ʻOku mahulu atu ʻi he maama ki he tuʻunga tatau

ʻI he taimi ʻoku tau fakakaukau ai ki he maama lelei, ko e ʻuluaki meʻa ʻoku haʻu ki heʻetau fakakaukau ko e ngingila. ʻOku ʻi ai nai ha maama feʻunga ke sio lelei? Neongo ia, ʻoku ʻiloʻi ʻe he kau mataotao ʻo e mama mo e ngaahi kautaha tuʻunga moʻui ʻoku ʻikai feʻunga ʻa e maama ʻataʻata pe. ʻE lava ke maʻolunga ʻa e maama ʻo ha loki pe malaʻe sipoti ka ʻoku kei kovi pe ke sio pe ʻoku ʻikai tufaki tatau ʻa e maama ko ia. Fakakaukauloto ki ha feituʻu ngaue ʻoku ʻi ai ha maama ngingila ʻi ʻolunga kae ʻi ai ha ngaahi ʻata loloto ʻi he ngaahi tuliki. Pe ko ha malaʻe pasiketipolo ʻoku ulo ngingila ʻi lalo ʻi he ngaahi meʻa ka ʻoku poipoila ʻi he tafaʻaki. ʻOku quantified ʻa e fehalaaki ko ʻeni, ʻa e ʻikai ke potupotutatau, ʻe ha fakangatangata mahuʻinga ʻoku ʻiloa ko e uniformity ʻo e mama. Ko e meʻafua ko ʻeni, ʻa ia ʻoku ʻikai faʻa fakatokangaʻi ʻe he tokotaha angamaheni, ʻoku mahuʻinga ia ki he fiemalie, malu mo e ngaue. ʻOku ne puleʻi pe ʻoku ongoʻi fakalata pe fakamamahi ha feituʻu, pe ʻe lava ke fakahoko ha ngaue taʻe ongosia ʻi he mata, pea ʻe lava ke fakamafola ha sipoti ʻo ʻikai fakahohaʻasi ʻa e ngaahi ʻata. ʻE vakaiʻi fakaʻauliliki ʻe he fakahinohino ko ʻeni ʻa e fakakaukau ʻo e faitatau ʻo e mama, fakamatalaʻi hono fakaʻuhinga, hono fikaʻi fakafika, hono mahuʻinga ʻi he ngaahi polokalama kehekehe, pea mo e ngaahi tuʻunga fakavahaʻapuleʻanga ʻoku ne tuʻutuʻuni hono ngaahi tuʻunga ʻulungaanga mahuʻinga.

Ko e ha ʻa e fakaʻuhinga ʻo e faitatau ʻo e mama?

Ko e uniformity ʻo e maama ko ha meʻafua ia ʻo e tufaki tatau ʻo e mama ʻi ha funga pe feituʻu. ʻOku ne ʻomi ha mataʻifika ʻe taha ʻoku ne talamai ʻa e fekauʻaki ʻa e ngaahi feituʻu ngingila mo fakapoʻuli taha ʻi ha feituʻu. ʻI hono fotunga angamaheni mo faingofua taha, ʻoku fakaʻuhingaʻi ia ko e ratio ʻo e maama siʻisiʻi taha (Emin) ki he ʻavalisi ʻo e maama (Eavg) ʻi he funga ko ia. ʻOku fua ʻa e maama ʻi he lux, ʻa ia ko e lahi ʻo e maama ʻoku to ʻi ha fukahi ʻelia ʻi he ʻiuniti. Ko ia, ke fikaʻi ʻa e tefitoʻi uniformity ratio ko ʻeni, te ke toʻo ʻa e maama maʻulalo taha ʻoku fua ʻi ha feituʻu pe ʻi he grid ʻo e feituʻu ʻoku ke fakataumuʻa ki ai pea vahevahe ia ʻaki ʻa e ʻavalisi ʻo e ngaahi fua kotoa pe naʻe fai ʻi he feituʻu tatau pe. Ko e ola ko ha mahuʻinga ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e 0 mo e 1. ʻOku fakahaaʻi ʻe he tuʻunga ʻulungaanga mahuʻinga ʻo e uniformity ofi ange ki he 1, hange ko e 0.8 pe 0.9, ʻa e tufaki tatau ʻo e mama, ʻa ia ko e feituʻu fakapoʻuli taha ʻoku meimei ngingila tatau mo e ʻavalisi. Ko ha tuʻunga ʻulungaanga mahuʻinga ofi ange ki he noa, hange ko e 0.2 pe 0.3, ʻoku ne fakahaaʻi ʻa e ʻikai lelei ʻa e faitatau, mo e ngaahi kehekehe lahi mo e ngaahi feituʻu fakapoʻuli ʻaupito ʻi hono fakafehoanaki ki he ʻavalisi. ʻE maʻu ʻe ha maʻuʻanga maama ʻoku tatau ʻaupito ʻa e 1, ʻa ia ko hono ʻuhinga ʻoku tatau pe ʻa e maama ʻo e poini kotoa pe ʻi he funga. Ko hono moʻoni, ʻoku taʻemalava ke aʻusia ha 1 haohaoa, pea ʻoku fie maʻu ʻe he ngaahi polokalama kehekehe ʻa e ngaahi tuʻunga kehekehe ʻo e faitatau ke lau ʻoku tali pe lelei ʻaupito.

