Ko e ʻuhinga ʻoku ʻikai lava ai ʻa e ngaahi maama LED mo e founga ke fakaleleiʻi ai ʻOku totonu ke maʻu ʻe he ngaahi maama LED honau tuʻunga ko e tekinolosia ʻo e maama ʻi he ngaahi ʻapi, pisinisi, mo e ngaahi feituʻu fakapuleʻanga. ʻOku hanga ʻe heʻenau maama maʻolunga, siʻisiʻi ʻaupito hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo e ivi, mo e malava ke moʻui fuoloa ʻo ʻai ke nau hoko ko ha fili fakaʻofoʻofa ʻi he ngaahi meʻa kehe ʻoku fakaʻofoʻofa mo fluorescent. Neongo ia, ko e kupuʻi lea ko e "LEDs ʻoku tolonga ʻo taʻengata" ko ha talatupuʻa. Neongo ʻoku nau angamaheni ʻaki ʻa e malohi pea siʻisiʻi ange ʻenau tuʻu laveangofua ki he maumau fakafokifa mo fakatuʻutamaki ʻo e ngaahi foʻi ʻuhila motuʻa, ko e ngaahi meʻangaue fakaʻilekitulonika faingataʻa ia ʻe lava pea ʻoku ʻikai ngaue lelei. Ko e ongoongo lelei ko e lahi ʻo e ngaahi palopalema angamaheni ʻo e LED ʻoku ʻikai...

Kuo liliu ʻe he fakapoʻuli ʻo e maama LED lelei taha ʻa e founga ʻoku tau fakamaama ai hotau mamani, ʻo ne ʻomi ha ivi lelei taʻe-hano-tatau mo e moʻui ʻe lava ke aʻu ki ha ngaahi taʻu lahi. Neongo ʻenau tekinolosia maʻolunga, ʻoku ʻikai taʻe-faʻa-mate ʻa e ngaahi maama LED. Ko ha aʻusia angamaheni ki he tokolahi ʻo kinautolu ʻoku nau fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e fakatokangaʻi ko ʻenau ngaahi maama LED pe ngaahi naunau naʻe ngingila kimuʻa kuo fakaʻau ke poipoila ange ʻi he ʻalu ʻa e taimi, pe mahalo kuo ʻi ai ha ngaahi konga fakapoʻuli. ʻE lava ke fakatupu lotofoʻi ʻa e meʻa ko ʻeni, ʻa ia ʻoku mole ai ʻa e ngingila ʻo e maama LED, tautautefito ki he hili ʻa e ʻinivesi ʻi he meʻa naʻe palomesi ke hoko ko ha fakaleleiʻanga tuʻuloa. Neongo ia, ʻoku ʻikai ko ha meʻa noa pe ʻa e fakapoʻuli ko ʻeni; ko ia...

ʻI he taimi ʻoku tau fakakaukau ai ki he maama lelei, ko e ʻuluaki meʻa ʻoku haʻu ki heʻetau fakakaukau ko e ngingila. ʻOku ʻi ai nai ha maama feʻunga ke sio lelei? Neongo ia, ʻoku ʻiloʻi ʻe he kau mataotao ʻo e mama mo e ngaahi kautaha tuʻunga moʻui ʻoku ʻikai feʻunga ʻa e maama ʻataʻata pe. ʻE lava ke maʻolunga ʻa e maama ʻo ha loki pe malaʻe sipoti ka ʻoku kei kovi pe ke sio pe ʻoku ʻikai tufaki tatau ʻa e maama ko ia. Fakakaukauloto ki ha feituʻu ngaue ʻoku ʻi ai ha maama ngingila ʻi ʻolunga kae ʻi ai ha ngaahi ʻata loloto ʻi he ngaahi tuliki. Pe ko ha malaʻe pasiketipolo ʻoku ulo ngingila ʻi lalo ʻi he ngaahi meʻa ka ʻoku poipoila ʻi he tafaʻaki. Ko ʻeni...

