Ko e ʻuhinga ʻoku mahuʻinga ai ʻa e ngaahi tohi fakamoʻoni ki he malu ʻi Siamane ʻi he maketi fakaemamani lahi

ʻOku ʻikai ngata pe ʻi he mahuʻinga ʻo e mahino ʻa e tuʻunga ʻo e ngaahi tohi fakamoʻoni malu—ʻoku mahuʻinga ia ki he hu ki he maketi mo e falala ʻa e kau fakatau. ʻOku ʻiloa fuoloa ʻa Siamane ʻi he tuʻunga lelei mo e tuʻunga malu, pea ʻoku mahulu atu ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻilonga fakamoʻoni ʻi hono ngaahi kauʻafonua. Ko e ua ʻo e ngaahi fakaʻilonga ʻiloa mo fakaʻapaʻapaʻi taha ko e fakaʻilonga GS mo e VDE. Neongo ʻoku faʻa lave fakataha kinautolu pea fakatou haʻu mei Siamane, ko ha ngaahi tohi fakamoʻoni kehekehe ia ʻoku kehekehe hono ʻuhinga, lahi mo e ngaahi makatuʻunga fakalao. Ko e fakaʻilonga GS ko ha tohi fakamoʻoni malu fakalukufua ia ki ha ngaahi koloa kehekehe, lolotonga ia ko e fakaʻilonga VDE ʻoku fakatefito ia ki he ʻuhila, fakaʻilekitulonika mo e ngaahi meʻa fekauʻaki mo ia. Ki he importers, exporters, mo e consumers, ko e ngaahi fakaʻilonga ko ʻeni ko ha fakaʻilonga malohi ia kuo siviʻi ha koloa ʻe ha faʻahi tauʻataina mo tuʻu ʻi ha tafaʻaki pea kuo ʻiloʻi ʻoku ne aʻusia ʻa e ngaahi fie maʻu fefeka ki he malu. ʻOku nau fakafofongaʻi ha tukupa ki he tuʻunga lelei mo e malu ʻa ia te ne lava ʻo fakafaikehekeheʻi ha koloa ʻi ha maketi femoʻuekina. ʻE fakamatalaʻi ʻe he fakahinohino ko ʻeni ʻa e ʻuhinga, tupuʻanga, mo e mahuʻinga ʻo e ngaahi tohi fakamoʻoni GS mo e VDE, ʻo tokoniʻi koe ke ke fononga ʻi he mamani faingataʻa ʻo e talangofua ki he koloa.

Ko e ha ʻa e tohi fakamoʻoni GS pea ko e ha ʻene ʻuhinga ki ha koloa?

Ko e fakaʻilonga GS, ʻa ia ʻoku ʻuhinga ki he "Geprüfte Sicherheit" (Siamane ki he "Tested Safety"), ko ha fakaʻilonga tauʻataina ia ki he maluʻi ʻo Siamane. ʻOku ʻuhinga ia kuo siviʻi ha koloa ʻe ha kautaha tauʻataina mo siviʻi ʻa e fenapasi pea ʻoku ne aʻusia ʻa e ngaahi fie maʻu ʻa e German Product Safety Act (ProdSG) pea pehe ki he ngaahi tuʻunga moʻui ʻi ʻIulope pe fakavahaʻapuleʻanga. ʻOku mahuʻinga ke mahino ʻoku ʻikai ko ha fakaʻilonga pau ʻa e GS. Ko e fiemaʻu pau ki he ngaahi koloa ʻoku fakatau atu ʻi he ʻIunioni ʻo ʻIulope ko e fakaʻilonga CE, ʻa ia ko ha fakamatala pe ia ʻe he kautaha naʻa nau faʻu. Neongo ia, ko e fakaʻilonga GS ko ha differentiator malohi. Koeʻuhi ʻoku kau ai hono siviʻi ʻe ha faʻahi tauʻataina, ʻoku ne ʻomi ha tuʻunga maʻolunga ange ʻo e fakapapau mo e falala ʻi he fakaʻilonga CE naʻa ne fakahaaʻi pe ʻe ia. Ki he kau fakatau mo e kau fakatau fakapalofesinale ʻi Siamane mo ʻIulope, ko e fakaʻilonga GS ko ha fakaʻilonga ʻiloa mo falalaʻanga ia ʻo e malu ʻo e koloa. ʻOku makatuʻunga ʻa e sivi ʻi he ngaahi tuʻunga moʻui ʻa ʻIulope (EN) pe, ʻi he ngaahi meʻa ʻe niʻihi, ko e ngaahi tuʻunga moʻui fakangaueʻanga ʻa Siamane (DIN). ʻOku kau ʻi he founga ko ʻeni hano siviʻi fakaʻauliliki ʻo e fokotuʻutuʻu, faʻu, mo e fakaʻilonga ʻo e koloa ke fakapapauʻi ʻoku ʻikai fakatuʻutamaki ki he tokotaha ʻoku ne fakaʻaongaʻi. ʻOku faʻa hoko foki ʻa e sivi maʻu pe ʻo e fale ngaohiʻanga koloa ko ha konga ʻo e tohi fakamoʻoni ke fakapapauʻi ʻoku hokohoko atu ʻa e tuʻunga lelei ʻo e ngaohi. ʻOku ʻoange ʻe ha koloa ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e fakaʻilonga GS ki he kau kasitomaa ʻa e falala kuo fakapapauʻi ʻe ha mataotao ʻa ʻene malu, ʻa ia ʻe lava ke hoko ko ha faingamalie feʻauʻauhi mahuʻinga, tautautefito ki he ngaahi koloa ʻoku mahuʻinga taha ai ʻa e malu, hange ko e ngaahi meʻangaue ʻuhila, naunau fale, naunau fale, pea mo e ngaahi meʻangaue mama.

