Ko e ʻuhinga ʻoku mahuʻinga ai hono siviʻi ʻo e voltage maʻolunga ki he malu ʻo e LED Luminaire

Ko e maama LED kotoa pe ʻoku mavahe mei ha fale ngaue pea fokotuʻu ʻi ha ʻapi, ʻofisi, pe malaʻe vaʻinga kuo pau ke ne aʻusia ʻa e ngaahi tuʻunga malu fefeka. ʻOku kau ʻi he mahuʻinga taha ʻo e ngaahi meʻa ni ʻa e sivi ʻo e voltage maʻolunga, ʻa ia ʻoku faʻa ui ko e sivi malohi ʻo e dielectric pe sivi hipot. ʻOku ʻikai ʻuhinga ʻa e sivi ko ʻeni ke vakaiʻi pe ʻoku ngaue ʻa e mama, ka ke fakapapauʻi ʻe ʻikai hoko ia ko ha fakatuʻutamaki ʻi he ngaahi tuʻunga ʻo e fehalaaki. Ko e tefitoʻi moʻoni mahuʻinga ke fakapapauʻi ʻoku feʻunga ʻa e insulation ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e ngaahi konga ʻuhila moʻui mo ha faʻahinga konga conductive (hange ko e fale ukamea) ke maluʻi ʻa e kau fakaʻaongaʻi mei he ʻuhila. ʻOku ne fakatataaʻi ʻa e mafasia ʻo e voltage spikes mo e surges ʻe lava ke hoko ʻi he grid ʻuhila, hange ko ia ʻoku fakatupu ʻe he tapa ʻa e ʻuhila pe ngaahi meʻa ʻoku hoko. ʻI hono fakaʻaongaʻi ha voltage ʻoku maʻolunga ange ʻi he maama ʻi he ngaue angamaheni, ʻoku teke ʻe he sivi ʻa e insulation ki hono ngataʻanga ʻi ha founga ʻoku mapuleʻi. Kapau ʻoku ʻi ai ha vaivai—ko ha ava ʻi he fakatahaʻanga, ko ha feituʻu manifi ʻi he pelesitiki, ko ha hala totolo ʻoku fuʻu nounou—ʻe fakatupu ʻe he voltage maʻolunga ha maumau, ʻo fakatupu ha arc pe fakaʻata ʻa e ʻau ke tafe mai ʻo fuʻu totuʻa. ʻOku ʻiloʻi ʻeni ʻe he sivi, pea ʻoku ʻikai tali ʻa e maama maumau kimuʻa pea toki aʻu ki ha kasitomaa. Ki he ngaahi kautaha hange ko e OAK LED, ʻoku ʻikai ko ha puha pe ke vakaiʻi ʻa e tohi fakamoʻoni; Ko ha konga mahuʻinga ia ʻo e tukupa ke faʻu ha ngaahi koloa malu mo falalaʻanga ʻoku ne maluʻi ʻa kinautolu ʻoku nau fakaʻaongaʻi mo pukepuke ʻa e ongoongo ʻo e kautaha ki he tuʻunga lelei.

Ko e ha ʻoku fakahoko ai ʻa e ngaahi sivi ʻo e voltage maʻolunga ʻi he LED luminaires?

