Ko e Mahuʻinga ʻo e Palani ʻo e Maama Fakapalofesinale ki he Malaʻe ʻAkapulu ʻOku ʻikai ko ha konga musie pe ʻa e malaʻe ʻakapulu; ko ha siteisi ia ki he ngaahi vaʻinga sipoti, laukau ʻa e kolo, pea mo e ngaahi fakamafola televisone fakaʻofoʻofa. Ko e maama ʻoku ne fakamaama ʻa e siteisi ko ʻeni ʻoku mahulu hake ia ʻi ha seti maama ngingila pe. Ko ha founga ia naʻe fokotuʻutuʻu fakalelei ke ne aʻusia ʻa e ngaahi tuʻunga pau mo fefeka ʻoku kehekehe ʻo makatuʻunga ʻi he tuʻunga ʻo e vaʻinga. ʻE lava ke hoko ha maama ʻoku ʻikai lelei hono fokotuʻutuʻu ki he lavea ʻa e kau vaʻinga mei he ngaahi faingataʻa ʻoku ʻikai lava ʻo sio ki ai pe ngaahi foʻi pulu ʻoku ʻikai ke nau lava ʻo fakafuofuaʻi, fakatupu ha aʻusia maʻulalo ki he kau mamatá, pea ʻikai lava ke feau ʻa e ngaahi fiemaʻu fefeka ʻa e kau fakamafola, ʻo fakaʻaongaʻi...

Ko e ʻuhinga ʻoku kehe ai ʻa e maama ʻo e malaʻe pasiketipolo ʻi loto Ko e ngaahi faikehekehe ʻi he maama ʻo e malaʻe pasiketipolo ʻi loto mo e malaʻe pasiketipolo ʻi tuʻa ʻoku ʻikai ko ha meʻa fakangalingali pe; ʻoku nau mahuʻinga ki he palani mo e founga fola. Ko e faikehekehe mahino taha ko e ʻikai ke ʻi ai ha ngaahi pou mama. Ko e ngaahi malaʻe ʻi loto, ʻi honau natula, ko ha ngaahi feituʻu ʻoku tapuni, pea ʻoku meimei ke fokotuʻu fakahangatonu maʻu pe ʻa e ngaahi maama ki he faʻunga ʻo e ʻaofi. ʻOku toʻo heni ʻa e fie maʻu ke fakakaukauʻi ʻa e fokotuʻutuʻu ʻo e vaʻakau, maʻolunga, mo e ngaue ki he fakavaʻe, ʻo liliu ʻa e tokanga ki he fokotuʻutuʻu, tufakiʻanga naunau mo e ngaue ʻa e ngaahi meʻa ʻoku fokotuʻutuʻu. ʻOku fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e ngaahi malaʻe ʻi loto ʻi ha ngaahi feituʻu kehekehe,...

Mahino ʻa e Mahuʻinga Moʻoni ʻo e Maama ʻo e Malaʻe Peisipolo ʻI he taimi ʻoku palani ai ha malaʻe peisipolo foʻou pe fakakaukau ke fakaleleiʻi ki ha malaʻe lolotonga, ko e taha ʻo e ngaahi fehuʻi ʻuluaki mo mahuʻinga taha ʻoku fekauʻaki maʻu pe mo e totongi. Neongo ia, ʻoku tatataha ke hoko ʻa e tali ko ha mataʻifika pe ʻe taha. Ko e "totongi" ʻo e maama ʻo e malaʻe peisipolo ko ha foʻi fakakaukau ia ʻoku lahi ange ia ʻi he mahuʻinga pe ʻo e ngaahi mama. Ke fai ha fili lelei mo fakapotopoto fakapaʻanga, kuo pau ke fakakaukauʻi ʻe ha taha ʻa e ʻuluaki mahuʻinga ʻo e fakatau, fakamole ki hono fola, ngaahi fakamole hokohoko ki hono fakalele (tautautefito ki he ʻuhila), pea mo e ngaahi fakamole ki hono tokangaʻi mo fetongi taimi loloa. Ko ha maʻamaʻa...

