Ko e ʻuhinga ʻoku taʻeʻamanekina ai ʻa e liliu mei he HPS ki he LED ʻi he maama hala
ʻI he funga ʻo e mamani, ʻoku hoko ha liliu fakalongolongo ʻi hotau ngaahi hala mo e ngaahi hala lahi. ʻOku fetongi mamalie ʻe he maama hinehina ʻo e LED. ʻOku ʻikai ko ha fili fakaʻofoʻofa pe ʻa e liliu ko ʻeni; ʻoku tekeʻi ia ʻe he fie maʻu fakavavevave fakaemamani lahi ki hono fakatolonga ʻo e ivi mo hono fakasiʻisiʻi ʻo e ʻea ʻo e kolo. ʻI he tupulaki ʻa e ʻekonomika mo e tokolahi ʻo e kakai ʻi he kolo, kuo hoko ʻa e fie maʻu ʻo e ivi ko ha meʻa mahuʻinga ki he ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni fakapuleʻanga. ʻE lava ke aʻu ki he 40% ʻo e patiseti ʻuhila ʻa e kolo. ʻOku ʻomi ʻe he fakaleleiʻi mei he HPS ki he tekinolosia LED ha founga fakahangatonu ke fakasiʻisiʻi ʻaki ʻa e ivi ʻaki ʻa e 50% pe lahi ange. ʻOku fakatotolo ʻa e fakafehoanaki fakaʻauliliki ko ʻeni ki he ngaahi ʻuhinga fakatekinikale mo fakaʻaongaʻi ʻoku ʻikai ngata pe ʻi he hoko ʻa e ngaahi maama hala LED ko ha fili, ka ko e fili lelei taha ia ki he kahaʻu ʻo e maama hala, ʻo fakahoko ʻa e talaʻofa ʻo e fakahaofi ivi, tuʻuloa ʻo e ʻatakai, mo e malu lelei ange ʻa e kakai.
Ko e ha ʻa e ngaahi maama high-pressure sodium (HPS) pea ʻoku anga fefe ʻenau ngaue?
ʻOku kau ʻa e ngaahi maama sodium high-pressure ki he famili ʻo e high-intensity discharge (HID). Kuo laka hake ʻi he vaeuaʻi senituli, kuo nau hoko ko e fili angamaheni ki he maama hala mo e hala fakaemamani lahi. ʻOku makatuʻunga ʻenau ngaue ʻi hono paasi ʻo e ʻuhila ʻi ha tiupi ʻukamea ʻoku ʻi ai ha tuifio ʻo e mercury, sodium mo e xenon. ʻI he taimi ʻoku to ai ʻa e arc, ʻoku fiefia ʻa e sodium vapor pea ʻomi ʻa e mama. Naʻe saiʻia ʻa e tekinolosia ko ʻeni ʻi hono maʻolunga ʻo e maama ʻi he 80 ki he 140 lumens ki he watt. Ko hono lelei lahi ʻe taha ko ʻene ngaue malohi ʻi he kakapu mo e ʻuha. ʻOku siʻisiʻi ange ʻa e fakamovetevete ʻe he ngaahi momoʻi meʻa ʻo e vai ʻi he ʻea. Neongo ia, ko e maama lanu moli monochromatic ko ʻeni ko honau vaivaiʻanga lahi taha. ʻI he maʻulalo ʻaupito ʻa e color rendering index (CRI) ʻo e 20-25, ʻoku ʻomi ʻe he ngaahi maama HPS ʻa e lahi taha ʻo e ngaahi lanu ko e lanu engeenga, lanu melomelo, pe kulei, ʻo fakakeheʻi lahi ʻa e ʻatakai ʻo e sio mo fakasiʻisiʻi ʻa e malava ʻa e kau fakaʻuli mo e kau lue lalo ke fakafaikehekeheʻi lelei ʻa e ngaahi meʻa.
