Ko e ha ʻoku faʻa mate ai ʻa e ngaahi maama LED kimuʻa pea nau moʻui?

ʻOku fakaofo ʻa e chips LED ʻi heʻenau moʻui loloa, mo e lahi ʻoku fakafuofuaʻi ke tolonga houa ʻe 50,000 pe lahi ange. Neongo ia, ʻoku ʻiloʻi ʻe ha taha pe kuo ne ngaue mo e maama LED ʻe lava pea ʻoku ʻikai lava ʻa e ngaahi maama mo e ngaahi naunau kimuʻa ʻi he fakangatangata ko ʻeni. ʻOku faʻa iku ʻa e meʻa ko ʻeni ki he loto-foʻi, he ʻoku fepaki ʻa e talaʻofa ʻo ha maʻuʻanga maama "ʻi he kotoa ʻo e moʻui" mo e moʻoni ʻo ha foʻi ʻuhila kuo mate hili pe ha ngaahi taʻu siʻi. Ko e tukuakiʻi, ʻi he konga lahi ʻo e ngaahi meʻa, ʻoku ʻikai ko e LED chips, ka ko e fakaʻuli fakaʻilekitulonika ʻoku ne fakamalohiʻi kinautolu. Pea ʻi he fakaʻuli ko ia, ko e konga ʻoku faʻa tupu ai ʻa e taʻelavameʻa ko ha konga fakatokilalo mo fakaʻofoʻofa: ko e electrolytic capacitor. ʻOku faʻa fanongoa ʻi he ngaahi kautaha mama ko e nounou ʻo e moʻui ʻa e LED ʻoku makatuʻunga ia ʻi he nounou ʻo e moʻui ʻa e maʻuʻanga ʻuhila, pea ko e nounou ʻo e moʻui ʻa e maʻuʻanga ʻuhila ʻoku tupu ia mei he nounou ʻo e moʻui ʻa e electrolytic capacitor. ʻOku ʻikai ko ha talanoa pe ʻa e ngaahi fakamatala ko ʻeni; ʻoku fakavaʻe kinautolu ʻi he tefitoʻi fisiki ʻo e founga ngaue mo e holoki ʻa e ngaahi konga ko ʻeni. ʻOku fonu ʻa e maketi ʻi ha ngaahi meʻa kehekehe ʻo e electrolytic capacitors, mei he ngaahi meʻa lelei mo moʻui loloa naʻe fakataumuʻa ki he ngaahi polokalama fakangaueʻanga ki he ngaahi meʻa nounou mo maʻulalo ange ʻoku faʻu ki he totongi maʻamaʻa taha ʻe lava. ʻI he mamani feʻauʻauhi lahi ʻo e maama LED, ʻa ia ʻoku fuʻu lahi ai ʻa e mahuʻinga ʻo e mahuʻinga, ʻoku fakasiʻisiʻi ʻe he ngaahi kautaha faʻu koloa ʻe niʻihi ʻaki hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo e electrolytic capacitors maʻulalo ko ʻeni, ʻi he ʻiloʻilo pe taʻeʻilo ʻoku faʻu ha koloa ʻoku ʻi ai ha ʻaho ʻoku ʻosi ai hono taimi. Ko ia ai, ko e mahino ʻa e fatongia mo e ngaahi fakangatangata ʻo e electrolytic capacitor ko e ki ia ke mahino ʻa e ʻuhinga ʻoku tolonga ai ʻa e ngaahi maama LED ʻe niʻihi kae ʻikai tolonga ʻa e niʻihi.

Ko e ha ʻa e electrolytic capacitor pea ko e ha ʻoku mahuʻinga ai ʻi he LED drivers?