Ko e ha ʻa e U0 uniformity pea ʻoku fikaʻi fefe ia?

Ko e fakamatala angamaheni mo fakaʻofisiale taha ʻo e uniformity ʻo e maama ʻoku fakaʻilongaʻi ko e U0. Ko e fika pau ʻeni ʻoku fakamatalaʻi ʻi he ngaahi tuʻunga fakavahaʻapuleʻanga ʻo e maama hange ko e EN 12464-1 (Maama mo e maama – Maama ʻo e ngaahi feituʻu ngaue) mo e ngaahi fakahinohino kehekehe ki he maama sipoti. ʻOku fakaʻuhingaʻi pau ʻa e U0 ko e quotient ʻo e maama siʻisiʻi taha (Emin) mo e ʻavalisi ʻo e maama (Eavg) ʻi he feituʻu ngaue pau: U0 = Emin / Eavg. Hange ko ʻeni, kapau ʻoku ʻavalisi ʻa e maama ʻo ha malaʻe ʻakapulu ko e 1000 lux, ka ko e feituʻu fakapoʻuli taha ʻi he malaʻe ko e 500 lux pe, ko e uniformity U0 ko e 500 / 1000 = 0.5. ʻE fakamahinoʻi leva ʻe he tuʻunga moʻui ʻa e U0 siʻisiʻi taha ʻoku fie maʻu ki he tohi kole ko ia, hange ko ʻeni, U0 ≥mo e 0.7 ki he fakamafola TV fakapalofesinale. ʻOku ʻuhinga ʻeni ke talangofua ʻa e malaʻe ko ia, he ʻikai lava ke siʻi hifo hono feituʻu fakapoʻuli taha ʻi he 70% ʻo e ʻavalisi ʻo e mama. ʻOku fie maʻu ʻe hono fakapapauʻi ʻo e U0 ha grid matolu feʻunga ʻo e ngaahi tuʻunga ʻulungaanga mahuʻinga ʻo e maama ʻi he feituʻu kotoa. Kuo pau ke lelei feʻunga ʻa e grid ko ʻeni ke maʻu ʻa e maama siʻisiʻi taha moʻoni; Kapau ʻoku fuʻu fefeka ʻa e grid, mahalo ʻe ʻikai te ke maʻu ʻa e feituʻu fakapoʻuli taha pea fuʻu totuʻa ʻa e faitatau. ʻOku fikaʻi ʻe he polokalama fakakomipiuta makehe ki hono fokotuʻutuʻu ʻo e maama ʻa e ngaahi tuʻunga mahuʻinga ko ʻeni ʻo makatuʻunga ʻi ha grid simulated, lolotonga ia ʻoku fakaʻaongaʻi ʻe he kau ʻinisipekita ʻo e mama ʻa e meʻafua ʻo e maama ke fua ʻaki ʻa e ngaahi feituʻu kuo ʻosi fokotuʻutuʻu ke fakapapauʻi ʻa e talangofua ʻi he feituʻu.

Ko e ha ʻoku fuʻu mahuʻinga ai ʻa e faitatau ʻo e mama?