Ko e ha ʻa e ngaahi tefitoʻi tonounou ʻo e ngaahi maama HPS ʻi he maama hala?
Neongo ʻenau pule fakahisitolia, ʻoku faingataʻaʻia ʻa e ngaahi maama HPS ʻi ha ngaahi fehalaaki mahuʻinga ʻoku fakautuutu ai ʻenau taʻefeʻunga ki he ngaahi tuʻunga ʻo e maama ʻo onoponi. Ko e ʻuluaki palopalema lahi ko e ʻikai lelei ʻa e maama mo e mapuleʻi ʻo e mama. Ko e ngaahi maama HPS ko e ngaahi maʻuʻanga maama omnidirectional, ʻa ia ʻoku nau tuku atu ʻa e maama ki he feituʻu kotoa pe. Ke tataki hifo ʻa e maama ko ʻeni ki he hala, kuo pau ke fakafalala ʻa e ngaahi maama ki he ngaahi maama lalahi. ʻOku ʻikai lelei ʻa e founga ko ʻeni. Ua, ʻoku fakafaingataʻaʻiaʻi ʻaupito ʻa e tuʻunga lelei ʻo e maama HPS ʻe he palani ʻo e naunau. Ko e ola lelei ʻo e emitter ʻo ha maama HPS angamaheni ʻoku fakafuofua pe ki he 50-60%, ʻa ia ʻoku ʻuhinga ia ko e meimei 30-40% ʻo e maama ʻoku maʻu ʻoku fihia ia ʻi loto ʻi he maama pe absorbed ʻe he reflector. Ko ha maumau mahuʻinga mo taʻeʻamanekina ʻeni ʻoku tupu mei he tekinolosia. Fakaʻosi, neongo ʻoku aʻu ki he houa ʻe 24,000 ʻa e moʻui ʻa e ngaahi maama HPS, ʻoku nounou ange ʻenau moʻui. ʻOku nau ongoʻingofua ʻa e fetoʻaki ʻo e voltage mo e ʻatakai faingataʻa ʻo ha pou hala, ʻa ia ʻoku kau ai ʻa e tetetete, mafana ʻo e ʻea, mo e ʻea. Ko hono ola, ʻe lava ke laka hake ʻi he 60% ʻa e lahi ʻo e ngaahi telefoni ki hono tokangaʻi ʻo e HPS.
Ko e ha ʻa e ngaahi maama hala LED pea ʻoku nau fakaleleiʻi fefe ʻa e ngaahi palopalema ko ʻeni?
ʻOku fakaʻaongaʻi ʻe he ngaahi maama hala LED ʻa e maama ko ʻenau maʻuʻanga mama. ʻOku ʻikai hange ko e HPS, ko e LEDs ko ha ngaahi meʻangaue semiconductor fefeka ʻoku ne ʻomi ʻa e mama ʻo fakafou ʻi he electroluminescence. ʻOku liliu ʻa e faikehekehe mahuʻinga ko ʻeni ki ha ngaahi lelei ʻaonga. Ko e mahuʻinga taha ʻo e ngaahi meʻa ni ko e longevity. ʻOku lahi ange ʻa e moʻui ʻa e maama hala LED ʻi he houa ʻe 50,000 ki he 100,000 pe lahi ange. ʻOku longevity ʻa e ngaahi lanu mo e moʻui ʻi ha ngaahi taʻu lahi. ʻIkai ngata ai, ʻoku kehe ʻaupito ʻa e maama ʻoku faʻu ʻe he LEDs. ʻOku longomoʻui mo moʻoni ʻa e ngaahi lanu ʻi he malumalu ʻo e LED. ʻOku ʻikai ko ha fakaleleiʻi fakaʻofoʻofa pe ʻeni; ʻoku ʻi ai hono ngaahi nunuʻa lahi ki he malu. ʻOku fekauʻaki hangatonu ʻa e malava ko ia ʻa e mata ʻo e tangata ke ʻiloʻi ʻa e faikehekehe, ʻiloʻi ʻa e ngaahi meʻa, mo e tali ki he ngaahi fakatuʻutamaki ʻe ala hoko ki he tuʻunga lelei ʻo e mama. ʻOku fakaʻata ʻe he CRI maʻolunga ange ʻo e LEDs ʻa e kau fakaʻuli mo e kau lue lalo ke nau sio lelei ange mo tali vave ange, ʻo fakaleleiʻi ʻa e malu fakalukufua ʻi he hala ʻi ha founga ʻoku ʻikai lava ke tatau mo e maama monochromatic ʻo e HPS.