Ko e electrolytic capacitor ko ha faʻahinga capacitor ia ʻoku ne fakaʻaongaʻi ha electrolyte (ko ha huhuʻa pe gel ʻoku ʻi ai ha lahi ʻo e ions) ke maʻu ha capacitance lahi ange ʻi he voliume ʻo e ʻiuniti ʻi he ngaahi faʻahinga capacitor kehe. ʻI ha fakaʻuli LED, ʻa ia ʻoku ne liliu ʻa e malohi ʻo e AC ki he malohi DC maʻulalo ʻoku fie maʻu ʻe he LEDs, ʻoku fakahoko ʻe he electrolytic capacitors ha ngaahi fatongia mahuʻinga. Ko ʻenau tefitoʻi ngaue ke fakatokalelei ʻa e voltage AC rectified Hili hono liliu ʻe he ʻuluaki fakatonutonu ʻo e hala fakakavakava diode ʻa e AC ki ha pulsating DC, ʻoku kei mamaʻo pe ʻa e waveform mei he voltage molemole mo tuʻumaʻu ʻoku fie maʻu ʻe ha LED. ʻOku hoko ʻa e electrolytic capacitors lalahi ko ha tauhiʻanga koloa, ʻo tauhi ʻa e ivi lolotonga e tumutumu ʻo e voltage waveform pea tukuange ia lolotonga ʻa e troughs, ʻo "smoothing" ai ʻa e output ki ha tuʻunga DC tuʻumaʻu ange. ʻOku mahuʻinga ʻa e ngaue ko ʻeni ki hono toʻo ʻo e kemo mo ʻomi ha ʻau tuʻumaʻu ki he LEDs. ʻOku toe fakaʻaongaʻi foki kinautolu ʻi he ngaahi konga kehe ʻo e fakaʻuli ki he sivi mo e tauhiʻanga ivi. Neongo ia, ko e meʻa ko ia ʻoku ne ʻoange kiate kinautolu ʻa e malohi maʻolunga—ʻa e electrolyte huhuʻa—ko e tupuʻanga ia ʻo honau tefitoʻi vaivaiʻanga. ʻE lava ke mole ʻa e electrolyte ko ʻeni ʻi ha vahaʻa taimi, ko ha founga ʻoku fakavaveʻi ʻe he vela. Ko e moʻui ʻo ha electrolytic capacitor ko ha meʻafua ia ʻo e loloa ʻo e electrolyte feʻunga ke ea ʻo to hifo ai hono capacitance ʻi lalo ʻi ha tuʻunga ʻe lava ke fakaʻaongaʻi, ʻa ia ko e taimi ia ʻoku ʻikai ke toe lava ai ʻa e fakaʻuli ʻo ngaue lelei, ʻo tupu ai ʻa e ulo ʻo e maama LED.

ʻOku uesia fefe ʻe he mafana ʻo e ʻatakai ʻa e moʻui ʻo ha electrolytic capacitor?

ʻOku fehokotaki ʻa e moʻui ʻo ha electrolytic capacitor mo e mafana ʻo ʻene ngaue. ʻOku fuʻu mahuʻinga ʻaupito ʻa e fetuʻutaki ko ʻeni pea ʻoku ʻikai hano ʻuhinga ʻo e moʻui ʻa e capacitor taʻe ʻi ai ha mafana pau. ʻI he taimi ʻoku ke sio ai ki ha capacitor ʻoku fakaʻilongaʻi ʻaki ha moʻui ʻo e houa ʻe 1,000, ʻoku mahino pea kuo pau ke fakamahinoʻi ko ʻene moʻui ʻi ha mafana pau ʻo e ʻatakai. Ko e mafana angamaheni ʻo e maʻuʻanga tokoni ki he lahi taha ʻo e ngaahi meʻa fakalukufua electrolytic capacitors ko e 105°C. ʻOku ʻuhinga ʻeni ʻoku fokotuʻutuʻu ʻa e capacitor ke ngaue ʻi ha houa ʻe 1,000 (meimei ʻaho ʻe 42) ʻi he taimi ʻoku ʻi ai maʻu pe ʻa e mafana ʻo e ʻatakai ʻi he 105°C. ʻOku mahuʻinga ke mahino ʻa e ʻuhinga ʻo e "ngataʻanga ʻo e moʻui" ko ʻeni. ʻOku ʻikai ʻuhinga ia ʻoku pa pe tuʻu ʻa e capacitor ʻi he houa ʻe 1,001. Ko e fakaʻuhinga ʻo e taʻelavameʻa ki ha electrolytic capacitor ʻoku angamaheni ʻaki ʻa e holo ʻa hono capacitance ʻaki ha peseti pau (faʻa 20% pe 50%) mei hono ʻuluaki mahuʻinga, pe ʻi he taimi kuo tupulaki ai ʻa e fakafepaki tatau (ESR) ʻo laka hake ʻi ha fakangatangata pau. Ko ia, ko ha capacitor 20μF ʻoku fakafuofuaʻi ki he houa ʻe 1,000 ʻi he 105°C, hili ha houa ʻe 1,000 ʻi he mafana ko ia, ʻe lava ke fua pe ʻa e 10μF. ʻOku ʻikai ke toe lava ʻe he fakasiʻisiʻi ko ʻeni ʻo e capacitance ʻo fakahoko lelei ʻa ʻene ngaue smoothing, ʻo iku ki he lahi ange ʻa e ripple current, ʻa ia ʻoku ne toe fakamamafaʻi ʻa e circuit mo e LED chips, ʻo iku ʻo tupu ai ʻa e mate ʻa e mama.