ʻOku Kehe Fefe ʻa e Tohi Fakamoʻoni GS mei he Fakaʻilonga CE?

Ko e fekauʻaki ʻa e fakaʻilonga GS mo e fakaʻilonga CE ko ha meʻa angamaheni ia ʻoku puputuʻu. Ko e fakaʻilonga CE ko ha fakaʻilonga pau ia ki he ngaahi koloa ʻoku fakatau atu ʻi he ʻElia Fakaʻekonomika ʻo ʻIulope. ʻI hono fakapipiki ʻo e fakaʻilonga CE, ʻoku fakahaaʻi ʻe ha kautaha naʻa nau faʻu ʻa e ngaahi fie maʻu mahuʻinga kotoa pe ʻo e ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni mo e ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni ʻa ʻIulope (e.g., ko e Low Voltage Directive ki he ngaahi meʻangaue fakaʻuhila). Ko ha founga ia ʻoku fakahaaʻi pe ʻe ia, pea neongo kuo pau ke ʻi ai ha fakamatala fakatekinikale ʻa e kautaha naʻa nau ngaohi ke poupouʻi ʻaki ʻenau taukaveʻi, ʻoku ʻikai fie maʻu ia ke kau ai ha sivi tauʻataina ʻa e faʻahi hono tolu. Ko e fakaʻilonga GS, ʻi he tafaʻaki ʻe taha, ko ha fakaʻilonga tauʻataina ia. ʻOku makatuʻunga ia ʻi he lao fakafonua ʻo Siamane (Product Safety Act) pea mahuʻinga taha, ʻoku fie maʻu ha tohi fakamoʻoni ʻe ha kautaha sivi tauʻataina (hange ko e TÜV, VDE, pe Dekra). Ko e fakafaikehekeheʻi mahuʻinga ʻeni ʻo e faʻahi hono tolu. ʻOku ʻomi ʻe he fakaʻilonga GS ha fakapapau makehe ʻoku mahulu atu ia ʻi he fakamatala ʻa e kautaha naʻa nau faʻu. ʻOku ne tala ki he kasitomaa, "ʻOku ʻikai ngata pe ʻi he aʻusia ʻe he koloa ni ʻa e ngaahi fie maʻu fakalao (CE), ka kuo toe fakapapauʻi foki ʻene malu ʻe ha mataotao tauʻataina (GS)." Ko ia ai, ki he ngaahi koloa lahi, ʻe lava ke fakatou maʻu ʻe ha kautaha faʻu ha fakaʻilonga CE (ki he hu fakalao ki he maketi) mo ha fakaʻilonga GS (ke toe lahi ange ʻa e falalaʻanga ʻo e maketi mo e falala ʻa e kau fakatau). ʻOku faʻa lau ʻa e fakaʻilonga GS ko e tohi fakamoʻoni malu ia ʻi Siamane, ʻo langa ʻi he fakavaʻe ʻo e ngaahi fie maʻu CE.

Ko e ha ʻa e tohi fakamoʻoni VDE pea ko e ha ʻoku ne fakafofongaʻi?