ʻOku ʻomi fefe ʻe he ngaahi maama hala LED ʻa e tuʻunga lelei ange mo e mapuleʻi ʻo e mama?
ʻOku mahulu atu ʻa e ngaahi lelei ʻo e LEDs ʻi he lifespan mo e colour rendering ki he uho ʻo e founga ʻoku puleʻi mo tataki ai ʻa e mama. Ko e meʻa liliu taha ko honau natula directional. ʻOku ʻikai hange ko e ngaahi maama HPS ʻoku nau tuku atu ʻa e maama ʻi he tafaʻaki kotoa pe. ʻOku fakanatula pe ʻa e fakataumuʻa ʻa e mama ki he feituʻu ʻoku fie maʻu ai—ki he hala. ʻOku fakaʻata ʻe he directional characteristic ko ʻeni ke mapuleʻi taʻe-hano-tatau ʻa e tufakiʻanga mama. ʻE lava ke faʻu ʻe he kau faʻu maama ʻa e ngaahi sipinga pau ʻoku fenapasi lelei mo e geometry ʻo ha hala. ʻOku toʻo heni ʻa e palopalema ʻo e fuʻu maama ʻi lalo ʻi he pou mo e maama ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e ngaahi pou. ʻE lava ke fakaleleiʻi lelei ʻa e tufakiʻanga maama ʻo ha maama LED ke aʻusia ʻa e tuʻunga ʻo e maama ʻi he hala kotoa. ʻIkai ngata ai, koeʻuhi ʻoku fakataumuʻa tonu ʻa e mama, ʻoku maʻolunga ange ʻaupito ʻa e tuʻunga lelei fakalukufua ʻo e luminaire. ʻOku ʻikai ke mole ʻa e 30-40% ʻo e maama ʻi loto ʻi he meʻa, ka ʻoku faʻa aʻusia ʻe he ngaahi maama hala LED ʻa e efficiencies ʻo e luminaire ʻo e 90% pe lahi ange, ʻa ia ko hono ʻuhinga ko e meimei maama kotoa pe ʻoku faʻu ʻe he LEDs ʻoku iku ʻo fakamaama ʻa e taumuʻa naʻe fakataumuʻa ki ai.
Ko e ha ʻoku lelei ange ai ʻa e ivi mo e anga fakakaumeʻa ki he ʻatakai ʻa e ngaahi maama hala LED?
Ko e ivi lelei ʻo e ngaahi maama hala LED ko e taha ia ʻo e ngaahi ʻuhinga malohi taha ki heʻenau mafola hono fakaʻaongaʻi. ʻOku tupu ʻa e ola lelei ko ʻeni mei hono fakatahaʻi ʻo e ngaahi moʻoniʻi meʻa: high source efficacy (lumens per watt from the LED chip), high luminaire efficiency (minimal optical loss), and intelligent controls. ʻE lava ke maʻu ʻe ha polokalama HPS ʻa e 100 lumens per watt mei he mama, ka ʻi he hili hono fakamatalaʻi ʻo e ngaahi mole ʻo e reflector, ʻoku holo ʻaupito ʻa e ola lelei ʻo e polokalama. ʻOku ʻomi ʻe he polokalama LED ha maama lahi ange ki he hala ki he watt kotoa pe ʻo e ʻuhila ʻoku fakaʻaongaʻi. ʻOku fakasiʻisiʻi ʻa e ivi fakahangatonu ʻo e 50% ki he 70% ʻi hono fakafehoanaki ki he HPS. ʻI hono fakaʻaongaʻi siʻisiʻi ange ʻo e ʻuhila, ʻoku tau toe fakasiʻisiʻi ai ʻa e tukuange ʻo e kasa fakatuʻutamaki hange ko e CO2 mo e SO2 mei he ngaahi fale ʻuhila.