Ko e ha ʻa e fekauʻaki ʻa e mafana mo e moʻui ʻo e capacitor?

ʻOku puleʻi ʻa e fekauʻaki ʻa e mafana ʻo e ngaue ʻo ha electrolytic capacitor mo ʻene moʻui ʻaonga ʻe ha tefitoʻi moʻoni fakakemikale kuo fokotuʻu, ʻa ia ʻoku faʻa fakanounouʻi ʻaki ha lao ʻoku ʻiloa ko e "lao tikili ʻe 10." ʻOku pehe ʻe he lao ko ʻeni ko e holo kotoa pe ʻo e 10°C ʻi he mafana ʻo e ngaue, ʻoku liunga ua ʻa e moʻui ʻo e capacitor. ʻI he tafaʻaki ʻe taha, ko e tupu kotoa pe ʻa e 10°C ʻi ʻolunga ʻi hono mafana ʻo e ʻea, ʻoku vaeua ʻa e moʻui. Ko ha founga faingofua ʻeni kae matuʻaki tonu ke fakafuofuaʻi ʻaki ʻa e ola ʻo e mafana ʻo e ʻea. Hange ko ʻeni, fakakaukau ki ha capacitor ʻoku fakafuofuaʻi ki he houa ʻe 1,000 ʻi he 105°C. Kapau ʻe hokohoko atu ʻene ngaue ʻi ha 75°C mokomoko ange, ʻa ia ko ha to ʻe 30°C mei hono rating, ʻe liunga ua ʻene moʻui ʻi he 10°C kotoa pe: 1,000 → 2,000 (ʻi he 95°C) → 4,000 (ʻi he 85°C) → 8,000 (ʻi he 75°C). ʻOku fokotuʻu mai ʻe he fikaʻi faingofua ko ʻeni ʻe lava ke tolonga ʻa e capacitor ʻi he houa ʻe 8,000 ʻi he 75°C. Kapau ʻe lava ke tauhi ʻa e mafana ʻo e ʻea ʻi loto ʻi he LED fixture, hange ko e 65°C, ʻoku aʻu ʻa e moʻui ki he houa ʻe 16,000. ʻI he 55°C, ʻoku hoko ia ko e houa ʻe 32,000, pea ʻi he 45°C, ko ha houa fakaʻofoʻofa ia ʻe 64,000. ʻOku fakamamafaʻi ʻe he fetuʻutaki exponential ko ʻeni ʻa e mahuʻinga ʻaupito ʻo hono puleʻi ʻo e mafana ʻo e ʻea ʻi he ngaahi naunau LED. ʻOku makatuʻunga ʻa e mafana ʻo e ʻatakai ʻi he electrolytic capacitor ʻe he vela ʻoku fakatupu ʻe he LEDs mo e ngaahi konga kehe ʻo e fakaʻuli, ʻo potupotutatau mo e ola lelei ʻo e mafana ʻo e naunau mo e ʻea. ʻI ha maama ʻoku ʻikai lelei hono faʻufaʻu ʻa ia ʻoku faʻo fakataha ai ʻa e LEDs mo e electrolytic capacitors ʻi ha kiʻi puha pelesitiki siʻisiʻi ʻoku tapuni ʻo ʻikai ha vela, ʻe lava ke maʻolunga ʻa e mafana ʻo e ʻea ʻi loto, ʻo fakanounouʻi ʻaupito ʻa e moʻui ʻo e capacitor pea mo e mama kotoa.

