He aha i hinga ai ngā rama LED i ētahi wā i mua noa atu i tō rātou oranga whakatauranga?

He mea whakamīharo ngā rīpene LED mō tō rātou roanga ora, ā, he tokomaha i whakatauria kia 50,000 hāora, neke atu rānei. Heoi anō, ko te tangata kua mahi ki te tīramarama LED e mōhio ana ka taea e ngā rama me ngā taputapu te hinga i mua i tēnei tepe ariā. I te nuinga o te wā ka puta tēnei kupu taurangi ki te pōrearea, i te mea ka tūtuki te kī taurangi o tētahi pūtake mārama "roa" ki te pono o te pūrama mate i muri noa iho i ngā tau ruarua nei. Ko te hunga hara, i te nuinga o ngā take, ehara i te rīpene LED, engari ko te atekōkiri hiko e whakahiko ana i a rātou. A, i roto i taua atekōkiri, ko te wae e tino haepapa ana ki te rahunga he wāhanga māhaki, ngāwari: ko te pūkaha hiko. He rite tonu te rangona i roto i te umanga tīramarama ko te ora poto o ngā rama LED nā te poto o te ora hiko, ā, ko te ora poto o te putanga hiko nā te ora poto o te pūkaha hiko. Ehara ēnei kerēme i te kōrero noa iho; e ū ana rātou ki te ahupūngao taketake o te mahi me te whakaheke o ēnei mōtete. Kua waipuketia te mākete i te whānui o ngā pūkaha hiko, mai i ngā wae kounga tiketike, ora roa i hoahoatia mō ngā taupānga mahi ki ngā mea poto, iti iho i hangaia mō te utu iti rawa. I roto i te ao whakataetae nui o te tīramarama LED, i reira he tino nui te pēhanga utu, ka tapahia e ētahi kaiwhakanao ngā kokonga mā te whakamahi i ēnei pūkaha hiko paerewa, mā te mōhio, kāore rānei i te mōhio ki te waihanga i tētahi hua me tētahi rā mōnehu moata. Ko te mārama ki te tūranga me ngā whāititanga o te pūkaha hiko he kī ki te mārama he aha ētahi rama LED e mutu ana, ā, kāore ētahi.

He aha te pūkaha hiko, he aha hoki i tino nui ai i roto i ngā atekōkiri LED?

Ko te pūkaha hiko he momo pūkaha e whakamahi ana i te hikohiko (he wai, he gel rānei e pupuri ana i te nui o ngā katote) kia nui ake ai te kaha mō ia rōrahi wae i ētahi atu momo pūkaha. I roto i tētahi atekōkiri LED, e tahuri ana i te hiko matua AC taumai ki te hiko DC ngaohiko iti e hiahiatia ana e ngā LED, he maha ngā tūranga tino nui o ngā pūkaha hiko. Ko tā rātou mahi matua ko te whakaene i te ngaohiko AC kua whakatikatikatia. I muri i te tahuritanga o te whakatikatika arawhiti diode tuatahi i te AC ki tētahi DC mokowhiti, kei te tawhiti tonu te puka ngaru i te ngaohiko maeneene, taimau e hiahiatia ana e te LED. Ko ngā pūkaha hiko nui e mahi ana hei puna, e rokiroki ana i te pūngao i te wā o ngā taumata o te ngaru ngaohiko, ā, ka tukua i roto i ngā awa, nā reira ka "whakaeneene" i te huaputa ki tētahi taumata DC taimau ake. He tino nui tēnei taumahi mō te whakakore i te kōpura me te whakarato i tētahi au pūmau ki ngā LED. Ka whakamahia hoki ki ētahi atu wāhanga o te ara iahiko atekōkiri mō te tātari me te rokiroki pūngao. Heoi anō, ko te mea tonu e hoatu ana ki a rātou tō rātou kaha tiketike—te hiko wai—ko te pūtake hoki o tō rātou ngoikoretanga tuatahi. Ka taea e tēnei hiko te whakaeto i roto i te wā, he tukanga e tino whakatere ana i te wera. Ko te oranga o tētahi pūkaha hiko he mehua i te roa o tōna hiko ki te whakaeto, ka taka tōna kaha ki raro iho i tētahi taumata ka taea te whakamahi, i reira kāore e taea e te atekōkiri te mahi tika, nā reira ka kōpura te rama LED, ka rehurehu, ka hinga katoa rānei.