Neongo ia, ʻoku mahulu atu ʻa e ngaahi lelei ʻo e ʻatakai ʻi hono fakahaofi ʻo e ivi. ʻOku ʻi he ngaahi maama HPS ʻa e mercury, ko ha neurotoxin malohi, ʻa ia ʻoku silaʻi ʻi loto ʻi he tiupi arc. ʻI he taimi ʻoku aʻu ai ʻa e ngaahi maama ko ʻeni ki he ngataʻanga ʻo ʻenau moʻui, kuo pau ke tokangaʻi kinautolu ko ha veve fakatuʻutamaki. Kapau te nau maumau pe liʻaki taʻetotonu, te nau lava ʻo tukuange ʻa e mercury ki he ʻatakai, ʻo fakaʻuliʻi ʻa e kelekele mo e vai. ʻOku fakaʻaongaʻi ʻe he ngaahi maama hala LED ʻa e tekinolosia fefeka pea ʻikai ke ʻi ai ha mercury pe ngaahi naunau fakatuʻutamaki. ʻOku nau recyclable kakato pea ʻoku nau fakafofongaʻi ha maʻuʻanga maama anga fakakaumeʻa moʻoni ki he ʻatakai. ʻOku fakautuutu ʻa e mahuʻinga ʻo e tafaʻaki ko ʻeni ʻo e maama "lanu mata" ʻi hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻe he ngaahi kolo ʻa e ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni tuʻuloa hange ko e LEED. ʻOku hanga ʻe hono fakatahaʻi ʻo e ivi lelei mo e ʻikai ke ʻi ai ha ngaahi naunau kona ʻo ʻai ʻa e liliu ki he LED ko ha makatuliki ʻo ha faʻahinga founga fakaeʻatakai ki he ngaahi feituʻu fakakolo.
ʻOku ʻoange fefe ʻe he ngaahi polokalama puleʻi poto ʻa e ngaahi maama hala LED?
Ko e lelei fakaʻosi ʻo e ngaahi maama hala LED ko ʻenau fenapasi mo e ngaahi polokalama fakaonopooni ʻo e puleʻi ʻo e poto. ʻOku fie maʻu ha taimi fakamafanaʻi ʻo ha ngaahi miniti ke aʻu ki he maama kakato mei he kamataʻanga momoko pea aʻu pe ki ha taimi ke mokomoko ai kimuʻa pea toki lava ʻo toe tutu. ʻOku ʻikai lava ke mapuleʻi ha faʻahinga founga mapuleʻi taimi moʻoni. Ka neongo ia, ʻoku aʻusia ʻe he ngaahi maama hala LED ʻa e maama kakato ʻi he taimi pe ko ia ʻoku nau fakamoʻui ai, ʻo ʻikai ha vahaʻataimi fakamafana. Ko e meʻa ko ʻeni ʻoku malava ke fakaava kakato ai ʻa e maama ʻo e kolo poto. ʻE lava ke faingofua hono fakatahaʻi kinautolu mo e photocells, motion sensors, mo e central management systems (CMS) ʻoku fetuʻutaki ʻo fakafou ʻi he netiueka wireless. ʻOku fakaʻata heni ha ngaahi founga fakasiʻisiʻi ʻo e ivi. Hange ko ʻeni, ʻe lava ke fakasiʻisiʻi ʻa e maama ki he 100% ʻi he taimi ʻoku fakatokangaʻi ai ʻe ha sensor ha tokotaha lue lalo, pasikala pe meʻalele. ʻE lava ʻe he maama adaptive ko ʻeni ʻo fakahaofi ha toe 30-40% ʻi he ivi ʻo mahulu atu ʻi he fakahaofi mei he fakaleleiʻi ʻo e LED. ʻIkai ngata ai, ʻoku ʻomi ʻe he CMS ʻa hono vakaiʻi taimi moʻoni ʻo e maama fakafoʻituitui, lipooti he taimi pe ko ia ʻa e ngaahi fehalaaki pea fakaʻata ke tokangaʻi ʻa e ngaahi maama vela.