Ko e Liliu Fakamamani Lahi ʻi he Maama ʻo e Hala ʻI he fefaʻuhi ʻa e mamani mo e fakautuutu ʻo e fie maʻu ʻo e ivi mo e fie maʻu fakavavevave ke fakasiʻisiʻi ʻa e kaponi, ʻoku sivisiviʻi ʻa e sekitoa kotoa pe ke maʻu ʻa e lavameʻa. ʻOku fakafofongaʻi ʻe he maama hala fakakolo, ko ha ngaue mahuʻinga ka ʻoku faʻa ʻikai fakatokangaʻi, ha faingamalie lahi. ʻI he ngaahi taʻu lahi, kuo ulo ʻa e langi ʻo hotau ngaahi kolo ʻaki ʻa e lanu amber angamaheni ʻo e ngaahi maama high-pressure sodium (HPS). Ko e ngaahi naunau ko ʻeni ko e fanga hoosi ngaue ia ʻo e maama ʻi he hala, ʻa ia naʻe fakamahuʻingaʻi ʻi heʻenau tolonga fuoloa ʻi hono fakafehoanaki ki he ngaahi tekinolosia kimuʻa pea mo ʻenau malava ke hu atu ʻi he kakapu. Neongo ia, kuo ʻomi ʻe he senituli hono 21 ha poleʻi malohi: ko e Light Emitting Diode (LED)....

Ko e mahuʻinga ʻoku fufuuʻi ʻo ha LED ʻoku tolonga ʻI he taimi ʻoku ke fakatau ai ha maama LED, ʻoku ke fakatau ha meʻa lahi ange ʻi he maama pe; ʻOku ke ʻinivesi ʻi ha ngaahi taʻu lahi ʻo e ngaue falalaʻanga mo lelei ʻa e ivi. Ko e talaʻofa ʻo ha lifespan houa ʻe 50,000 ko e taha ia ʻo e ngaahi tefitoʻi ʻuhinga ʻoku tau fili ai ʻa e LED ʻi he ngaahi tekinolosia motuʻa ange. Neongo ia, ʻoku ʻikai ko ha meʻa noa pe ʻa e moʻui loloa ko ʻeni. Ko e ola ia ʻo e ʻenisinia fefeka, pea ko e meʻa mahuʻinga taha, ko ha ngaahi founga lahi ki hono puleʻi ʻo e tuʻunga lelei ʻoku fakahoko kimuʻa pea aʻu ʻa e mama ki he funga laupapa ʻo e falekoloa. ʻOku kau ʻi he ngaahi founga mahuʻinga taha ʻo e ngaahi founga ko ʻeni ʻa e sivi ʻo e toulekeleka. Neongo ʻe ongo hange ha kiʻi "vela"...

Ko e Faingataʻa Fufu ʻi he Ngaahi Polokalama ʻUhila ʻo Onoponi ʻI ha mamani lelei, ko e ʻuhila ʻoku tafe mai ʻi heʻetau ngaahi grid ʻuhila ʻe hoko ia ko ha peau sine haohaoa mo maʻa—ko ha oscillation molemole mo mahino ʻo e voltage mo e current. Neongo ia, ko e moʻoni ʻo e ngaahi polokalama fakaʻuhila ʻo onopooni, ʻa ia ʻoku fonu ʻi he ngaahi meʻangaue fakaʻilekitulonika, ʻoku mamaʻo ia mei he fakakaukau ko ʻeni. Ko e taimi kotoa pe ʻoku ke palaki ai ha device ʻoku ʻi ai ha switch mode power supply—mei hoʻo laptop charger ki ha foʻi ʻuhila LED—ʻoku ne fakakeheʻi ʻa e waveform haohaoa ko ʻeni. ʻOku quantified ʻa e distortion ko ʻeni ʻe ha parameter mahuʻinga ʻoku ʻiloa ko e Total Harmonic Distortion, pe THD. Neongo ʻe ongo hange ha foʻi fakakaukau fakatekinikale ʻoku fakatatali pe...