Ko e mahuʻinga ʻo e faitatau ʻoku tupu fakahangatonu ia mei he founga ʻoku sio mo ngaue ʻaki ʻe he sisitemi ʻo e tangata ʻa e mama. ʻOku liliu maʻu pe hotau mata ki he tuʻunga ʻo e maama ʻi he feituʻu ʻoku tau sio ki ai. ʻI he taimi ʻoku tau ʻi ha ʻatakai ʻoku ʻikai ke faitatau—ʻata loloto ofi ki he ngaahi feituʻu ngingila—kuo pau ke liliu maʻu pe ʻetau fanau ako ʻi heʻetau sio mei he feituʻu ʻe taha ki he feituʻu ʻe taha. ʻOku iku ʻa e liliu hokohoko ko ʻeni ki he ongosia ʻi he sio, ongosia ʻa e mata, mo e langa ʻulu ʻi ha vahaʻa taimi. ʻI ha ngaueʻanga, ʻe lava ke fakasiʻisiʻi ʻe he meʻa ni ʻa e tokanga mo e ola lelei. ʻI he tuʻunga ʻo e sipoti, ʻe lava ke ne uesia ʻa e ngaue ʻa ha tokotaha sipoti. Hange ko ʻeni, ko ha tokotaha vaʻinga soka ʻoku ne muimuiʻi ha foʻi pulu ʻi heʻene ngaʻunu mei ha feituʻu ʻoku maama lahi ki ha feituʻu ʻoku fakapoʻuli, ʻe lava ke ʻikai ke ne sio ki ai ʻi ha kiʻi sekoni mahuʻinga, ʻo uesia ai ʻenau malava ke fai ha vaʻinga. ʻOku ʻikai ko ha meʻa taʻefiemalie pe ʻeni; ko ha fakatuʻutamaki ia ki he malu. ʻIkai ngata ai, ʻe lava ʻe he ʻikai lelei ʻa e faitatau ʻo fakatupu ha ngaahi ʻatakai puputuʻu. ʻE lava ke fakapuliki ʻaupito ʻa e ngaahi fakaikiiki mahuʻinga ʻi he ngaahi feituʻu fakapoʻuli ange, ʻo fakatuʻutamaki ai ʻi he ngaahi feituʻu ngaueʻanga pe ʻi he ngaahi hala. ʻI he ngaahi feituʻu ʻoku fakataumuʻa ki he fakaʻofoʻofa, hange ko e fakatau fakamovetevete pe langa, ʻe lava ke maumauʻi ʻe he maama ʻa e meʻa naʻe fakataumuʻa ki ai, ʻo ʻai ha feituʻu ke ongoʻi ʻoku ʻikai fakaʻofoʻofa mo ʻikai lelei hono fokotuʻutuʻu. ʻOku fakapapauʻi ʻe he faitatau lelei ha aʻusia maʻu pe, fakafiemalie mo malu ʻi he sio, ʻo fakaʻata ai ʻa e kau nofo ʻi he feituʻu ke nau tokanga taha ki heʻenau ngaahi ngaue ʻo ʻikai tohoakiʻi pe helaʻia ʻi honau ʻatakai ʻo e mama.

ʻOku uesia fefe ʻe he faitaha ʻa e fiemalie mo e malu ʻo e sio?