He pēhea te pānga o te pāmahana ā-taiao ki te oranga o tētahi pūkaha hiko?

Ko te oranga o te pūkaha hiko e hono ana ki tōna pāmahana mahi. He tino nui rawa tēnei pātahitanga, kāore he tikanga o te roanga o te pūkaha ki te kore he pāmahana kua whakaritea. Ina kite koe i tētahi pūkaha kua tohua ki te oranga, kī, 1,000 haora, ka māramatia, ā, me mārama, e kīia ana ko tōna oranga i tētahi pāmahana taiao motuhake. Ko te pāmahana tohutoro paerewa mō te nuinga o ngā pūkaha hiko whānui ko te 105°C. Ko te tikanga o tēnei kua hoahoatia te pūkaha kia mahi mō te 1,000 hāora (tata ki te 42 rā) ina 105°C tonu te pāmahana taiao e karapoti ana. He mea nui kia mārama he aha te tikanga o tēnei "mutunga o te ora". Ehara i te mea ka pahū, ka mutu rānei te mahi i te 1,001 haora. Ko te tikanga o te rahunga mō tētahi pūkaha hiko i te nuinga o te wā kua heke tōna kaha ki tētahi ōrau (i te nuinga o te 20%, 50% rānei) mai i tōna uara tuatahi, ina nui ake rānei tōna ātete rangatū ōrite (ESR) i tua atu i tētahi tepenga kua whakaritea. Nā reira, ko te pūkaha 20μF i whakatauria mō te 1,000 hāora i te 105°C, i muri i te 1,000 hāora i taua pāmahana, ka ine pea i te 10μF anake. Kua kore e taea e tēnei kaha whakaiti te mahi tika i tana mahi whakaeneene, ā, ka nui ake te au pārekareka, e whakararuraru anō ana i te ara iahiko me ngā rīpene LED, i te mutunga ka hinga te rama.

He aha te whanaungatanga i waenga i te pāmahana me te roanga o te capacitor?

Ko te pātahitanga i waenganui i te pāmahana mahi o tētahi pūkaha hiko me tōna oranga whaitake e whakahaeretia ana e tētahi mātāpono matū tūturu, i te nuinga o te wā ka whakarāpopototia e tētahi ture kōnui e mōhiotia ana ko te "ture 10 waeine." E kī ana tēnei ture, mō ia 10°C hekenga o te pāmahana mahi, ka taurua te roanga o te pūkaha. I tua atu, mō ia 10°C e piki ake ana i runga ake i tōna pāmahana whakatauranga, ka haurua te roanga o te ora. He huarahi ngāwari tēnei, engari he tino tika ki te whakatau tata i te pānga o te hau wera. Hei tauira, whakaarohia tētahi pūkaha i whakatauria mō te 1,000 hāora i te 105°C. Mēnā ka mahi tonu i te 75°C mātao ake, arā, he 30°C te taka mai i tōna whakatauranga, ka tāruatia tōna oranga mō ia taka 10°C: 1,000 → 2,000 (i te 95°C) → 4,000 (i te 85°C) → 8,000 (i te 75°C). E hua ana tēnei tatauranga ngāwari ka taea e te pūkaha te 8,000 hāora i te 75°C. Mēnā ka taea te pupuri i te pāmahana i roto i te maunga LED, kīia te 65°C, ka toro atu te oranga ariā ki te 16,000 haora. I te 55°C, ka noho hei 32,000 haora, ā, i te 45°C, he 64,000 hāora ātaahua. E whakamiramira ana tēnei pātahitanga taupua i te tino nui o te whakahaere wera i roto i ngā maunga LED. Ko te pāmahana taiao e karapoti ana i te pūkaha hiko e whakatauria nuitia ana e te wera i hangaia e ngā LED me ērā atu wae o te atekōkiri, e whārite ana ki te pai o te totohu wera me te haora. I roto i tētahi rama kāore i te pai te hoahoa, e kōpikopiko tahi ana ngā LED me ngā pūkaha hiko ki roto i tētahi kēhi kirihou iti, hiritia, ā, kāore he wera, ka taea e te pāmahana ā-roto te whakarewa, ka tino whakapoto i te oranga o te pūkaha, ā, nā reira, ko te rama katoa.