ʻOku maʻu ʻa e fakaʻilonga VDE mei he VDE Testing and Certification Institute (VDE Prüf- und Zertifizierungsinstitut), ʻa ia ʻoku tuʻu ʻi Offenbach, Siamane. ʻOku fengaueʻaki ʻa e ʻinisititiuti ko ʻeni mo e German Association for Electrical, Electronic and Information Technologies (VDE), ko ha kautaha naʻe fokotuʻu ʻi he 1893. Ko e VDE Institute ko e taha ia ʻo e ngaahi kautaha sivi mo fakamoʻoniʻi fakaʻuhila fakaʻapaʻapaʻi mo ʻiloa taha ki he ngaahi koloa fakaʻuhila ʻi he mamani. Naʻe fokotuʻu ia ʻi he 1920, pea ʻoku ngaue ia ko ha kautaha tauʻataina mo tauʻataina. Ko hono tefitoʻi fatongia ke siviʻi mo fakamoʻoniʻi ʻa e ngaahi koloa fakaʻuhila, ngaahi konga, mo e ngaahi polokalama ki he malu, fenapasi electromagnetic (EMC), pea fakautuutu ʻa e ngaahi ʻulungaanga kehe hange ko e ivi lelei mo e maluʻi fakaʻilekitulonika. Ko e fakaʻilonga VDE ko ha fakamoʻoni ia kuo ʻosi siviʻi ha koloa ʻe he ʻinisititiuti tauʻataina ko ʻeni pea ʻoku fenapasi mo e ngaahi tuʻunga malu ʻoku kaunga ki ai. ʻE lava ke hoko ʻa e ngaahi tuʻunga moʻui ko ʻeni ko e ngaahi tuʻunga fakafonua ʻo e VDE ʻi Siamane, ngaahi tuʻunga moʻui ʻo e EN ʻi ʻIulope, pe ngaahi tuʻunga fakavahaʻapuleʻanga ʻo e IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission). ʻOku lahi ʻa e tuʻunga ʻo e tohi fakamoʻoni VDE, ʻa ia ʻoku ne ʻufiʻufi ʻa e meʻa kotoa pe mei he plugs mo e cables, capacitors mo e transformers, ki he ngaahi naunau fakaʻapi, ngaahi meʻangaue fakafaitoʻo, mo e ngaahi misini ngaue. Hange ko ʻeni, ʻoku ʻomi ʻe ha fakaʻuli kuo fakamoʻoniʻi ʻe he VDE ha loto falala lahi ki hono tuʻunga lelei mo e malu. ʻI he ngaahi fonua lahi ʻi he funga ʻo e mamani, tautautefito ki he ngaahi feituʻu ʻo ʻEsia mo e Hahake Lotoloto, ʻoku faʻa ʻiloa mo ʻiloa ange ʻa e fakaʻilonga tohi fakamoʻoni VDE ʻi he ngaahi fakaʻilonga tohi fakamoʻoni fakalotofonua ʻo e ngaahi fonua ko ia. ʻOku fakamahuʻingaʻi lahi ia ʻe he importers, exporters, mo e specifiers ʻa ia ʻoku nau vakai ki ai ko ha fakaʻilonga fakamamani lahi ʻo e tuʻunga lelei mo e talangofua ki he ngaahi tuʻunga fakatekinikale maʻolunga taha.

Ko e ha ʻa e faikehekehe mo e fekauʻaki ʻa e GS mo e tohi fakamoʻoni VDE?