ʻOku malohi ʻaupito ʻa e fehokotaki ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e faitatau mo e malu ʻi he ngaahi polokalama hange ko e maama hala mo e ngaahi feituʻu ngaue. ʻI ha hala, ʻoku liliu maʻu pe ʻa e mata ʻo e fakaʻuli ki he feliliuaki ʻa e maama ʻi muʻa. Kapau ʻoku ʻikai ke fuʻu faitatau ʻa e hala—ʻa e ngaahi kongokonga ngingila ʻi lalo ʻi he pou takitaha pea loloto mo fakapoʻuli ʻi honau vahaʻa—ʻe lava ke uesia ʻa e vakai ʻa e fakaʻuli. ʻI heʻenau hu atu ki ha feituʻu fakapoʻuli, ʻoku kamata ke liliu honau mata ki he maama maʻulalo, ka ʻoku fakafokifa pe ʻenau fehangahangai mo ha maama ngingila ʻo tupu ai ha ulo fakataimi mo e liliu ki ai. ʻE lava ʻe he "pulse" ko ʻeni ʻo e mama mo e fakapoʻuli ʻo fufuuʻi ʻa e ngaahi faingataʻa hange ko e lue lalo, fanga monumanu, pe veve. ʻOku hanga ʻe he faitaha maʻolunga ʻo toʻo ʻa e ola fakatuʻutamaki ko ʻeni ʻo e "zebra", ʻo ʻomi ha puipuituʻa pau ʻa ia ʻoku faingofua ange ai ʻa e sio ki ha faʻahinga faingataʻa. ʻI ha feituʻu ngaueʻanga pe fale tukuʻanga koloa, ʻoku mahuʻinga ʻa e maama tatau ki he malu. ʻE lava ke fufuuʻi ʻe he ngaahi ʻata loloto ʻi he faliki ʻo ha fale ngaue ʻa e ngaahi fakatuʻutamaki pe fakapuliki ʻa e ngaahi konga ngaue ʻo e misini. ʻI he ngaahi ngaue ʻoku fie maʻu ki ai ha ngaahi fakaikiiki lelei, hange ko e fokotuʻutuʻu pe sivi, ʻe lava ke fakatupu ʻe he taʻefeʻunga ʻo e mama ʻa e kau ngaue ke ʻikai ke ʻi ai ha ngaahi fehalaaki pe fai ha ngaahi fehalaaki. ʻOku faʻa fakamahinoʻi ʻa e uniformity siʻisiʻi taha ʻoku fokotuʻu atu ki he feituʻu ʻatakai ʻo ha ngaue ko e 0.40 pe maʻolunga ange, ʻo fakapapauʻi ʻoku maama feʻunga mo tatau ʻa e feituʻu takatakai ʻi he tokotaha ngaue, ʻo fakasiʻisiʻi ʻa e faikehekehe ʻi he ngaue mo hono puipuituʻa pea fakaʻehiʻehi mei he ngaahi fakatuʻutamaki.

Ko e ha ʻa e ngaahi fie maʻu angamaheni ki he uniformity ki he ngaahi tohi kole kehekehe?

ʻOku fie maʻu ʻe he ngaahi ngaue mo e ngaahi ʻatakai kehekehe ʻa e ngaahi tuʻunga kehekehe ʻo e faitatau ʻo e mama. ʻOku fokotuʻutuʻu ʻa e ngaahi fie maʻu ko ʻeni ʻi he ngaahi tuʻunga fakafonua mo fakavahaʻapuleʻanga ke fakapapauʻi ʻa e tuʻunga siʻisiʻi taha ʻo e malu mo e ngaue. Ko e tuʻunga moʻui ʻi ʻIulope ki he maama ʻi he ngaueʻanga, EN 12464-1, ko ha sipinga lelei ia. ʻOku ne ʻomi ha ngaahi tepile fakaikiiki ʻo e ngaahi fie maʻu ki he mama ki he ngaahi ngaue taʻefaʻalaua, mei he ngaue fakalukufua ʻi he ʻofisi ki he ʻenisinia totonu. Ki ha ʻofisi angamaheni, ʻa ia ʻoku laukonga mo tohi ai ʻa e kakai, ʻe ala fie maʻu ʻe he tuʻunga moʻui ha U0 ʻo ʻikai toe siʻi hifo ʻi he 0.6 ʻi he tafaʻaki ngaue ʻi he taimi ni. ʻE fie maʻu ha faitaha maʻolunga ange ki ha loki konifelenisi, ʻa ia ʻoku mahuʻinga ai ʻa e fetuʻutaki ki he sio. ʻI he ngaahi feituʻu ngaueʻanga, ʻoku makatuʻunga ʻa e uniformity ʻoku fie maʻu ʻi he tonu ʻo e ngaue. Ki he ngaue lelei mo fakaikiiki, ʻe lava ke tuʻutuʻuni ha U0 ʻo e 0.7 pe maʻolunga ange ke fakapapauʻi ʻoku ʻikai ha ʻata te ne fakapuliki ʻa e ngaue. Ki he maama sipoti, ʻoku toe fefeka ange ʻa e ngaahi fie maʻu, tautautefito ki he ngaahi polokalama televisone. Hange ko ʻeni, ʻoku ʻi ai ha ngaahi fie maʻu pau ʻa e FIFA ki he faitatau ki he ngaahi malaʻe vaʻinga ʻakapulu, ʻoku faʻa fie maʻu ke U0 ʻo e 0.7 pe maʻolunga ange ʻi he malaʻe kotoa ke fakapapauʻi ʻoku lelei ʻa e fakamafola ʻo ʻikai fakahohaʻasi ʻa e kau vaʻinga mo e foʻi pulu. ʻOku ʻikai taʻeʻaonga ʻa e ngaahi tuʻunga moʻui ko ʻeni; ʻOku makatuʻunga ia ʻi he fakatotolo lahi ki he ngaue mo e malu ʻa e tangata, ʻo ʻomi ai ha tuʻunga mahuʻinga ki he kau faʻu maama mo e kau pule ʻo e fale.