Ko e ʻuhinga ʻoku mahuʻinga ai ʻa e ngaahi tohi fakamoʻoni malu ʻa Siamane ʻi he maketi fakaemamani lahi Ki ha faʻahinga kautaha pe ʻoku fie maʻu ke export ʻa e ngaahi koloa fakaʻuhila ki ʻIulope, kae tautautefito ki Siamane, ʻoku ʻikai ngata pe ʻi he mahuʻinga ke mahino ʻa e tuʻunga ʻo e ngaahi tohi fakamoʻoni malu—ka ʻoku mahuʻinga ia ki he hu ki he maketi mo e falala ʻa e kau fakatau. ʻOku ʻiloa fuoloa ʻa Siamane ʻi he tuʻunga lelei mo e tuʻunga malu, pea ʻoku mahuʻinga ʻaupito ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻilonga fakamoʻoni ʻi hono ngaahi kauʻafonua. Ko e ua ʻo e ngaahi fakaʻilonga ʻiloa mo fakaʻapaʻapaʻi taha ko e fakaʻilonga GS mo e fakaʻilonga VDE. Neongo ʻoku faʻa lave fakataha ki ai pea fakatou haʻu mei Siamane, ko e ngaahi tohi fakamoʻoni kehekehe ia ʻoku kehekehe hono ʻuhinga, lahi mo e tuʻutuʻuni...

Ko e mahino ʻo e Fatongia Mahuʻinga ʻo e Tuʻunga Lelei ʻo e Mama ʻi he Fakalakalaka ʻo e ʻAkau ʻOku mahulu hake ʻa e mama ʻi ha maʻuʻanga ivi pe ki he ʻakau. Ko ha fakaʻilonga ʻatakai faingataʻa mo kehekehe ia ʻoku ne puleʻi ʻa e meimei tuʻunga kotoa pe ʻo e moʻui ʻa ha fuʻu ʻakau, mei he germination ʻo e tengaʻi ʻakau ki he matala mo e fua. Neongo ʻoku mahuʻinga ʻa e lahi ʻo e mama—ʻa hono malohi pe photon flux density (PFD)—ki hono fakalele ʻo e photosynthesis, ʻoku mahuʻinga tatau pe ʻa e tuʻunga lelei ʻo e mama—ʻa hono faʻunga spectral pe wavelength—ko ha regulator ʻo e tupu mo e fakalakalaka ʻa e ʻakau. Kuo fakatupulaki ʻe he ʻakau ʻa e ngaahi founga photoreceptor lelei ʻa ia ʻoku ne fakaʻata kinautolu ke nau ongoʻi ʻa e ngaahi liliu iiki ʻi he ʻatakai ʻo e mama, kau ai hono lanu, huʻu, mo e...

Ko e ʻuhinga ʻoku falalaʻanga ai ʻa e fakaʻuli LED ko e uho ia ʻo ha maama lelei ʻOku lelei pe ʻa e maama LED mo hono fakaʻuli. Neongo ʻoku faʻa maʻu ʻe he LED chips ʻa e langilangi ʻi heʻenau moʻui fuoloa mo e ivi lelei, ka ko e fakaʻuli—ko ha konga faingataʻa ʻo e ngaahi meʻa fakaʻilekitulonika malohi—ʻoku ne ʻai ke nau ngaue. Ko e tefitoʻi ngaue ʻa e fakaʻuli LED ke liliu ʻa e voltage AC ʻoku hu mai mei he mains ki ha maʻuʻanga tokoni ʻo e lolotonga DC ʻoku puleʻi. ʻOku ʻikai tatau ia mo ha maʻuʻanga voltage faingofua, ʻe lava ke kehekehe ʻa e output voltage ʻo ha maʻuʻanga tokoni lolotonga ke tatau mo e to ki muʻa ʻo e voltage (Vf) ʻo e uta ʻa e LED, fakapapauʻi ʻoku tuʻu maʻu mo tuʻumaʻu ʻa e lolotonga...