Neongo ʻoku fakatou haʻu ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻilonga GS mo e VDE mei Siamane pea ʻoku fakatou fakaʻilongaʻi ʻa e malu, ko e ongo fakaʻilonga kehekehe ia ʻoku kehekehe hono tuʻunga pea ʻe lava ke maʻu fakataha kinaua. Ko e fakaʻilonga GS ko ha fakaʻilonga malu fakalukufua ia ki ha koloa kuo ʻosi. Ke maʻu ʻe ha maama LED ʻa e fakaʻilonga GS, ʻe fie maʻu ke siviʻi ia ʻe ha sino kuo fakamoʻoniʻi (ʻa ia ʻe lava ke hoko ko e VDE, TÜV, etc.) ki he ngaahi tuʻunga malu ʻo e koloa. Ko e fakaʻilonga VDE, ʻi he tuʻunga ko ʻeni, ko ha fakaʻilonga fakamoʻoni pau ia ʻoku ʻoatu ʻe he ʻInisititiuti VDE. ʻE lava ke fakamoʻoniʻi fakahangatonu ha koloa ʻaki ʻa e fakaʻilonga VDE, ʻa ia ʻoku ne fakapapauʻi ʻa e talangofua ki he ngaahi tuʻunga moʻui fekauʻaki mo ia pea ʻoku ʻiloʻi ko ha fakaʻilonga ʻo e malu mo e tuʻunga lelei. ʻIkai ngata ai, koeʻuhi ko e VDE Institute ko ha kautaha fakamoʻoni ia ki he fakaʻilonga GS, te nau lava ʻo fakamoʻoniʻi ha koloa ki he ongo fakaʻilonga fakatouʻosi ʻi he taimi tatau. ʻI he faʻahinga meʻa pehee, ʻe lava ke fakatou maʻu ʻe ha koloa ʻa e fakaʻilonga VDE mo e GS, ʻo fakahaaʻi ai kuo siviʻi mo fakamoʻoniʻi ʻe he ʻInisititiuti VDE pea ʻoku ne fakakakato ʻa e ngaahi fie maʻu ki he fakaʻilonga GS. Ko e fakatahaʻi ko ʻeni ko ha poupou malohi ʻaupito. ʻOku ne fakaha ki he kasitomaa kuo ʻosi siviʻi ʻa e koloa ʻe he taha ʻo e ngaahi fale fakatotolo sivi fakaʻuhila tauʻataina tuʻukimuʻa ʻi mamani (VDE) pea kuo ʻosi fakamoʻoniʻi ʻa hono malu ʻo fakatatau ki he fokotuʻutuʻu fefeka ʻa e GS ʻa Siamane. Ki he ngaahi koloa fakaʻuhila mahuʻinga maʻolunga pe mahuʻinga ki he malu, ʻoku faʻa lau ʻa e tohi fakamoʻoni ko ʻeni ko e tuʻunga koula ia ki hono fakahaaʻi ʻo e tuʻunga lelei mo e malu ki he kau fakatau ʻiloʻilo lelei taha ʻi ʻIulope mo fakalaka atu.

Ko e ha ʻoku mahuʻinga ai ʻa e ngaahi tohi fakamoʻoni GS mo e VDE ki he ngaahi koloa LED Lighting?

Ki ha kautaha naʻa nau ngaohi ʻa e maama LED, hange ko e OAK LED, ʻoku ʻikai ko ha ngaue fakapuleʻanga pe hono maʻu ʻo e tohi fakamoʻoni GS mo e/pe VDE ki he ngaahi koloa pe ko honau ngaahi konga mahuʻinga (hange ko e fakaʻuli). Ko ha tuʻutuʻuni fakapisinisi ia ʻoku lahi hono ngaahi lelei. ʻUluaki mo mahuʻinga taha, ko ha meʻangaue fakamaketi mo fakatau malohi ia. ʻI he maketi Siamane mo ʻIulope fakalukufua, ko e tokolahi ʻo e kau fakatau fakapalofesinale, kau ai ʻa e kau wholesalers ʻuhila, kau aleapau, mo e specifiers, te nau fekumi ki he ngaahi fakaʻilonga GS pe VDE. Kiate kinautolu, ko e ngaahi fakaʻilonga ko ʻeni ko ha hala tuʻusi ia ki he tuʻunga lelei. ʻOku nau fakasiʻisiʻi ʻa e fie maʻu ke fai haʻanau sivi lahi pea ʻomi ha loto falala ʻoku malu mo falalaʻanga ʻa e koloa. ʻE lava ke maʻu ʻe ha koloa ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻilonga ko ʻeni ha totongi maʻolunga pea faingofua ange ʻa e hu ki he ngaahi ngaue, tautautefito ki he ngaahi tender fakapuleʻanga pe ngaahi fokotuʻutuʻu fakakomesiale lalahi ʻa ia ʻoku fefeka ai ʻa e ngaahi fie maʻu ki he malu. Ua, ʻoku ne fakasiʻisiʻi ʻaupito ʻa e tuʻunga fakatuʻutamaki ʻo e moʻ ʻI hono siviʻi mo fakamoʻoniʻi ha koloa ʻe ha faʻahi tauʻataina hono tolu, ʻe lava ke fakahaaʻi ʻe ha kautaha naʻa nau ngaue faivelenga ʻi hono fakapapauʻi ʻoku malu. ʻE lava ke mahuʻinga ʻeni ʻi he taimi ʻoku ʻi ai ha ʻeke moʻua ki he koloa. Tolu, ʻoku ne fakafaingofuaʻi ʻa e hu ki he maketi. Neongo ʻoku tauʻataina pe ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻilonga, ka ʻoku fakapapauʻi ʻe lava ke aʻusia ʻa e ngaahi tuʻunga maʻolunga ʻoku fie maʻu ki he tohi fakamoʻoni GS pe VDE ʻe aʻusia ʻe he koloa ʻa e ngaahi fie maʻu ʻa e CE. ʻOku tokoni ʻa e founga sivi ke ʻiloʻi mo fakatonutonu vave ʻa e ngaahi fehalaaki ʻi he faʻufaʻu, ʻo iku ki ha koloa lelei ange mo malu fakalukufua. Ki ha kautaha hange ko e OAK LED, ko e ʻinivesi ʻi he ngaahi tohi fakamoʻoni tuʻukimuʻa ko ʻeni ko ha fakaʻaliʻali moʻoni ia ʻo ha tukupa ki he tuʻunga lelei, malu mo e falalaʻanga taimi loloa, langa hake ʻa e falala mo e kau fakatau ʻi ha maketi feʻauʻauhi fakaemamani lahi.

