Mahino ʻa e Ola Lelei ʻo e LED: Ko e ha ʻoku ʻikai toe ngaue ai ʻa e LED Beads?

Kimuʻa pea ke ʻiloʻi ʻa e ngaahi founga ʻiloʻi, ʻoku mahuʻinga ke mahino pe ko e ha ʻa e LED kuo maumau. ʻI he lahi taha ʻo e ngaahi naunau mama, ʻoku fokotuʻutuʻu ʻa e ngaahi foʻi pulu LED ʻi he hokohoko mo e ngaahi circuits parallel. ʻOku fakapapauʻi ʻe he fehokotakiʻanga hokohoko ʻoku tafe mai ʻa e ʻau tatau ʻi he ngaahi beads kotoa pe, ka ʻo kapau ʻe ʻikai ola lelei ha foʻi foʻi pulu ʻe taha, ʻe fakapoʻuli kotoa ʻa e afo. ʻI he parallel circuits, ʻe ʻikai lava ke tamateʻi ʻe ha foʻi pulu ʻe taha ʻa e polokalama kotoa ka ʻe lava ke ne fakatupu ʻa e tufaki ʻo e ʻau ʻoku ʻikai potupotutatau, ʻo iku ki he taʻemalava vave ʻa e ngaahi foʻi

Ko e ʻulungaanga angamaheni ʻo ha LED bead ʻoku maumau pe motuʻa ko e ngingila fakalukufua ʻo e mama ʻoku ʻikai feʻunga pe kemo. Neongo ia, ʻoku ʻikai ko e dimming kotoa pe ʻoku fakatupu ʻe he LED mate; taimi ʻe niʻihi ko e fakaʻuli. Ko hono ʻiloʻi ʻo e founga ke fakamavaheʻi ʻaki ʻa e ngaahi tefitoʻi meʻangaue hange ko e multimeter ko ha potoʻi ngaue mahuʻinga ia ki he kau manako ʻi he DIY, kau ngaue fakaʻuhila mo e kau mataotao ʻi hono tokangaʻi.

Ko e ha ʻa e founga lelei taha ke siviʻi ʻaki ha foʻi foʻi LED?

ʻOku ʻi ai ha ngaahi founga lahi ke siviʻi ʻaki ha LED, ka ʻi hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo ha Multimeter Fakaʻilekitulonika ko e falalaʻanga mo maʻu lelei taha. Koeʻuhi ko e LED ko ha diode (ko ha Light Emitting Diode), ʻoku ne fakaʻata ʻa e ʻau ke tafe ki he feituʻu pe ʻe taha. Ko e koloa ko ʻeni ʻoku tau fakaʻaongaʻi lolotonga hono siviʻi.

Ko e founga hangatonu taha ko e Founga Sivi ʻo e Diode ʻi ha multimeter fakaʻilekitulonika. ʻOku ʻikai tatau ia mo e sivi angamaheni ʻo e resistance, ʻoku ʻave ʻe he diode mode ha kiʻi ʻau siʻisiʻi ʻi he konga pea fua ʻa e to ʻa e voltage. Ki ha LED angamaheni, ʻoku ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e 1.8V mo e 3.3V ʻa e voltage ko ʻeni, ʻo makatuʻunga ʻi he lanu (ʻoku maʻulalo ange ʻa e LED kulokula, maʻolunga ange ʻa e lanu pulu/hinehina). Kapau ʻoku moʻui lelei ʻa e LED, te ne tuku mai ha ulo siʻisiʻi. Kapau ʻoku ʻikai ke ʻi ai ha lau (OL, pe Open Line) pe ʻikai ulo ʻa e LED, ʻoku ngalingali ʻoku maumau. Kiate kinautolu ʻoku nau fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e analog (pointer type) multimeter, ʻe lava ke fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e R×1 (Resistance 1 Ohm), ʻa ia ʻoku ne ʻomi foki ha ʻau feʻunga ke ulo nounou ʻaki ha LED.