ʻOku ʻi ai ha tefitoʻi ʻuhinga ʻe ua ki hono siviʻi ʻo e maama LED kotoa pe. Ko e ʻuluaki ʻuhinga ʻoku fekauʻaki hangatonu ia mo e malu ʻa e tangata. ʻI he taimi ʻoku fuofua fakamoʻui ai ha mama, pe ʻi he taimi ʻoku ʻi ai ha fakahohaʻasi ʻi he grid ʻuhila, ʻe lava ke moʻulaloa ʻa e meʻangaue ʻoku fakafehokotaki ki he pulses maʻolunga ʻi he taimi pe ko ia. ʻI he malumalu ʻo e ngaahi tuʻunga faingataʻa ko ʻeni, ʻoku faingataʻaʻia ai ʻa e insulation ʻi loto ʻi he mama. Kapau ʻoku ʻikai feʻunga ʻa e insulation ʻe lava ke maumau, ʻo fakaʻata ai ha tafe fakatuʻutamaki ki he fale ukamea pe ngaahi konga kehe ʻoku lava ke aʻu ki ai. Kapau ʻe ala ha taha ki he fale ko ʻeni lolotonga ʻene tuʻu ʻi he kelekele, ʻe lava ke hoko ʻa e lulu ʻa e ʻuhila ʻo fakatupu ha lavea lahi pe aʻu ʻo mate. ʻOku fakapapauʻi ʻe he sivi ʻo e voltage maʻolunga ʻi he malumalu ʻo e ngaahi tuʻunga ko ʻeni ʻo e loto mafasia, ʻoku kei maʻulalo pe ʻa e leakage lolotonga ʻi ha tuʻunga malu, ʻo fakapapauʻi ʻoku ʻomi ʻe he insulation ʻo e koloa ha ʻa vahevahe lelei ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e tokotaha fakaʻaongaʻi mo e voltages mate. Ko e ʻuhinga hono ua ke fakapapauʻi ʻa e tuʻunga totonu mo e ola lelei ʻo e palani mo e fakatahatahaʻi ʻo e koloa. Ko e sivi ko ʻeni ko ha meʻangaue malohi ia ki hono puleʻi ʻo e tuʻunga lelei ʻa ia te ne lava ʻo ʻiloʻi ha ngaahi fehalaaki kehekehe ʻi hono ngaohiʻanga koloa. Hange ko ʻeni, kapau ʻoku fuʻu siʻisiʻi ʻa e ngaahi ava ʻo e fale nofoʻanga, pe kapau ʻoku ʻikai fenapasi ʻa e ngaahi konga pelesitiki, ʻe lava ke uesia ʻa e mamaʻo ʻo e insulation ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e ngaahi konga moʻui mo e fale. ʻE fakahaaʻi ʻe he sivi ʻo e voltage maʻolunga ʻa e vaivai ko ʻeni. ʻIkai ngata ai, ʻoku ne fakapapauʻi ʻe lava ʻe he ngaahi naunau ʻoku fakaʻaongaʻi, tautautefito ki he pelesitiki, ʻo matuʻuaki ʻa e mafasia fakaʻuhila ʻo ʻikai vaia, deforming, pe maumau ʻi he ngaahi tukunga angamaheni, ʻa ia ʻe uesia ai ʻa e ngaue taimi loloa ʻo e mama. ʻOku ʻomi ʻe he lavaʻi ʻo e sivi ʻo e voltage maʻolunga ʻa e falala ʻoku fakatou malu ke fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e maama pea ʻoku faʻu fefeka.

Ko e ha ʻa e ngaahi fie maʻu angamaheni ki he sivi ʻo e voltage maʻolunga ki he LED luminaires?

ʻOku ʻikai taʻefakangatangata ʻa e ngaahi fakangatangata pau ʻo ha sivi voltage-maʻolunga—ʻa e tuʻunga ʻo e voltage, loloa, mo e leakage ʻoku tali. ʻOku fakaʻuhingaʻi kinautolu ʻe he ngaahi tuʻunga malu fakavahaʻapuleʻanga hange ko e IEC 60598 (ki he ngaahi mama) mo e IEC 61347 (ki he naunau ki hono puleʻi ʻo e mama). Ki ha maama angamaheni ʻo e Class I (ʻa ia ʻoku ʻi ai ha fale ukamea kuo pau ke fakafehokotaki ki he kelekele ʻo e mamani), ko e voltage sivi angamaheni ko e 1500V AC. Ki he ngaahi maama ʻo e Kalasi II (ʻa ia ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e insulation ʻe ua pe fakamalohia pea ʻikai fie maʻu ha fehokotakiʻanga ʻo e kelekele), ʻoku angamaheni ʻaki ke maʻolunga ange ʻa e voltage ʻo e sivi, ʻo faʻa 3000V AC pe 4000V AC. ʻOku lave ʻa e sipinga ʻoku ʻomi ʻi he ʻuluaki fakamatala ki ha sivi 2500V, ʻa ia ʻe fakaʻaongaʻi ki ha faʻahinga maama pe konga pau. Ko e loloa ʻo e sivi ko e miniti ʻe 1 ki hono siviʻi ʻo e faʻahinga (fakamoʻoniʻi ʻo ha faʻufaʻu) ka ʻe lava ke fakasiʻisiʻi ki he sekoni ʻe 1 ki hono siviʻi ʻo e laine ngaohiʻanga koloa, mo ha voltage maʻolunga ange. Lolotonga ʻa e sivi, ʻoku fakaʻaongaʻi ha voltage maʻolunga ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e ngaahi konga moʻui (L mo e N fehokotaki fakataha) mo e ngaahi konga conductive ʻoku lava ke maʻu (hange ko e fale ukamea). ʻOku fua ʻe he hipot tester ha faʻahinga ʻau pe ʻoku tafe ʻi he insulation. ʻOku faʻa ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e milliamps siʻisiʻi (mA) ʻa e leakage ʻoku tali, ʻa ia ʻoku faʻa fakamahinoʻi ʻoku siʻi hifo ʻi he 5mA, 3.5mA, pe naʻa mo e 1mA ki he ngaahi meʻangaue pelepelengesi ʻaupito. Kapau ʻoku lahi ange ʻa e leakage lolotonga ʻi he fakangatangata ko ʻeni, ʻe fakatokanga ʻa e tester, pea ʻikai lava ʻa e maama ʻi he sivi. ʻOku fakahaaʻi ʻe he meʻa ni ʻoku ʻikai feʻunga ʻa e insulation pea ʻoku malava ke ʻikai malu ʻa e koloa. ʻOku fakapapauʻi foki ʻe he sivi ʻoku maʻu ʻe he ngaahi naunau pelesitiki ʻoku fakaʻaongaʻi ki he fale mo e insulator ʻi loto ʻa e malohi ʻo e dielectric ʻoku fie maʻu pea ʻe ʻikai maumau pe deform ʻi he malumalu ʻo e mafasia fakaʻuhila ko ʻeni, ʻa ia ʻoku mahuʻinga ki hono tauhi ʻo e malu ʻi he kotoa ʻo e moʻui ʻa e koloa.