Ko e ʻuhinga ʻoku mahuʻinga ai ʻa e sivi ʻo e voltage maʻolunga ki he malu ʻo e LED Luminaire Ko e maama LED kotoa pe ʻoku mavahe mei ha fale ngaue pea fokotuʻu ʻi ha ʻapi, ʻofisi, pe malaʻe vaʻinga kuo pau ke aʻusia ʻa e ngaahi tuʻunga malu fefeka. ʻOku kau ʻi he ngaahi meʻa mahuʻinga taha ʻo e ngaahi meʻa ni ʻa e sivi ʻo e voltage maʻolunga, ʻa ia ʻoku faʻa ui ko e sivi ʻo e malohi ʻo e dielectric pe sivi hipot. ʻOku ʻikai ʻuhinga ʻa e sivi ko ʻeni ke vakaiʻi pe ʻoku ngaue ʻa e mama, ka ke fakapapauʻi ʻe ʻikai hoko ia ko ha fakatuʻutamaki fakatuʻutamaki ʻi he ngaahi tuʻunga ʻoku fehalaaki. Ko e tefitoʻi moʻoni mahuʻinga ke fakapapauʻi ʻoku feʻunga ʻa e insulation ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e ngaahi konga ʻuhila moʻui mo ha faʻahinga konga conductive (hange ko e fale ukamea)...

Mahino ʻa e Ngaahi Faingataʻa ʻo e Maama ʻo ha Malaʻe ʻAkapulu Ko e maama ʻo ha malaʻe ʻakapulu ko e taha ia ʻo e ngaahi ngaue faingataʻa mo fie maʻu taha ʻi he palani ʻo e maama sipoti. ʻOku ʻikai tatau ʻa e malaʻe ʻakapulu mo ha malaʻe vaʻinga ʻi loto ʻoku maʻulalo hono ʻaofi, ko ha feituʻu lahi ia ʻi tuʻa (pe fuʻu lahi ʻi loto) ʻa ia kuo pau ke sio ki ai ʻa e kau vaʻinga, kau ʻofisiale, mo ha kiʻi foʻi pulu mei he tafaʻaki kotoa pe, ʻo faʻa fakamafola ʻi he televisone. ʻOku ʻikai ko e pole ke ʻai pe ʻa e malaʻe ke maama ange, ka ke fai ia ʻi ha founga ʻoku tatau ai, ʻo ʻikai ha sio, pea ʻi ha founga ʻe feau ai e ngaahi fie maʻu ʻa e kau vaʻinga ʻi he tuʻunga kotoa pe. ʻE lava ʻe ha malaʻe ʻoku ʻikai maama lelei...

Ko e ha ʻoku faʻa mate ai ʻa e ngaahi maama LED kimuʻa ʻi heʻenau moʻui? ʻOku fakaofo ʻa e LED chips ʻi heʻenau moʻui fuoloa, ʻa ia ko e lahi ʻoku fakafuofuaʻi ke tolonga ʻi he houa ʻe 50,000 pe lahi ange. Neongo ia, ʻoku ʻiloʻi ʻe ha taha pe kuo ne ngaue ki he maama LED ʻe lava pea ʻoku ʻikai ola lelei ʻa e ngaahi maama mo e ngaahi naunau kimuʻa ʻi he fakangatangata ko ʻeni. ʻOku faʻa iku ʻa e meʻa ko ʻeni ki he taʻefiemalie, he ʻoku fepaki ʻa e talaʻofa ʻo ha maʻuʻanga maama "ʻi he kotoa ʻo e moʻui" mo e moʻoni ʻo ha foʻi ʻuhila mate hili ha ngaahi taʻu siʻi pe. Ko e tukuakiʻi, ʻi he lahi taha ʻo e ngaahi meʻa, ʻoku ʻikai ko e LED chips, ka ko e fakaʻuli fakaʻilekitulonika ʻoku ne fakamalohiʻi kinautolu. Pea ʻi loto...