Tepile Fakafehoanaki Fakalukufua: LED Street Lights vs. HPS
ʻOku fakamatalaʻi fakanounou ʻe he tepile ko ʻeni ʻa e ngaahi faikehekehe mahuʻinga ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e ngaahi maama hala LED mo e ngaahi maama sodium maʻolunga tukufakaholo, ʻo fakamamafaʻi ʻa e ngaue maʻolunga ange ʻo e tekinolosia LED ʻi he meimei metric.
| Fakamatala | High-pressure sodium (HPS) | Maama Hala LED |
|---|---|---|
| ʻAonga ʻo e Maama (Polokalama) | Feʻunga (80-140 lm/W maʻuʻanga tokoni, ka ʻoku maʻulalo ange ʻa e ola lelei ʻo e polokalama koeʻuhi ko e mole ʻa e mata) | Maʻolunga (130-160+ lm/W, mo e mole fakaʻata siʻisiʻi) |
| Fakahokohoko Fakamotuʻalea ʻo e Color Rendering (CRI) | Masiva (20-25), maama lanu moli monochromatic | Lelei ʻaupito (70-90+), lahi ʻo e spectrum, lanu moʻoni |
| Loloa ʻo e moʻui | Nounou ki he Moderate (houa ʻe 10,000 – 24,000 fakaʻuhinga, maʻulalo ange ʻi he akonga) | Loloa ʻAupito (houa ʻe 50,000 – 100,000+) |
| Tufakiʻanga Naunau mo Puleʻi ʻo e Maama | Masiva (Omnidirectional, fakafalala ki he ngaahi reflectors ʻoku ʻikai lelei, ʻikai lelei ʻa e faitatau) | Lelei ʻaupito (Directional, tonu optics, uniformity maʻolunga) |
| Taimi Kamata / Restrike | Mamalie (miniti ʻe 5-10 ʻo e warm-up, ʻikai lava ʻo toe taaʻi he taimi pe ko ia) | Instant (Maama kakato he taimi pe ko ia, ʻikai toe toloi ʻa e restrike) |
| Uesia ʻo e ʻAtakai | Maʻolunga (ʻOku ʻi ai ʻa e mercury kona, fakaʻauha ʻo e veve fakatuʻutamaki) | Maʻulalo (ʻIkai ha mercury, recyclable kakato, eco-friendly) |
| Fenapasi mo e Smart Controls | Masiva (ʻOku taʻofi ʻe he taimi fakamafanaʻi ʻa e dimming/sensing) | Lelei ʻaupito (Dimmable kakato, fakatahaʻi mo e motion sensors mo e CMS) |
| Fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo e ivi mo e fakahu paʻanga | Fakavaʻe (Fakaʻaongaʻi lahi ʻo e ivi, maumau lahi) | Fakasiʻisiʻi ʻo e 50-70% vs. HPS, tanaki atu mo ha toe fakahu paʻanga mei he ngaahi meʻa ʻoku puleʻi ʻe he adaptive |
Ko hono fakaʻosi, ko e fakafehoanaki ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e ngaahi maama hala LED mo e ngaahi maama sodium ʻoku tafaʻaki taha. Neongo naʻe fakahoko ʻe he HPS ʻene taumuʻa ʻi ha ngaahi taʻu lahi, ʻoku ʻai ia ko ha tekinolosia ʻo e kuohili. ʻOku fakaleleiʻi ʻe he ngaahi maama hala LED ʻa e ngaahi tonounou kotoa ko ʻeni, ʻoatu ha founga ʻoku lelei ange, tolonga loloa, malu mo falalaʻanga ange ki he ʻatakai. ʻOku mahino ʻa e fili ki ha faʻahinga kolo pe kolo ʻoku fie maʻu ke fakasiʻisiʻi ʻa e fakamole, holoki hono topuvaʻe, pea fakaleleiʻi ʻa e tuʻunga ʻo e moʻui ʻa hono kakai ʻo e fonua.