ʻE lava fefe ke tau fakaloloa ʻa e moʻui ʻo e electrolytic capacitors ʻi he ngaahi maama LED?

Koeʻuhi ko e electrolytic capacitor ʻoku faʻa hoko ko e fehokotakiʻanga vaivai taha, ʻoku mahuʻinga taha hono fakaloloa ʻo ʻene moʻui ki hono faʻu ʻo ha koloa LED tuʻuloa ʻaupito. ʻOku ʻi ai ha founga tefito ʻe ua ke aʻusia ai ʻeni: ʻo fakafou ʻi hono fakaleleiʻi ʻo e palani mo hono ngaohi ʻo e capacitor, pea ʻi hono fakaʻaongaʻi fakalelei mo e fokotuʻutuʻu ʻo e circuit ʻi loto ʻi he fakaʻuli LED. Mei he tafaʻaki ʻo e fokotuʻutuʻu ʻo e ngaahi konga, ko e fili ko e electrolyte evaporation. Ko ia ai, ko hono fakaleleiʻi ʻo e sila ʻo e capacitor ko ha founga fakahangatonu mo ola lelei. ʻE lava ke aʻusia ʻeni ʻe he kau faʻu koloa ʻaki hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo e ngaahi naunau fakamaʻu lelei ange, hange ko ha takafi pelesitiki phenolic mo e electrodes ʻoku fakatahaʻi ʻa ia ʻoku crimped maʻu ki he kapa aluminium, fakataha mo e gaskets makehe ʻe ua ʻoku ne ʻomi ha meʻa fakamaʻu hermetic ange. ʻOku taʻofi fakatuʻasino ʻe he meʻa ni ʻa e electrolyte mei he hola. Ko e founga ʻe taha ko hono fakaʻaongaʻi ha electrolyte ʻoku siʻisiʻi ange ʻa e volatile pe ko ha electrolyte polymer fefeka kae ʻikai ko ha meʻa huhuʻa, ʻo faʻu ai ʻa e "polymer capacitors" ʻa ia ʻoku loloa ange ʻenau moʻui ka ʻoku toe mamafa ange.

Mei he tafaʻaki ʻo hono fakaʻaongaʻi mo e fokotuʻutuʻu ʻo e circuit, ko e meʻa mahuʻinga taha ko hono tokangaʻi ʻo e ʻatakai ngaue ʻo e capacitor mo e mafasia fakaʻuhila. Ko e sitepu ʻuluaki mo mahino taha ko hono tauhi ke mokomoko. ʻOku ʻuhinga ʻeni ke fokotuʻu ʻa e capacitor ʻi ha konga mokomoko ange ʻo e circuit fakaʻuli, mamaʻo mei he ngaahi konga lalahi ʻoku ne fakatupu ʻa e vela, pea fakapapauʻi ʻoku lelei ʻaupito hono puleʻi ʻo e mafana ʻo e maama fakalukufua ke tauhi ʻa e mafana ʻo e ʻea ʻi loto ki he maʻulalo taha ʻe lava. Ko e meʻa mahuʻinga ʻe taha ʻo e mafasia fakaʻuhila ko e ripple current. ʻOku fakafonu mo tukuange maʻu pe ʻa e capacitor ʻe he high-frequency switching ʻo e maʻuʻanga ʻuhila. ʻOku fakatupu ʻe he ripple current ko ʻeni ʻa e vela ʻi loto koeʻuhi ko e equivalent series resistance (ESR) ʻo e capacitor, ʻo toe tokoni ki he hiki hake ʻa e mafana ʻo e ʻea. Kapau ʻoku fuʻu maʻolunga ʻa e ʻau ʻo e ripple, ʻe lava ke fakanounouʻi ʻaupito ʻene moʻui. Ko e founga lelei ʻe taha ke fakasiʻisiʻi ʻaki ʻa e mafasia ʻo e lolotonga ko hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo e ongo capacitors ʻi he taimi tatau. ʻOku vahevahe ʻe he meʻa ni ʻa e fakakatoa ʻo e ripple lolotonga ʻi honau vahaʻa, fakasiʻisiʻi ʻa e mafasia ʻi he capacitor takitaha pea holoki lelei ʻa e ESR ʻo e hoa fakataha, ʻa ia ʻoku ne toe fakasiʻisiʻi foki ʻa e vela. Ko hono fili fakalelei ʻo e capacitors ʻoku maʻolunga ange ʻa e ripple current rating ko ha founga lelei ia ʻe taha.