Founga hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo ha multimeter ke ʻiloʻi ʻa e LED kuo maumau: sitepu ki he sitepu

ʻOku nofotaha ʻa e founga ko ʻeni ʻi he sivi ʻo e diode mode, ʻa ia ko e tuʻunga koula ia ki he founga hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo ha multimeter ke ʻiloʻi ʻa e LED kuo maumau ngaahi konga. Te tau fakamatalaʻi fakatouʻosi ʻa e sivi ʻi loto mo tuʻa.

Sitepu 1: Malu mo e Teuteu

ʻUluaki, fakapapauʻi ʻoku motuhi ʻaupito ʻa e ʻuhila ki he circuit. Kapau ʻoku ke siviʻi ha foʻi ʻuhila LED, vete ia mei he meʻa ʻoku maʻu. Kapau ʻoku ke siviʻi ha konga ʻi ha circuit board, tamateʻi ʻa e meʻa ʻoku maʻu. Seti hoʻo multimeter fakaʻilekitulonika ki he Fakaʻilonga ʻo e Diode (ʻoku faʻa fakafofongaʻi ʻe ha fakaʻilonga diode mo ha ngaahi laine takatakai ai). Fakahu ʻa e taki ʻuliʻuli ki he COM port mo e lead kulokula ki he VΩ port.

Sitepu 2: ʻIloʻi ʻo e Polarity

ʻOku polarized ʻa e LEDs. ʻOku ui ʻa e taki lelei ko e Anode, pea ko e kovi ko e Cathode. ʻI he lahi taha ʻo e ngaahi meʻa LED, te ke lava ʻo ʻiloʻi ʻa e cathode ʻaki haʻo kumi ha tapa lafalafa ʻi he fale pe ko ha fakaʻilonga lanu mata ʻi he solder pad (faʻa ko ha fakaʻilonga minus pe ko ha tab lanu mata). ʻOku faʻa fakahaaʻi foki ʻe he uaea taki loloa ange (kapau ʻoku ʻikai kosi) ʻa e anode. Fakahoko ʻa e fakatotolo kulokula ki he anode pea mo e fakatotolo ʻuliʻuli ki he cathode. ʻOku ʻiloa ʻeni ko e forward bias.

Sitepu 3: Fakaʻuhingaʻi ʻo e Laukonga

Ala ki he ngaahi probes ki he pads pe leads. ʻE fai ʻe ha LED moʻui lelei ha meʻa ʻe ua: ʻe fakaʻaliʻali mai ʻe he multimeter ha voltage ki muʻa (e.g., 1.8V ki he 3.2V), pea ʻe tuku atu ʻe he LED ha maama siʻisiʻi ʻaupito (mahalo ʻe fie maʻu ke ke fakapoʻuli ʻa e maama ʻo e loki pe fakamalumalu ʻaki ho nima ke sio ki ai). Kapau ʻoku ʻasi ʻi he fakaʻaliʻali ʻa e "OL" (Over Limit) pe "1", pea ʻoku ʻikai ha mama, ʻoku ava ʻa e LED (maumau). Kapau te ke fulihi ʻa e probes (ʻuliʻuli ki he anode, kulokula ki he cathode) pea maʻu ha laukonga, ʻoku nounou pe leaky ʻa e LED, ʻa ia ʻoku ne fakahaaʻi foki ʻa e taʻelavameʻa.

Tokoni ki he Polokalama: ʻOku ʻi ai e taimi ʻe niʻihi ʻoku ʻikai malohi feʻunga ʻa e sivi ʻo ha multimeter ke ulo mahino ʻa e LED malohi maʻolunga (hange ko e 1W pe 3W beads). ʻI he meʻa ni, falala ki he voltage reading. Kapau te ke maʻu ha voltage tuʻumaʻu ʻi loto ʻi he tuʻunga ʻoku ʻamanaki ki ai, ʻoku ngalingali ʻoku kei tuʻu maʻu pe ʻa e fehokotakiʻanga ʻo e diode.