Mahino ʻa e Ngaahi Pou ʻe Fa ʻo e Fua ʻo e Ngingila ʻo e LED ʻI he taimi ʻoku tau talanoa ai ki he "ngingila" ʻo ha maama LED, ʻoku tau faʻa fakaʻaongaʻi ha foʻi lea angamaheni ʻe lava ke ʻuhinga ki ha ngaahi meʻa kehekehe ʻi he ngaahi tukunga kehekehe. Ko e lahi fakakatoa ʻo e maama ʻoku tafe mai mei he foʻi ʻuhila? Ko e malohi ʻo e fuʻu ʻakau ʻoku fakatefito ʻi ha feituʻu pau? Pe ko e tuʻunga ʻo e maama ʻi ho tesi pe ʻi ha malaʻe ʻakapulu? ʻOku ʻikai ko ha meʻa noaʻia pe ʻa e ngaahi faikehekehe ko ʻeni ki he kau faʻu mama, kau ʻenisinia, mo e kau specifiers; ʻoku nau mahuʻinga. Ke fakamatalaʻi totonu, fakafehoanaki, mo fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e maama LED, ʻoku tau fakafalala ki ha ngaahi maama kehekehe ʻe fa, ka...

ʻOku fakautuutu ʻa e fie maʻu fakaemamani lahi ki hono ngaohi ʻo e meʻakai, pea ʻoku fakautuutu ʻa e fatongia mahuʻinga ʻo e ngoue ʻi he ʻatakai ʻoku puleʻi, tautautefito ki he greenhouses. ʻOku ʻomi ʻe he greenhouses ʻa e malava ke fakaloloa ʻa e faʻahitaʻu tupu, maluʻi ʻa e ngoue mei he kovi ʻa e ʻea, pea mo e ngaahi tuʻunga lelei ki he fua mo e tuʻunga lelei. Neongo ia, ʻoku faʻa fakangatangata ʻe ha meʻa mahuʻinga ʻenau ngaue: ko e mama. ʻOku fakasiʻisiʻi ʻe he founga ngaohi ʻo e fale ʻakau ʻa e lahi ʻo e laʻaa fakanatula ʻoku aʻu ki he ʻakau. ʻOku fakatupu ʻa e fakasiʻisiʻi ko ʻeni ʻe ha ngaahi moʻoniʻi meʻa lahi, kau ai ʻa e orientation mo e ngaahi konga ʻo e faʻunga ʻo e greenhouse, pea mo e mama...

Mahino ʻa e Liliu ʻi he Tekinolosia ʻo e Maama ʻo e Hala ʻi he Kolo Ko e maama ʻamipa angamaheni kuo ne fakamaama ʻa e ngaahi hala ʻo e kolo ʻi he ngaahi taʻu lahi ʻoku fetongi mamalie kae pau ʻaki ha maama hinehina maʻamaʻa. ʻOku fakafofongaʻi ʻe he liliu ko ʻeni ʻa e taha ʻo e ngaahi fakaleleiʻi mahuʻinga taha ʻi he hisitolia ʻo e kolo ʻo onoponi, ʻa ia ʻoku tekeʻi ʻe he fie maʻu fakaemamani lahi ki hono fakatolonga ʻo e ivi mo hono fakasiʻisiʻi ʻo e emission ʻo e kolo. ʻI he tupulaki ʻa e ʻekonomika mo e tokolahi ʻo e kakai ʻi he kolo, kuo hanga ʻe he fie maʻu ʻo e ivi ʻo teke lahi ʻa e ngaahi maʻuʻanga tokoni mo e ʻatakai. Ko e maama hala, ʻa ia ʻoku faʻa hoko ko e fakamole lahi taha ia ki he ʻuhila ʻa e kolo—ʻa ia ʻoku aʻu ki he 40% ʻo e moʻua ʻuhila ʻa e kolo—kuo hoko ia ko ha tefitoʻi taumuʻa ki hono fakaleleiʻi ʻo e lavameʻa....