Ko e ha ʻoku faʻa maumau fakafokifa ai ʻa e electrolytic capacitors, neongo ko e faʻahinga moʻui loloa?

ʻE lava ke puputuʻu mo fakatupu loto-foʻi ʻi he taimi ʻoku mate vave ai ha maama ʻoku ne fakaʻaongaʻi ha electrolytic capacitor ʻoku pehe ʻoku "moʻui fuoloa". ʻOku faʻa tuhu ʻeni ki ha tuʻunga ʻo e taʻelavameʻa ʻoku kehe mei he electrolyte evaporation: fakatuʻutamaki ʻo e taʻelavameʻa koeʻuhi ko e fuʻu lahi ʻo e voltage pe ngaahi meʻa ʻoku hoko. Naʻa mo e capacitor lelei taha ʻoku ʻi ai ha kapa tapuni lelei mo e ESR maʻulalo ʻe lava ke fakaʻauha ʻi he taimi pe ko ia ʻe ha voltage spike ʻoku lahi ange ʻi hono voltage maʻolunga taha. Neongo ʻoku tuʻu maʻu ʻa e grid ʻuhila ʻi he ngaahi meʻa ʻoku hoko, ʻa ia ʻoku faʻa fakatupu ʻe he tapa ʻa e ʻuhila ofi mai. Neongo ʻoku maluʻi lahi ʻa e ʻuhila ʻi he ngaahi netiueka ʻuhila lalahi, ka ʻe kei lava pe ke mafola ʻa e ngaahi malohi maʻolunga ko ʻeni pea ʻasi mai ko ha kiʻi mafola nounou mo fakatuʻutamaki ʻi he ngaahi laine ʻuhila ʻi he ʻapi mo e fakakomesiale. ʻE lava ke laungeau pe lauiafe volts ʻa e ngaahi surges ko ʻeni, ʻo feʻunga pe ia ke hokaʻi ʻa e konga manifi ʻo e dielectric oxide ʻi loto ʻi ha electrolytic capacitor, ʻo fakanounouʻi ia pea fakaʻauha he taimi pe ko ia. Ke maluʻi mei he meʻa ni, kuo pau ke kau ʻi ha faʻahinga fakaʻuli LED kuo fokotuʻutuʻu lelei ʻoku fakalele mei he mains ʻa e circuitry maluʻi malohi ʻi hono input. ʻOku faʻa kau heni ha fuse ke maluʻi mei he fuʻu ʻau, pea mo ha konga mahuʻinga ʻoku ui ko e oxide varistor (MOV). ʻOku fokotuʻu ʻa e MOV ʻi he laine moʻui mo e laine tuʻu ʻi tuʻa. ʻI he voltage angamaheni, ʻoku maʻolunga ʻaupito ʻene fakafepaki pea ʻoku ʻikai ke ne fai ha meʻa. Ka ʻi he taimi ʻoku hoko ai ha voltage maʻolunga, ʻoku holo ʻaupito ʻa e ivi ʻo e voltage pea "clamping" lelei ʻa e voltage ki ha tuʻunga malu, maluʻi ʻa e electrolytic capacitors pelepelengesi mo e ngaahi konga kehe ʻi lalo. Kapau ʻoku ʻikai maʻu ʻe ha fakaʻuli ʻa e maluʻi ko ʻeni, pe kapau ʻoku ʻikai lelei ʻa e varistor, naʻa mo e electrolytic capacitor lelei taha ʻe tuʻu laveangofua ke hokaʻi ʻe he ʻuhila hono hoko, ʻo iku ki he mate fakafokifa mo taʻeʻamanekina ʻa e mama.