Ko e ha ʻoku fakahaaʻi ai ʻe he multimeter ʻa e hokohoko atu ka ʻoku ʻikai ulo ʻa e LED?

Ko ha meʻa angamaheni ʻeni ʻo e puputuʻu. ʻOku siviʻi ʻe he mode sivi ʻo e diode ʻi ha multimeter ʻa e semiconductor junction, kae ʻikai ko e phosphor pe ko e tuʻunga totonu ʻo e uaea haʻi. Kapau kuo faingataʻaʻia ʻa e LED mei he "feituʻu fakapoʻuli" (ʻa ia kuo vela ai ʻa e uaea haʻi), ʻe ʻasi mai ʻe he multimeter ʻa e "OL" koeʻuhi he ʻoku ava ʻa e circuit. Neongo ia, kapau ʻoku faingataʻaʻia ʻa e LED mei he fakaʻauha ʻo e phosphor pe motuʻa, ʻe kei ongo fakaʻuhila pe ʻa e fetaulakiʻanga diode (ʻoku fakahaaʻi ai ʻa e to totonu ʻo e voltage), ka ʻoku siʻisiʻi ʻaupito ʻa e output ʻo e mama. ʻOku faʻa ui ʻeni ko e "motuʻa LED" pe "lumen degradation." ʻI he ngaahi meʻa pehee, ʻoku paasi ʻa e sivi ʻo e multimeter, ka ʻoku fakapoʻuli ʻa e LED.

Ki he LED motuʻa, ʻoku kei tuʻu pe ʻa e ngaahi koloa fakaʻuhila, ka ʻoku ʻikai lava ʻa e output ʻo e fakaʻilonga. Ko e feituʻu ʻeni ʻoku fie maʻu ai ʻa e ngaahi founga kehe ʻo e ʻiloʻi, hange ko e sivi ʻo e parallel pe founga shorting uaea.

Ko e ha ʻa e founga fakamaau tatau ki hono kumi ʻo e LED kovi?

ʻI he taimi ʻoku fengaueʻaki ai mo e motuʻa ʻa e ngaahi foʻi maama LED ʻa ia kuo mole ʻa e ngingila ka ʻoku kei fakahaaʻi pe ʻa e ngaahi ʻulungaanga ʻo e diode ʻi ha mita, ʻoku fuʻu ʻaonga ʻaupito ʻa e founga ʻo e fakamaau tatau. ʻOku makatuʻunga ʻa e founga ko ʻeni ʻi he tefitoʻi moʻoni ʻo e bypassing ʻo ha fehokotakiʻanga vaivai ʻi ha circuit hokohoko.

Ko e Sivi Tatau ʻo e "LED Lelei"

ʻOku fie maʻu ʻe he founga ko ʻeni ha LED 1W ʻoku ʻiloʻi mo ngaue kakato. Solder ʻa e ngaahi uaea nounou mo feliliuaki ki he pine takitaha ʻo e LED "lelei" ko ʻeni ke liliu ia ko ha sivi toʻotoʻo. ʻI he taimi ni, ʻi he fakamoʻui ʻa e foʻi ʻuhila ʻoku maumau (fakalelei, pea mo e insulation totonu), ala ki he ongo ngataʻanga ʻo hoʻo LED lelei ʻi he solder pads ʻo e foʻi foʻi ʻuhila takitaha ʻi he foʻi ʻuhila ʻoku mahaloʻi. Koeʻuhi ko hoʻo LED sivi ko ha hala ʻoku maʻulalo ʻa e resistance, te ne kaihaʻasi ʻa e ʻau mei he foʻi foʻi ʻuhila ʻoku ke siviʻi. Kapau te ke ala ki ha foʻi kula ʻoku vaivai pe motuʻa, ʻe fakaʻehiʻehi ʻa e LED sivi lelei mei he foʻi foʻi foʻi ʻuhila vaivai ko ia. tupulaki lahi. Ko e foʻi foʻi pia ʻoku ne fakatupu ʻa e puna ko ʻeni ʻi he ngingila ko e foʻi pulu ko ia ʻoku fehalaaki.