Ko e Mana ʻo e Tunable LED Lighting kuo fakalaka atu ʻa e maama fakaonopooni ʻi he ngaue faingofua ʻo e fakamaama. ʻI he ʻaho ni, ʻoku ʻikai ngata pe ʻi heʻetau lava ʻo liliu ʻa e ngingila ʻo ha mama ka ko e lanu pe "mafana" ʻo e maama ʻoku ne ʻomai. Kuo liliu ʻe he malava ko ʻeni ke fakatonutonu ʻa e maama mo e mafana ʻo e lanu ki he faʻufaʻu ʻo e mama, ʻo fakaʻata ai ʻa e ngaahi ʻatakai longomoʻui ʻe lava ke liliu mei ha maama ʻo e ʻaho mokomoko ki he ngaue ki ha maama fakafiemalie mo mafana ki he malolo efiafi. Ka ʻoku anga fefe ʻa e ngaue ʻa e liliu ngali faingofua ko ʻeni? ʻOku ʻi lalo ʻi he funga ʻo ha foʻi ʻuhila LED pe naunau ʻoku ʻi ai ha fakatahaʻi fakaʻofoʻofa ʻo e fisiki, meʻa fakaʻilekitulonika, mo e...

Ko e ʻuhinga ʻoku kehe ai ʻa e moʻui ʻa e LED mei he ngaahi foʻi ʻuhila tukufakaholo Ko e taha ʻo e ngaahi lelei lahi taha ʻo e maama LED ko ʻene moʻui makehe. Neongo ʻe lava ke vela ha foʻi ʻuhila angamaheni hili ha houa ʻe 1,000 pea mo ha maama fluorescent (CFL) hili ha houa ʻe 8,000, ʻoku faʻa fakafuofuaʻi ʻa e maama LED lelei ke tolonga ʻi he houa ʻe 25,000, 50,000, pe naʻa mo e houa ʻe 100,000. Ko e moʻui loloa ko ʻeni ko ha tefitoʻi fakaʻaiʻai ia ki he liliu ki he LED ʻi he meʻa kotoa pe mei he ngaahi foʻi ʻuhila ʻo e nofoʻanga ki he ngaahi ngaue lalahi mo e maama ʻi he hala. Neongo ia, ʻoku kehe ʻaupito ʻa e founga ʻoku aʻu ai ha LED ki he ngataʻanga ʻo ʻene moʻui mei he ngaahi tekinolosia motuʻa ange. ʻOku snap ʻa e filo incandescent, ko ha...

Ko e ʻuhinga ʻoku taʻeʻamanekina ai ʻa e liliu mei he HPS ki he LED ʻi he maama hala ʻI he funga ʻo e mamani, ʻoku hoko ha liliu fakalongolongo ʻi hotau ngaahi hala mo e ngaahi hala lahi. ʻOku fetongi mamalie ʻa e ulo lanu moli angamaheni ʻo e ngaahi maama sodium (HPS), ʻa ia kuo nau fakamaama ʻa e ngaahi hala ʻi ha ngaahi taʻu lahi, ʻe he maama hinehina ʻo e LEDs. ʻOku ʻikai ko ha fili fakaʻofoʻofa pe ʻa e liliu ko ʻeni; ʻOku teke ia ʻe he fie maʻu fakavavevave fakaemamani lahi ki hono fakatolonga ʻo e ivi mo hono fakasiʻisiʻi ʻo e emission ʻo e ʻea. ʻI he tupulaki ʻa e ʻekonomika mo e tokolahi ʻo e kolo, ko e fie maʻu ʻo e ivi—mo e mafasia fekauʻaki mo e ngaahi maʻuʻanga tokoni mo e ʻatakai—kuo ʻai ke mahuʻinga ʻa e maama lelei ʻa e kakai...