Ngaahi Fehuʻi ʻOku Toutou ʻEke Fekauʻaki mo e Electrolytic Capacitors ʻi he Maama LED

ʻE lava ke ngaue ha maama LED taʻe ʻi ai ha electrolytic capacitor?

ʻOku fakataumuʻa ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻuli LED ʻe niʻihi ke "siʻisiʻi ange ʻa e capacitor" pe ke fakaʻaongaʻi ha faʻahinga capacitors kehe, ka ʻoku siʻisiʻi ange ʻenau angamaheni. Ko e electrolytic capacitors ʻa e founga ʻaonga mo ʻaonga taha ke aʻusia ʻa e capacitance lahi ʻoku fie maʻu ki he smoothing lelei ʻi he lahi taha ʻo e ngaahi fakaʻuli LED ʻoku fakaʻaongaʻi ʻe he AC. Ka ʻikai ha malohi feʻunga, ʻe ʻi ai ha kemo lahi mo ʻikai tali ʻa e mama. ʻE lava ke fakaʻaongaʻi ʻe he kau fakaʻuli maʻolunga ʻa e filimi ʻoku mamafa ange ʻa e capacitors pe ngaahi topologies ʻo e circuit ke fakasiʻisiʻi ʻa e fie maʻu ki ha electrolytics lalahi.

Te u lava fefe ʻo tala pe ʻoku kovi ʻa e capacitor ʻo ha maama LED ʻoku maumau?

Kapau ʻoku ke ongoʻi fiemalie ke fakaava ʻa e fakaʻuli (ʻi he tokanga, he ʻe lava ke pukepuke ʻe he capacitors ha totongi fakatuʻutamaki), ʻe lava ke ʻilo ʻi ha taimi ʻe niʻihi ʻoku kovi ʻa e electrolytic capacitor. ʻOku kau ʻi he ngaahi fakaʻilonga ʻa e pupula pe fuʻu ʻolunga (kuo ava ʻa e ʻea maluʻi), ha faʻahinga fakaʻilonga ʻo e electrolyte lanu melomelo, pe ko ha nanamu vela. ʻI he ʻuhila, ʻe lava ke hoko ʻa e mama ke kemo, ngunguu, pe ʻikai ulo ʻa e mama. ʻE fakahaaʻi ʻe hono fua ʻaki ha meʻafua capacitance ha mahuʻinga ʻoku maʻulalo ʻaupito ʻi hono capacitance.

ʻOku kovi ʻa e electrolytic capacitors kotoa pe ʻi he ngaahi maama LED?

ʻIkai, ʻikai ʻaupito. ʻOku ʻikai ko e palopalema ʻa e tekinolosia, ka ko e tuʻunga lelei ʻo e konga ʻoku fakaʻaongaʻi mo e ʻatakai mafana ʻoku fokotuʻu ai. ʻE lava ke tolonga ʻi ha ngaahi taʻu lahi ʻa e electrolytic capacitors mei he ngaahi kautaha falalaʻanga, ʻa ia naʻe faʻu ki he moʻui loloa (e.g., houa ʻe 10,000 ʻi he 105°C) pea fakaʻaongaʻi ʻi ha naunau kuo fokotuʻutuʻu lelei mo puleʻi lelei ʻa e vela, pea ʻikai ko e meʻa fakangatangata ia ʻi he moʻui ʻa e mama. ʻOku hoko ʻa e palopalema ʻi he taimi ʻoku fakaʻaongaʻi ai ʻa e capacitors ʻoku ʻikai lelei mo moʻui nounou, pe ʻi he taimi ʻoku fuʻu vela ai ʻa e capacitors lelei.