Founga ke fakahoko ai ha sivi ʻo e voltage maʻolunga ʻi ha maama LED: Ko ha founga sitepu ki he sitepu

ʻOku fie maʻu ʻa e founga tokanga ke fakapapauʻi ʻoku tonu ʻa e sivi mo e malu ʻa e tokotaha ngaue ki hono fakahoko totonu ʻo ha sivi voltage. Ko ha fakahinohino ʻeni ʻo makatuʻunga ʻi he ngaahi founga angamaheni, ʻo fakaʻaongaʻi ha sivi hipot angamaheni. ʻUluaki, teuteuʻi ʻa e hipot tester ʻaki hono fakafehokotaki ʻa e plug ʻuhila ki ha "220V" ʻoku feʻunga mo e ʻuhila (pe ko e voltage totonu ki he tester) pea fakamoʻui ʻa e tefitoʻi meʻa kamosi ʻuhila ʻo e tester. Tuku ke mafana ʻa e tokotaha sivi kapau ʻe fie maʻu. Ua, fokotuʻutuʻu ʻa e settings ʻo e tester. Makatuʻunga ʻi he ngaahi tuʻunga pau ki he maama ʻoku siviʻi, fokotuʻu ʻa e output "voltage" (e.g., 2500V AC), ko e "taimi" ʻo e sivi (e.g., sekoni ʻe 1 pe miniti ʻe 1), mo e tuʻunga ʻo e "leakage current" (e.g., 5 mA) ʻo fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e dials totonu pe ngaahi meʻa fakaʻilekitulonika ʻi he misini. Tolu, fakahoko ha vakaiʻi ʻo e meʻa sivi ke fakapapauʻi ʻoku ngaue totonu. Ko ha sitepu mahuʻinga ʻeni. Toʻo ʻa e vaʻa ʻo e probe voltage maʻolunga pea ala nounou ki he kelekele (GND) pe fehokotakiʻanga ʻo e kelekele ʻo e tester. Kapau ʻoku ngaue lelei ʻa e tester, ʻe hanga ʻe he circuit nounou ko ʻeni ʻo fakatupu ʻene fakatokanga he taimi pe ko ia, ʻo fakahaaʻi ai ʻoku ngaue ʻa e circuitry ʻoku ʻiloʻi ai ʻa e fehalaaki. Kapau ʻoku ʻikai ke fakatokanga, mahalo ʻoku fehalaaki ʻa e meʻa sivi pea ʻoku ʻikai totonu ke fakaʻaongaʻi. Faa, fakahoko ʻa e maama ʻoku siviʻi. Fokotuʻu ʻa e ngaahi pine palaki ʻo e maama pe ko hono ngaahi taki ʻuhila ʻoku hu mai ke fetuʻutaki malohi mo e ngataʻanga ʻo e fakavaʻe ʻo e tokotaha sivi, ʻa ia ʻoku faʻa hoko ko ha peleti ukamea pe ko ha socket makehe. ʻOku fakafehokotaki ʻe he meʻa ni ʻa e circuit moʻui ʻi loto ʻo e maama ki he output ʻo e voltage maʻolunga. Nima, fakahoko ʻa e sivi. ʻI hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo e vaʻakau ʻo e sivi voltage (ʻa ia ʻoku moʻui mo e voltage ʻo e sivi), ala malohi mo nounou ki ha konga ukamea pe ʻo e fale ʻo e mama, pe ki ha faʻahinga konga conductive ʻe lava ke maʻu ʻe ha taha ʻoku ne fakaʻaongaʻi. Kuo pau ke fetuʻutaki lelei ʻa e fakatotolo. Vakaiʻi ʻa e sivi ʻo e hipot. Kapau ʻoku ʻikai fakatokanga ʻa e tester pea fakakakato ʻa e siakale ʻo e sivi, ʻoku fakahaaʻi ʻe he meʻa ni naʻe kei maʻu pe ʻa e insulation pea kei maʻulalo pe ʻa e leakage lolotonga ʻi he tuʻunga kuo fokotuʻu. Kuo lavaʻi ʻe he maama ʻa e sivi ʻo e voltage maʻolunga. Kapau ʻoku fakatokanga ʻa e tokotaha sivi ʻi ha faʻahinga taimi, kuo ʻikai ola lelei ʻa e sivi, ʻo fakahaaʻi ai ha maumau pe fuʻu totuʻa, pea kuo pau ke fakafisingaʻi ʻa e maama ke toe fakatotoloʻi mo toe ngaue foʻou. ʻOku fakapapauʻi ʻe he founga ko ʻeni ʻoku vakaiʻi fefeka ʻa e maama kotoa pe ki he malu fakaʻuhila.