ʻOku anga fefe hono tauhi ʻo e faitaha ʻi ha vahaʻa taimi?

Ko e taha ʻo e ngaahi faingataʻa ʻi he palani ʻo e mama ko e uniformity ʻoku ʻikai ko ha meʻa ʻoku tuʻu maʻu; ʻoku holoki ia ʻi ha vahaʻa taimi. ʻOku hoko ʻa e holoki ko ʻeni ʻi ha ʻuhinga lalahi ʻe ua: ko e holoa ʻo e maama mo e maumau fakafoʻituitui ʻa e mama. ʻI he motuʻa ʻa e ngaahi maama kotoa pe, ʻoku holo mamalie ʻenau mama. Neongo ia, kapau ʻe vave ange ʻa e holo ko ʻeni ʻi ha maama ʻe taha ʻi he ngaahi maama kehe, ʻe uesia ʻa e faitatau. Ko e meʻa mahuʻinga ange, kapau ʻe maumau ha maama ʻe taha ʻi ha maama lahi pe maama ʻe taha ʻi ha maama lahi, ʻe lava ke ne fakatupu ha feituʻu fakapoʻuli fakafeituʻu, ʻo fakasiʻisiʻi ʻaupito ʻa e maama siʻisiʻi taha pea mo e faitatau. ʻOku fakamatalaʻi ʻeni ʻe he ngaahi tuʻunga moʻui ʻaki hono haʻi ʻa e faitatau ki he taimi-tepile ki hono tokangaʻi. Kuo pau ke fakakakato ʻa e fie maʻu ki he maama siʻisiʻi taha mo e uniformity siʻisiʻi taha ʻi ha faʻahinga taimi pe lolotonga e moʻui ʻa e fola. ʻOku ʻuhinga ʻeni ko e taimi pe ʻoku to ai ʻa e faitatau ʻi lalo ʻi he tuʻunga ʻoku fie maʻu—hange ko ʻeni, koeʻuhi kuo holo vave ange ʻa e maama siʻisiʻi taha ʻi he ʻavalisi koeʻuhi ko ha ngaahi maama siʻisiʻi ʻoku maumau—kuo pau ke fai hono tokangaʻi. ʻE lava ke kau heni ʻa hono fakamaʻa ʻo e ngaahi mama, ʻa ia ʻe lava ke toe fakafoki mai ai ha ngaahi mama, pe fetongi ʻa e ngaahi maama kuo maumau pe maumau. ʻI he ngaahi fola lalahi, ʻoku faʻa hoko ʻa e retorching fakakulupu (fetongi ʻa e ngaahi maama kotoa pe ʻi he taimi pe taha) ko e founga lelei taha ia ke toe fakafoki mai ʻa e tuʻunga ʻo e maama mo e faitatau ki honau ʻuluaki fokotuʻutuʻu, ʻo fakaʻehiʻehi mei he maama ʻoku ʻikai tatau mo taʻetatau ʻoku tupu mei hono fetongi ʻo e feituʻu.

Ngaahi Tafaʻaki Mahuʻinga ʻo e Uniformity ʻo e Maama

ʻOku fakamatalaʻi fakanounou ʻe he tepile ko ʻeni ʻa e ngaahi tefitoʻi fakakaukau mo e ngaahi fie maʻu fekauʻaki mo e uniformity ʻo e mama.