Ko hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo ha uaea faingofua ki he founga shorting

Kapau ʻoku ʻikai ke ke maʻu ha LED 1W talifaki, te ke lava ʻo fakaʻaongaʻi ha kiʻi konga uaea insulated ʻoku toʻo ʻa e muiʻi ʻuhila (ko ha "uaea shorting"). ʻI hono fakamoʻui ʻa e foʻi ʻuhila, fakanounouʻi fakalelei tahataha ʻa e solder pads ʻo e LED bead takitaha. Fakatokanga: Tokanga ʻaupito ke ʻoua naʻa ke ala ki ha foʻi kula kehekehe ʻe ua pe ko ha konga kehe ʻo e circuit ʻi he taimi tatau ke fakaʻehiʻehi mei ha halanga nounou. ʻI he taimi ʻoku ke nounou ai ʻi ha foʻi ʻuhila ʻoku ʻikai ke fuʻu mahuʻinga. ʻOku ʻiloʻi heni ʻa e foʻi foʻi foʻi kula ʻoku palopalema.

Fakatokangaʻi ʻo e Malu: ʻOku totonu ke fakahoko tokanga ʻa e founga shorting uaea mo e sivi parallel. Ngaue ʻi ha feituʻu momoa, fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e ngaahi meʻangaue insulated, pea fakaʻehiʻehi mei he ala ki he ngaahi uaea ʻoku ʻikai ke ʻi ai. Kapau ʻoku ʻikai ke ke ongoʻi fiemalie ʻi he ngaue mo e circuit moʻui, toʻo ʻa e foʻi ʻuhila mo e ngaahi konga sivi mei he circuit ʻo fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e sivi ʻo e multimeter diode.

Founga ke fili ai ʻa e ngaahi fokotuʻutuʻu totonu ʻo e multimeter ki hono siviʻi ʻo e LED

ʻOku ʻikai ke faʻu tatau ʻa e multimeters kotoa pe. Ke tonu ʻiloʻi ʻa e LED kuo maumau ʻOku fie maʻu ke mahino kiate koe ʻa e ngaahi fokotuʻutuʻu.

• Diode Test Mode (Fakaʻilonga: →+): Ko e tefitoʻi fokotuʻutuʻu ʻeni. ʻOku angamaheni ʻaki hono output ha lolotonga ʻo e 1mA ki he 2mA. ʻOku haohaoa ʻeni ki he LED fakaʻilonga angamaheni mo e LED SMD iiki.
• Resistance Mode (Ω): ʻE lava ke ngaue ʻa hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo e R×1 pe R×10 ʻi ha mita analog, ka ʻoku ʻikai fuʻu tonu ia. ʻI ha mita fakaʻilekitulonika, mahalo he ʻikai ke ʻomi ʻe he resistance mode ha voltage feʻunga ke fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e LED, ʻo ʻikai ke lau ai ʻo aʻu ki ha LED lelei.
• Vakaiʻi ʻo e Voltage (V): He ʻikai te ke lava ʻo siviʻi ha LED ʻoku ʻikai ke ʻi ai ha malohi ki he ngaue ʻaki ha voltage setting. Neongo ia, te ke lava ʻo fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e DC voltage setting ʻi ha circuit powered ke vakai pe ʻoku aʻu ʻa e voltage ki he afo LED, ʻa ia ʻoku tokoni ki hono siviʻi ʻo e ngaahi palopalema ʻo e fakaʻuli mo e ngaahi palopalema ʻo e bead.

Kapau ʻoku ʻikai ke ʻi ai ha diode mode ʻi hoʻo multimeter, te ke lava ʻo fakaʻaongaʻi he taimi ʻe niʻihi ʻa e socket transistor tester (hFE), ka ʻoku ʻikai ko ha founga angamaheni ʻeni. Ki he tokolahi taha ʻo e kau fakaʻaongaʻi, ʻoku mahuʻinga ʻaupito ʻa e diode mode.