Mahino ʻa e Ngaue ʻa e Insulation mo e Ngaahi Founga ʻe Ala Hoko

Ko e sivi ʻo e voltage maʻolunga ko hano fakafuofuaʻi ia ʻo e founga insulation ʻo e luminaire. ʻOku ʻikai ko ha konga pe ʻe taha ʻa e polokalama ko ʻeni ka ko hano fakatahaʻi ʻo e ngaahi naunau, mamaʻo, mo e tuʻunga lelei ʻo e fakatahaʻanga. Ke fakalaka ʻa e mamaʻo, kuo pau ke ʻi ai ha mamaʻo feʻunga ʻo e fakaʻata mo e totolo. Ko e fakaʻata ko e mamaʻo nounou taha ia ʻi he ʻea ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e ongo konga conductive, lolotonga ia ko e totolo ko e mamaʻo nounou taha ia ʻi he funga ʻo ha meʻa insulating. ʻOku fakamahinoʻi ʻe he ngaahi tuʻunga moʻui ʻa e mamaʻo siʻisiʻi taha ʻo makatuʻunga ʻi he voltage ngaue mo e tuʻunga ʻo e ʻuli ʻi he ʻatakai. ʻOku fakapapauʻi ʻe he sivi ʻo e voltage maʻolunga ʻoku feʻunga ʻa e mamaʻo ko ʻeni, ʻo hange ko ia ʻoku fakahoko ʻi he koloa fakatuʻasino. ʻE lava ke hoko ha taʻelavameʻa ʻi ha ngaahi ʻuhinga kehekehe. Ko e meʻa mahino taha ko ha short circuit fakahangatonu, ʻa ia ʻoku tau ai ha uaea he pe ko ha konga ʻoku ʻikai fokotuʻu lelei ki he fale. Ko e ʻuhinga angamaheni ʻe taha ko e ʻikai feʻunga ʻa e fakaʻata; Kapau ʻoku fuʻu vaofi ʻa e ongo fakaʻilonga ʻe ua ʻi ha circuit board, ʻe lava ke ʻasi ʻa e voltage maʻolunga ʻi he ʻea ʻi hona vahaʻa. ʻE lava foki ke hoko ha maumau ʻo e meʻa insulating kapau ʻoku ʻi ai ha ava ʻi he pelesitiki, fuʻu manifi, pe siʻisiʻi ʻa e malohi ʻo e dielectric. ʻE lava ke fakatupu ʻe he hauhau pe ʻuli ʻi he fukahi insulator ha hala conductive, ʻo iku ki he fuʻu leakage ʻi he hala totolo. Ko e ʻuhinga ʻeni ʻoku mahuʻinga ai ʻa e hauhau mo e maʻa lolotonga ʻa e fakatahaʻanga. Ko ha fakaʻilonga mahuʻinga ʻa e ʻikai ola lelei ʻi he sivi voltage maʻolunga ʻoku tuhu ki ha vaivaiʻanga pau ʻi he palani pe founga ngaohi, ʻo fakaʻata ai ʻa e kau ʻenisinia ke nau fakatotoloʻi ʻa e palopalema mo fakahoko ha ngaahi ngaue fakatonutonu ke fakaleleiʻi ʻa e tuʻunga lelei mo e malu fakalukufua ʻo e koloa. Ko e fakamaau fakaʻosi ia pe ʻoku ʻaonga moʻoni ʻa e ʻa maluʻi.