Ko hono fakaʻosi, ko e faitatau ʻo e maama ko ha tafaʻaki mahuʻinga ia ʻo e tuʻunga lelei ʻo e mama. Ko e faikehekehe ia ʻo ha feituʻu ʻoku ongoʻi fiemalie mo malu pea mo ha feituʻu ʻoku ne fakatupu ʻa e ongosia ʻi he sio mo fufuuʻi ʻa e ngaahi fakatuʻutamaki ʻe ala hoko. ʻI he mahino ʻa e fakaʻuhinga ʻo e U0, ʻa e ngaahi tuʻunga moʻui ʻoku ne tuʻutuʻuni ia, mo e ngaahi ʻuhinga ki hono mahuʻinga, ʻe lava ke fai ʻe he kau fokotuʻutuʻu ʻo e mama, kau pule ʻo e fale, pea naʻa mo kinautolu ʻoku nau fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni ʻoku ʻilo lelei ange, ʻo faʻu ha ngaahi ʻatakai ʻoku ʻikai ngata pe ʻi he ngingila, ka ʻoku maama lelei mo maama tatau.

Ngaahi Fehuʻi ʻOku Faʻa ʻEke Fekauʻaki mo e Uniformity ʻo e Maama

Ko e ha ʻa e faikehekehe ʻo e U0 mo e U1?

Ko e meʻafua angamaheni taha ko e U0, ʻa ia ʻoku fakaʻuhingaʻi ko e Emin / Eavg. Neongo ia, ʻoku ʻi ai ha meʻafua ʻe taha, ʻoku faʻa ui he taimi ʻe niʻihi ko e U1, ʻoku fakaʻuhingaʻi ia ko e Emin / Emax (vahevahe siʻisiʻi taha ʻaki ʻa e maama lahi taha). Ko e U1 ko ha meʻafua fefeka ange, he ʻoku ne fakafehoanaki ʻa e feituʻu fakapoʻuli taha ki he feituʻu ngingila taha. Neongo ʻoku lahi ange hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo e U0 ʻi he ngaahi tuʻunga hange ko e EN 12464-1, ʻoku fakatou ʻomi ʻe he ongo meʻa ni ha ngaahi fakakaukau mahuʻinga ki he tufaki tatau ʻo e mama.

ʻOku fua fefe ʻa e faitatau ʻo e maama ʻi hono ngaueʻaki?

ʻOku fakafuofuaʻi ʻa e faitatau ʻaki hono tomuʻa fokotuʻu ha grid ʻo e ngaahi meʻafua ʻi he feituʻu ʻoku mahuʻingaʻia ai. ʻOku fakaʻaongaʻi leva ha meʻafua ʻo e maama ke fua ʻaki ʻa e maama ʻi he feituʻu takitaha ʻo e grid. ʻOku fikaʻi ʻa e tuʻunga mahuʻinga siʻisiʻi taha (Emin) mo e ʻavalisi ʻo e ngaahi tuʻunga mahuʻinga kotoa pe (Eavg). Ko e uniformity U0 ko e Emin pe ia ʻoku vahevahe ʻe he Eavg. Kuo pau ke lelei feʻunga ʻa e vahaʻa ʻo e grid ke maʻu ʻa e maama siʻisiʻi taha moʻoni.

Ko e ha ʻoku mahuʻinga ai ʻa e faitatau ki he maama sipoti?

ʻOku mahuʻinga ʻa e faitaha ʻi he sipoti ki he ngaue ʻa e kau vaʻinga mo e fakamafola televisone. ʻOku fie maʻu ʻe he kau vaʻinga ha maama ke muimuiʻi totonu ʻa e ngaʻunu ʻa e foʻi pulu kae ʻoua naʻa mole ia ʻi he fakapoʻuli. Ki he TV, ʻoku hanga ʻe he ʻikai faitatau ʻo fakahohaʻasi ʻa e maama mo e fakapoʻuli ʻi he malaʻe, ʻo ʻai ke ngali taʻefakapalofesinale ʻa e fakamafola pea faingataʻa ai ke muimui ʻa e kau mamata ki he meʻa ʻoku fai. Ko e uniformity maʻolunga (angamaheni U0 ≥ 0.7) ko ha fie maʻu mahuʻinga ia ki he ngaahi polokalama televisone.