Ngaahi Fehuʻi ʻOku Faʻa ʻEke Fekauʻaki mo e LED mo e HPS Street Lights
ʻE lava nai ke u fetongi fakahangatonu ha foʻi ʻuhila HPS ʻaki ha LED ʻi heʻeku maama hala lolotonga?
ʻI he ngaahi meʻa lahi, ʻoku ʻikai fokotuʻu atu ke fetongi pe ʻa e maama HPS ʻaki ha LED "corn cob" pe foʻi ʻuhila sikuli. ʻOku kehekehe ʻaupito ʻa e optics, heat sinking, mo e driver ʻuhila. Ki ha retrofit totonu mo malu, ʻoku totonu ke ke fetongi ʻa e maama kotoa ʻaki ha maama hala LED pe fakaʻaongaʻi ha naunau LED feʻunga kuo fokotuʻutuʻu ki hoʻo naunau pau, ʻa ia ʻoku ne fetongi ʻa e fakatahaʻanga mo e driver.
ʻOku lelei ange ʻa e maama lanu moli mei he ngaahi maama HPS ki he kakapu ʻi he maama LED hinehina?
ʻI he hisitolia, naʻe pehe ʻoku lelei ange ʻa e maama lanu engeenga/lanu moli ʻo e HPS ki he hu ki he kakapu. Neongo ia, ʻoku faʻa fakaʻaongaʻi ʻe he ngaahi maama hala LED ʻo onoponi ʻa e mafana ʻo e lanu (CCT) ʻo e 3000K pe 4000K, ʻa ia ʻoku potupotutatau. Neongo ʻoku siʻisiʻi ange ʻa e fakamovetevete ʻa e maama lanu engeenga loloa, ʻoku faʻa ʻomi ʻe he malohi mo e mapuleʻi ʻo e LED ʻa e ʻata fakalukufua lelei ange ʻi he kakapu. ʻIkai ngata ai, ʻe lava ke fakamahinoʻi ʻa e ngaahi naunau LED foʻou ʻaki ha "mafana" 2700K-3000K CCT ke fakalahi ʻa e ngaue ʻa e ʻea.
Ko e ha e lahi ʻo e paʻanga ʻe lava ke fakahaofi ʻe ha kolo ʻi he liliu ki he ngaahi maama hala LED?
ʻOku lahi ʻa e fakasiʻisiʻi. ʻOku angamaheni ʻaki ʻe he ngaahi kolo ʻa e holoki ʻo e 50-70% ʻi he fakamole ki he maama hala ʻi he hili pe ʻa e liliu ʻa e LED. ʻI he taimi ʻoku fakatahaʻi ai mo e fakasiʻisiʻi ʻo e fakamole ki hono tokangaʻi (koeʻuhi ko e loloa ange ʻa e moʻui ʻa e LEDs) mo e malava ke mapuleʻi ʻa e adaptive dimming, ʻoku faʻa totongi ʻe he fakakatoa ʻo e fakamole ki he ngaue ʻi loto ʻi he taʻu ʻe 5 ki he 7, hili ia ʻoku hokohoko atu hono fakahaofi ʻe he kolo ʻa e laui miliona fakataʻu.