Ngaahi Fehuʻi ʻOku Faʻa ʻEke Fekauʻaki mo hono Siviʻi ʻo e Voltage Maʻolunga ʻo e Maama LED

ʻOku fakatuʻutamaki ki he tokotaha ngaue ʻa e sivi ʻo e voltage maʻolunga?

ʻIo, ʻoku kau ʻi he sivi ʻo e voltage maʻolunga ʻa e voltages ʻe lava ke fakatupu mate pea kuo pau ke fakahoko maʻu pe ia ʻe ha kau ngaue kuo akoʻi ʻo fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e ngaahi protocols totonu ki he malu. ʻOku ʻikai totonu ke ala ʻa e kau ngaue ki he tumuʻaki ʻo e fekumi pe maama ʻoku fehokotaki lolotonga ha sivi. ʻOku fakataumuʻa ʻa e ngaahi sivi hipot ʻo onoponi ʻaki ʻa e safety interlocks pea te nau faʻa tamateʻi ʻa e output ʻi he taimi pe ko ia kapau ʻe ʻiloʻi ha fehalaaki, ka ʻoku matuʻaki mahuʻinga ʻaupito ʻa e talangofua ki he ngaahi founga malu, kau ai hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo e insulated probes mo tauhi ha mamaʻo malu.

ʻE lava ke maumauʻi ʻe ha sivi voltage maʻolunga ha maama LED lelei?

ʻI he taimi ʻoku fakahoko totonu ai ʻo fakatatau ki he ngaahi tuʻunga moʻui pea ʻi he vahaʻa taimi ʻoku fakamahinoʻi, ʻoku ʻikai totonu ke maumauʻi ʻe ha sivi voltage maʻolunga ha maama naʻe fokotuʻutuʻu mo langa totonu. ʻOku fakataumuʻa ʻa e voltage ʻo e sivi ke ne fakamafasiaʻi ʻa e insulation ʻo ʻikai fakatupu ha maumau ki ai. Neongo ia, ʻe lava ke holoki ʻa e insulation ʻi ha vahaʻa taimi. Ko e ʻuhinga ʻeni ʻoku faʻa fai ai ʻa e ngaahi sivi ʻo e laine ngaohi ʻi ha voltage maʻolunga ange ʻi ha taimi nounou ange (e.g., sekoni ʻe 1) ke maʻu ʻa e tuʻunga tatau ʻo e falala ʻo ʻikai fakamamafaʻi ʻa e koloa.

Ko e ha ʻa e faikehekehe ʻi he sivi ʻo e AC mo e DC hipot?

ʻE lava ke fakaʻaongaʻi fakatouʻosi ʻa e AC mo e DC voltages ki hono siviʻi ʻo e hipot. ʻOku angamaheni ange hono siviʻi ʻo e AC ki he ngaahi maama ʻoku fakaʻaongaʻi ʻe he mains he ʻoku ne fakamamafaʻi ʻa e insulation ʻi he ongo polarities fakatouʻosi, ʻo tatau mo e ngaahi tuʻunga moʻoni ʻo e AC. ʻOku faʻa fakaʻaongaʻi he taimi ʻe niʻihi ʻa e sivi DC ki he capacitances maʻolunga ʻaupito, he ʻoku ʻikai ke ne tohoakiʻi ha fuʻu malohi ʻo e charge. ʻOku ʻikai tatau fakahangatonu ʻa e voltages ʻo e sivi; hange ko ʻeni, ʻoku faʻa pehe ʻoku tatau ʻa e sivi 1500V AC mo ha sivi 2121V DC. ʻE tuʻutuʻuni ʻe he tuʻunga pau ki he koloa ʻa e faʻahinga sivi mo e voltage ke fakaʻaongaʻi.