Ko ha meʻa angamaheni ʻoku fakapuputuʻu ai ʻa e tokolahi ʻo e kau fakatau pea naʻa mo e kau palofesinale ʻe niʻihi: ʻOku fakafiefiaʻi ʻa e ngaahi maama LED ʻi heʻenau ivi lelei ʻaupito, ka ʻi he hili ʻene fakamoʻui ʻi ha kiʻi taimi, ʻoku ʻikai lava ke fakaʻikaiʻi ʻa e vela ʻo e meʻa ʻoku nau fakaʻaongaʻi. Kapau ʻoku fakahaofi ʻe he LED ha ʻuhila lahi ʻi hono fakafehoanaki ki ha foʻi ʻuhila motuʻa, ko e ha ʻoku kei fakatupu ai ha vela lahi? Ko e taha ʻeni ʻo e ngaahi fehuʻi ʻoku lahi taha hono fai ʻi he mamani ʻo e mama. ʻOku ʻikai ko e tali ia ʻi he ivi fakakatoa ʻoku fakaʻaongaʻi, ka ʻi he tefitoʻi fisiki ʻo e founga ʻo e mama...

Ko e ha ʻa e maama pea ko e ha ʻoku mahuʻinga ai ʻi he maama sipoti? Ko e maama ko ha tefitoʻi fakakaukau ia ʻi he palani ʻo e mama, ʻoku ʻuhinga ia ki he lahi fakakatoa ʻo e maama ʻoku hoko ʻi ha fukahi ʻelia ʻi he ʻiuniti. ʻI hono fakalea mahinongofua, ʻoku ne fakafuofuaʻi ʻa e lahi ʻo e maama ʻoku to mo fakamaama ha funga feituʻu, tatau ai pe pe ko ha malaʻe vaʻinga, tesi, pe hala. ʻOku quantified ia ʻi he ngaahi ʻiuniti ʻoku ui ko e lux, ʻa ia ʻoku tatau ai ʻa e lux ʻe taha mo e lumen ʻe taha ki he sikuea mita. ʻOku mahuʻinga ʻa e mahino ʻo e maama koeʻuhi he ʻoku ne fakapapauʻi fakahangatonu ʻa e sio ki ai. Ki he maama sipoti, ʻoku ʻikai fekauʻaki pe ʻa e maama mo hono ʻai ke maama ʻa e malaʻe; ka ʻoku fekauʻaki ia mo hono fakapapauʻi...

Ko e ha ʻa e ngaahi tefitoʻi faikehekehe ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e halogen, xenon, mo e LED headlights? ʻI he ngaahi taʻu lahi, kuo liliu ʻa e maama meʻalele mei he fanga kiʻi maama lolo ki he ngaahi founga faingataʻa ʻoku tau sio ai ʻi he ngaahi hala he ʻaho ni. ʻI he lolotonga ni, ʻoku puleʻi ʻe he ngaahi tekinolosia lalahi ʻe tolu ʻa e maketi: halogen, xenon (ʻoku toe ʻiloa foki ko High-Intensity Discharge pe HID), mo e LED (Light Emitting Diode). ʻOku takitaha ngaue ʻi ha tefitoʻi moʻoni kehekehe, ʻo maʻu ai ha ngaahi ʻulungaanga kehekehe ʻi he tuʻunga ʻo e ngingila, mafana ʻo e lanu, ivi ʻoku fakaʻaongaʻi, moʻui, mo e totongi. ʻOku mahuʻinga ke mahino ʻa e ngaahi faikehekehe ko ʻeni ki ha taha pe ʻoku ʻaʻana ha meʻalele ʻoku fie fakaleleiʻi ʻenau maama pe mahino pe ʻa e tekinolosia ʻi mui ʻi he maama ʻo ʻenau meʻalele. ʻOku fakafofongaʻi ʻe Halogen ʻa e tukufakaholo,...