Ngaahi fehalaaki angamaheni ʻi he taimi ʻoku siviʻi ai ʻa e LEDs ʻaki ha Multimeter

Naʻa mo e kau ʻenisinia taukei te nau lava ʻo fai ha ngaahi fehalaaki. Ko e ngaahi faingataʻa lahi taha ʻeni ʻi hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo e multimeter ke vakaiʻi ʻa e LEDs:

1. Polarity Hala: Ko hono fetongi ʻo e probes (anode ki he ʻuliʻuli, cathode ki he kulokula) ʻe ʻikai ke lau, ʻo faʻifaʻitaki ki ha LED kovi. Fakapapauʻi maʻu pe ʻa e polarity ʻo e foʻi kula.
2. Fakahohaʻasi ʻi he Circuit: ʻE lava ke ʻomi ʻe hono siviʻi ʻo ha LED lolotonga ʻoku kei soldered ʻi ha circuit faingataʻa (tautautefito ki he transformers pe ICs kehe) ʻa e ngaahi lau hala koeʻuhi he ʻoku ʻi ai ha ngaahi hala tatau ki he lolotonga. Kapau ʻe lava, hiki hake ʻa e vaʻe ʻe taha ʻo e LED pe desolder ia ke siviʻi totonu.
3. Lau hala ʻa e "OL": ʻI he ngaahi multimeter fakaʻilekitulonika lahi, ʻoku ʻuhinga ʻa e "OL" ki he Open Line. ʻI he mode diode, ʻoku faʻa fakahaaʻi ʻe he meʻa ni ʻoku ʻikai ke fakahoko ʻa e konga (kovi), ka ʻoku ne fakahaaʻi foki pe ʻoku fehokotaki fakaholomui ʻa e ngaahi probes. Toe vakaiʻi hoʻo ngaahi fehokotakiʻanga.
4. Fakakaukau ʻoku ulo kotoa ʻa e LEDs: Hange ko ia naʻe lave ki ai kimuʻa, ʻoku fie maʻu ʻe he LED malohi maʻolunga ʻa e lolotonga lahi ange ʻi he meʻa ʻoku ʻomi ʻe ha multimeter ke tuku atu ʻa e maama ʻoku ʻasi mai. Kapau ʻoku ʻikai ke ke sio ki ha ulo, ka ʻoku fakahaaʻi ʻe he mita ʻa e voltage lau (e.g., 2.5V), ʻoku sai pe ʻa e LED.
5. Siviʻi ʻaki ʻa e Power On: ʻOua naʻa teitei fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e resistance pe diode mode ʻi ha circuit powered. ʻE meimei pau ke puhi ʻe he meʻa ni ʻa e fuse ʻi hoʻo multimeter pe maumauʻi ʻa e mita.

Ko e meʻa ke fai hili hono ʻiloʻi ha foʻi foʻi LED kuo maumau

Ko hoʻo fakaʻaongaʻi pe hoʻo multimeter pe founga parallel ke ʻiloʻi ʻaki ʻa e LED ʻoku maumau, ʻoku kamata leva ʻa e founga fakaleleiʻi. Ki he SMD LEDs, ʻoku fie maʻu heni ha feituʻu ʻea vela pe ko ha ukamea soldering lelei. Ki he LEDs ʻi he ava, ʻoku ngaue lelei ʻa e ukamea angamaheni.