Ngaahi Fehuʻi ʻOku Faʻa ʻEke Fekauʻaki mo e Tohi Fakamoʻoni ʻa e GS mo e VDE

ʻOku pau ke fakatau atu ʻa e tohi fakamoʻoni GS ki hono fakatau atu ʻo e ngaahi koloa ʻi Siamane?

ʻIkai, ʻoku tauʻataina pe ʻa e tohi fakamoʻoni GS. Ko e fiemaʻu pau ki hono fakatau atu ʻo e lahi taha ʻo e ngaahi koloa ʻi Siamane mo e EU ko e fakaʻilonga CE, ʻa ia ko ha fakamatala pe ia ʻa e kautaha naʻa nau faʻu ʻa e koloa. Neongo ia, ʻoku ʻomi ʻe he fakaʻilonga GS ha fakapapauʻi tauʻataina ʻo e malu pea ʻoku fakamahuʻingaʻi lahi ia ʻe he kau fakatau mo e kau fakatau fakapalofesinale ko ha fakaʻilonga ʻo e tuʻunga lelei mo e falala.

Ko e ha ʻa e faikehekehe ʻi he tohi fakamoʻoni VDE mo e TÜV?

Ko e VDE mo e TÜV (Technischer Überwachungsverein) ko ha ongo kautaha tauʻataina mo fakamoʻoniʻi ʻi Siamane. Ko e ngaahi feʻauʻauhi ʻoku nau ʻoatu ʻa e ngaahi ngaue tatau. ʻOku ʻiloa ʻa e VDE ʻi heʻene taukei ʻi he ngaahi tekinolosia fakaʻuhila, fakaʻilekitulonika mo e fakamatala, lolotonga ia ʻoku lahi ange ʻa e ngaahi kautaha TÜV (hange ko e TÜV Rheinland, TÜV SÜD) ʻi he ngaahi sekitoa ngaueʻanga lahi. ʻE lava ke na fakatou fakamoʻoniʻi ʻa e ngaahi koloa ki he fakaʻilonga GS. ʻOku faʻa makatuʻunga ʻa e fili ʻi he faʻahinga koloa pau mo e fie maʻu ʻa e kautaha naʻa nau faʻu.

Ko e ha hono fuoloa ʻo e ʻaonga ʻo e tohi fakamoʻoni VDE?

ʻOku ʻikai taʻefakangatangata ʻa e ʻaonga ʻo e tohi fakamoʻoni VDE. ʻOku faʻa ʻaonga ia ʻi ha vahaʻataimi, ʻo faʻa aʻu ki he taʻu ʻe 3 pe 5, ka ʻoku makatuʻunga ʻeni ʻi he founga pau ʻo e tohi fakamoʻoni mo e faʻahinga koloa. Ko e meʻa mahuʻinga taha, ko hono tauhi ʻo e tohi fakamoʻoni ʻoku fie maʻu ki ai ʻa e ngaahi ʻaotita mo e sivi ʻo e ngaahi fale ngaohiʻanga ngaue ke fakapapauʻi ʻoku hokohoko atu ʻa e ngaohiʻanga koloa ke aʻusia ʻa e ngaahi tuʻunga kuo fakamoʻoniʻi. Kapau ʻe liliu lahi ʻa e koloa pe founga hono ngaohi, ʻe ala fie maʻu ke toe vakaiʻi ʻa e tohi fakamoʻoni.