Me pēhea e taea ai e tātau te whakaroa i te oranga o ngā pūkaha hiko i roto i ngā rama LED?

Nā te mea ko te pūkaha hiko te hononga ngoikore rawa, ko te whakaroa i tōna oranga he mea nui rawa ki te waihanga i tētahi hua LED roa. E rua ngā huarahi matua mō te whakatutuki i tēnei: mā te hoahoa pai ake me te whakanao i te pūkaha anō, ā, mā te hoahoa tūpato me te hoahoa ara iahiko i roto i te atekōkiri LED. Mai i te tirohanga hoahoa wae, ko te hoariri ko te whakaeto hiko. Nō reira, ko te whakapai ake i te hiri o te pūkaha he tikanga hāngai, whai hua hoki. Ka taea tēnei e ngā kaiwhakanao mā te whakamahi i ngā rauemi hiri pai ake, pēnei i te uhi kirihou phenolic me ngā hiko tāpiri e kōpikopiko ana ki te kēne konumohe, me ngā gaskets motuhake taurua e whakarato ana i tētahi hiri hermetic ake. Mā tēnei e ārai ā-tinana te hiko kia kore ai e mawhiti. Ko tētahi atu huarahi ko te whakamahi i tētahi electrolyte iti iho, i tētahi electrolyte waerau mārō rānei, kaua ko te wai, e waihanga ana i ngā "pūkaha waerau" he roa ake te roanga o te ora, engari he nui ake hoki te utu.

Mai i te tirohanga hoahoa whakamahinga me te ara iahiko, ko te take tino nui ko te whakahaere i te taiao whakahaere me te hau hiko o te capacitor. Ko te hipanga tuatahi, tino mārama hoki ko te pupuri i te mātao. Ko te tikanga o tēnei ko te whakanoho i te pūkaha ki tētahi wāhi mātao ake o te ara iahiko atekōkiri, i tawhiti atu i ngā wae nui o te wera, me te whakarite kia tino pai rawa atu te whakahaere wera o te rama katoa kia iti rawa ai te pāmahana o roto. Ko tētahi atu āhuatanga hau hiko nui ko te au pārekareka. Kei te whakahikotia tonutia te pūkaha e te whakawhiti auautanga tiketike o te putanga hiko. Ka puta mai tēnei au pārekareka i te wera ā-roto nā te ātete rangatū ōrite o te capacitor (ESR), e āwhina ana anō ki te pikinga o tōna pāmahana. Mēnā he tiketike rawa te au pārekareka, ka tino poto pea tōna oranga. Ko tētahi tikanga pai hei whakaiti i te hau o nāianei ko te whakamahi i ngā pūkaha e rua i te whakarara. Mā tēnei e wehe te katoa o nāianei pārekareka i waenganui i a rātou, e whakaiti ana i te hau i ia pūkaha takitahi, ā, ka whakaheke i te ESR o te takirua paheko, e whakaiti ana hoki i te whakatipuranga wera. Ko te tīpakonga tūpato o ngā pūkaha me te whakatauranga o nāianei nui ake tētahi atu rautaki pai.

He aha i hinga ohorere ai ngā pūkaha hiko i ētahi wā, ahakoa he momo ora roa?