Kapau ʻoku ʻikai ke ke maʻu ha konga ke fetongi ʻi he taimi pe ko ia, te ke lava ʻo nounou fakataimi ʻa e pads ʻo e LED mate (fakaʻaongaʻi ha kiʻi konga siʻisiʻi ʻo e solder pe uaea) ke ngaue ʻa e toenga ʻo e circuit. Neongo ia, ko ha fakaleleiʻi fakataimi pe ʻeni. Koeʻuhi ʻoku faʻa hokohoko ʻa e LEDs, ʻe fakalahi ʻe he fakaʻehiʻehi mei ha taha ʻa e lolotonga ʻoku tafe mai ʻi he toenga ʻo e fanga kiʻi beads, ʻo tupu ai haʻanau lele vela ange pea vave ange ʻenau maumau. ʻI hoʻo fakatau pe ha LED foʻou ʻo e ngaahi tuʻunga totonu (voltage tatau mo e tuʻunga lolotonga), fetongi ʻa e nounou ʻaki ʻa e konga foʻou ke toe fakafoki mai ʻa e tuʻunga totonu mo e moʻui loloa ʻo e circuit.

Fakafehoanaki maʻu pe ʻa e mafana ʻo e lanu ʻo e LED mo e CRI (Color Rendering Index) ki he ʻuluaki ʻo kapau ʻoku ke hohaʻa ki he maʻu maʻu pe ʻa e mama.

FAQs ki hono ʻiloʻi ʻo e LEDs kuo maumau

Ko e ha ʻa e fakaʻilonga ʻo e diode ʻi ha multimeter?

ʻOku hange ʻa e fakaʻilonga ʻo e diode ko ha tapatolu ʻoku tuhu ki ha laine tuʻu ki ʻolunga (→|). ʻOku faʻa maʻu ia ʻi he tuʻunga tatau ʻo e selector mo e continuous tester (ʻa ia ʻoku hange ha peau ʻo e ongo). ʻOku fakaʻata ʻe hono fili ʻo e mode ko ʻeni ʻa e mita ke ʻave ha kiʻi ʻau siʻisiʻi ʻi ha semiconductor.

Founga hono siviʻi ʻo e SMD LED taʻe ʻi ai ha multimeter?

Kapau ʻoku ʻikai ke ʻi ai haʻo multimeter, te ke lava ʻo fakaʻaongaʻi ha puha ʻuhila (hange ko ha CR2032). Koeʻuhi ʻoku ongoʻingofua ʻa e LEDs ʻi he lolotonga, te ke lava ʻo ala ki he LED ki he puha ʻuhila (vakaiʻi ʻa e polarity). ʻE ulo lahi ʻa e LED moʻui lelei. Ko ha sivi vave ʻeni ka ʻoku ʻikai ke ne ʻoatu ha fakamatala fekauʻaki mo e voltage ki muʻa pe leakage current.

Ko e ha ʻoku kemo ai ʻeku foʻi ʻuhila LED hili hono fetongi ʻo ha foʻi kula?

ʻOku faʻa fakahaaʻi ʻe he flickering ʻoku ʻi ai ha fehokotakiʻanga ʻoku homo pe ʻikai tatau ʻa e ngaahi ʻulungaanga fakaʻuhila. Kapau ʻoku kiʻi kehe ʻa e voltage ki muʻa (Vf) ʻo e LED foʻou mei he toenga, ʻoku ʻikai tatau ʻa e tufakiʻanga naunau lolotonga ʻi he afo ʻo e ngaahi meʻa ʻoku hoko, ʻo fakatupu ai ʻa e flicker pe vave ʻa e maumau. Feinga maʻu pe ke maʻu ʻa e LED fetongi tatau.

Fakafehoanaki ʻo e Ngaahi Founga Detection ʻo e LED

Ko ha potoʻi ngaue mahuʻinga ia ʻoku fakahaofi ai ha paʻanga mo fakasiʻisiʻi ʻa e veve fakaʻilekitulonika. Tatau ai pe pe ʻoku ke tokangaʻi ʻa e maama pe fakaleleiʻi ha foʻi ʻuhila ʻi ʻapi, ʻoku fakapapauʻi ʻe hono fakatahaʻi ʻo e fua ʻo e ʻuhila mo e vakaiʻi ʻaonga ʻa e ola lelei ʻo e ngaahi monomono.