Tērā pea ka pōraru, ka whakapōrearea ina hinga wawe te rama e whakamahi ana i tētahi pūkaha hiko "ora roa". I te nuinga o te wā e tohu ana tēnei ki tētahi aratau rahunga e rerekē ana i te whakaetotanga ā-hiko: he rahunga kino nā te ngaohiko, ngā takahanga pātōtō rānei. Ahakoa ko te pūkaha tino pai rawa atu me tētahi kēne tino hiri me te ESR iti, ka taea te whakangaro inamata e tētahi tara ngaohiko e nui ake ana i tōna ngaohiko whakatauranga mōrahi. Ko tā mātou mātiti hiko matua, ahakoa i te nuinga o te wā, ka pā ki ngā takahanga ngaohiko rangitahi, i te nuinga o te wā nā te uira pātata. Ahakoa he nui te parenga uira o ngā mātiti hiko tauine nui, ka taea tonu e ēnei pātōtō pūngao tiketike te toha, ā, ka puta mai hei taraiwa ngaohiko poto, mōrearea hoki i runga i ngā aho hiko o te kāinga, arumoni hoki. Ka taea e ēnei pātōtō te rau, te mano rānei o ngā ngaohiko, he moroiti noa iho, engari he nui tēnā hei wero i te apa waikura waikura angiangi i roto i tētahi pūkaha hiko, e poto ana, e whakangaro ana i taua wā tonu. Hei pare i tēnei, me whai ara iahiko parenga pakari i tōna tāurunga ki tētahi atekōkiri LED i hangaia paitia mai i ngā matua. I te nuinga o te wā kei roto i tēnei he fuse hei pare i te au nui, me tētahi wae tino nui e kiia nei ko te varistor oxide konganuku (MOV). Ka whakatakotoria te MOV puta noa i ngā raina ora me ngā raina kūpapa. I raro i te ngaohiko pūnoa, he tino nui te ātete, ā, kāore he mahi. Engari ina puta mai he pātōtō ngaohiko tiketike, ka tino heke tōna ātete, ka whakaheke i te pūngao pātōtō, ā, ka pai te "clamping" i te ngaohiko ki tētahi taumata haumaru, e pare ana i ngā pūkaha hiko tairongo me ētahi atu wae ki raro. Mēnā kāore tēnei parenga i te atekōkiri, mēnā rānei he iti rawa te kounga o te varistor, ahakoa ko te pūkaha hiko tino pai rawa atu ka mōrearea ki te werohia e te uira panuku, e ahu ana ki te hinganga ohorere, ohorere hoki o te rama.

Ngā pātai auau mō ngā pūkaha hiko i roto i ngā rama LED

Ka taea e te rama LED te mahi me te kore capacitor electrolytic?

Kua hoahoatia ētahi atekōkiri LED kia "iti iho te capacitor", ki te whakamahi rānei i ētahi atu momo pūkaha, engari he iti iho te pūnoa. Ko ngā pūkaha hiko te huarahi tino māia, utu hoki hei whakaoti i te kaha nui e hiahiatia ana mō te whakaene pai i roto i te nuinga o ngā atekōkiri LED hiko-AC. Ki te kore e rawaka te kaha, ka nui te kōpura o te mārama. Tērā pea ka whakamahia e ngā atekōkiri mutunga tiketike ngā pūkaha kiriata utu nui ake, ngā topologies ara iahiko arā atu anō rānei hei whakaiti i te hiahia mō ngā hiko nui.

Me pēhea taku mōhio mēnā he kino te pūkaha o te rama LED i rahua?

Mēnā kei te pai koe ki te whakatuwhera i te atekōkiri (me te tūpato, nā te mea ka taea e ngā pūkaha te pupuri i tētahi utu mōrearea), i ētahi wā ka kitea e te tirohanga ā-ari tētahi pūkaha hiko kino. Kei roto i ngā tohu ko te tihi pupuhi, kōpikopiko rānei (kua tuwhera te kōhao haumaru), ngā tohu o te parauri parauri, te hiko māturu kirinuku, te haunga wera rānei. Mā te hiko, mā te pūkaha rahua ka kōpura pea te rama, ka ngunguru, kāore rānei i te mārama. Mā te ine ki tētahi ine kaha e whakaatu i tētahi uara i raro rawa atu i tōna kaha whakatauranga.

He kino katoa ngā pūkaha hiko i roto i ngā rama LED?

Kāo, kāore rawa. Ehara te raruraru i te hangarau anō, engari ko te kounga o te wae e whakamahia ana me te taiao wera kua whakanohoia. Ko ngā pūkaha hiko kounga tiketike mai i ngā kaiwhakanao rongonui, i hoahoatia mō te ora roa (hei tauira, 10,000 hāora i te 105 °C) me te whakamahi i roto i tētahi maunga hoahoa pai me te whakahaere wera pai, ka roa mō ngā tau maha, ā, ehara i te take whakawhāiti i roto i te oranga o te rama. Ka puta mai te take ina whakamahia ngā pūkaha kounga kore, poto rānei, ina wera rawa rānei ngā pūkaha pai.