Mārama ki te Rahunga LED: He aha te take ka mutu te mahi a ngā pere LED?

I mua i te ruku ki ngā tikanga haurapa, he mea nui kia mārama he aha te LED pakaru. I te nuinga o ngā hua tīrama, ka whakaritea ngā pere LED ki roto i ngā raupapa me ngā ara iahiko whakarara. Mā te tūhononga rangatū e whakarite kia ōrite te rere o nāianei i roto i ngā pere katoa, engari ki te hinga tētahi pere (ko te tikanga he ara iahiko tuwhera), ka pouri katoa te aho. I roto i ngā ara iahiko whakarara, kāore pea tētahi pere rahua e whakaweto i te pūnaha katoa, engari ka kore pea e ōrite te tuari o nāianei, ka rahunga wawe ētahi atu pere.

Ko te āhuatanga noa iho o tētahi pere LED hē, tawhito rānei, he iti rawa, he kōpura rānei te tīahoaho katoa o te rama. Heoi anō, ehara i te mea nā ngā LED kua mate; i ētahi wā ko te atekōkiri. Ko te mōhio me pēhea te wehe i te raruraru mā te whakamahi i ngā utauta taketake pēnei i te multimeter, he pūkenga tino nui mō ngā kaingākau DIY, ngā kaimahi hiko, me ngā tohunga tiaki.

He aha te huarahi pai rawa atu ki te whakamātau i tētahi pere LED?

He maha ngā tikanga hei whakamātau i tētahi LED, engari mā te whakamahi i tētahi Ine Maha Mamati ko te tino pono, āheitanga hoki. Nā te mea he diode te LED (he Light Emitting Diode), ka whakaaetia te rere o nāianei ki te ahunga kotahi anake. Ko tēnei āhuatanga te mea e whakamahia ana e mātou i te wā o te whakamātautau.

Ko te huarahi tino hāngai ko te Aratau Whakamātau Diode i runga i te ine maha mamati. Kāore i te rite ki te taki ātete paerewa, ka tukuna e te aratau diode tētahi au iti mā roto i te mōtete me te ine i te taka ngaohiko. Mō tētahi LED paerewa, ko tēnei whakataka ngaohiko kei waenganui i te 1.8V me te 3.3V, i runga anō i te tae (he iti iho ngā LED whero, he teitei ake te kikorangi/mā). Mēnā he hauora te LED, ka whakaputa i tētahi mura ngoikore. Mēnā kāore he pānui (OL, Raina Tuwhera rānei) kāore rānei te LED e mura, tērā pea ka pakaru. Mō te hunga e whakamahi ana i tētahi ine tairitenga (momo atatohu), ka taea te whakamahi i te awhe R×1 (Resistance 1 Ohm), ā, ka nui hoki te au hei whakamārama poto i tētahi LED.

Me pēhea te whakamahi i tētahi ine maha hei kite i te LED pakaru: Hipanga ki te Hipanga

E arotahi ana tēnei tukanga ki te whakamātautau aratau diode, koia te paerewa koura mō me pēhea te whakamahi ine maha hei kite i te LED pakaru ngā mōtete. Ka hipokina e mātou ngā whakamātautau i roto i te ara iahiko me waho o te ara iahiko.

Hipanga 1: Haumaru me te Whakaritenga

Tuatahi, me mātua whakarite kua momotu katoa te hiko ki te ara iahiko. Mēnā kei te whakamātau koe i tētahi pūrama LED, wetekina mai i te maunga. Ki te whakamātau i tētahi wae i runga i te papa ara iahiko, whakawetohia te puna matua. Tautuhia tō ine maha mamati ki te Tohu Diode (i te nuinga o te wā e whakaaturia ana e tētahi tohu diode me ngā raina huri noa). Kōkuhua te mata pango ki te tauranga COM me te mata whero ki te tauranga VΩ.

Hipanga 2: Tāutu i te Polarity

Kua whakarerekētia ngā LED. E kiia ana te ārahi tōrunga ko te Anode, ā, ko te tōraro ko te cathode. I te nuinga o ngā pere LED, ka taea e koe te tāutu i te cathode mā te kimi i tētahi tapa papatahi i runga i te whare, i tētahi tohu kākāriki rānei i runga i te papa solder (i te nuinga o te wā he tohu tango, he ripa kākāriki rānei). Ko te waea ārahi roa ake (mēnā kāore i tapahia) e tohu ana hoki i te pito. Tūhonoa te tirotiro whero ki te anode me te rapu pango ki te cathode. E mōhiotia ana tēnei ko te tītaha whakamua.

Hipanga 3: Whakamārama i te Pānui

Whakapā atu ki ngā pūpato, ki ngā ārahi rānei. E rua ngā mea ka mahia e te LED hauora: ka whakaaturia e te ine maha tētahi ngaohiko whakamua (hei tauira, 1.8V ki te 3.2V), ā, ka whakaputa te LED i tētahi rama tino ngoikore (me hina pea e koe ngā rama rūma, me whakamarumaru rānei i te pere ki tō ringa kia kitea). Mēnā e whakaatu ana te whakaaturanga i te "OL" (Over Limit), i te "1" rānei, ā, kāore he mārama, kei te tuwhera te LED (pakaru). Ki te whakahoki koe i ngā tirotiro (pango ki te pito, whero ki te cathode) ka whiwhi pānui, ka poto, ka turuturu rānei te LED, e tohu ana hoki i te hinganga.

Aki Pro: I ētahi wā kāore i te kaha rawa te au whakamātautau o te ine maha hei whakamārama i ngā LED hiko tiketike (pēnei i ngā pere 1W, 3W rānei). I tēnei take, whakawhirinaki ki te pānui ngaohiko. Mēnā ka whiwhi koe i tētahi whakataka ngaohiko pūmau i roto i te awhe e tūmanakohia ana, tērā pea ka mau tonu te tūtakinga diode.

He aha te Multimeter e whakaatu ai i te hononga engari kāore te LED e mārama?

He wāhi noa iho tēnei o te pōrarutanga. Ko te aratau whakamātau diode i runga i te multimeter e whakamātau ana i te tūtakinga semiconductor, ehara i te phosphor, i te taparenga waea here rānei. Mēnā kua pāngia te LED i te rahunga "wāhi pouri" (i te wāhi i tahuna ai te waea here), ka whakaaturia e te ine maha te "OL" nā te mea kei te tuwhera te ara iahiko. Heoi anō, mēnā kei te mamae te LED i te whakahekenga pūpāhā ka pakeke rānei, kei te oro hiko tonu pea te tūtakinga diode (e whakaatu ana i te whakataka ngaohiko tika), engari kua tino heke te huaputa mārama. I te nuinga o te wā e kīia ana tēnei ko te "LED tawhito", ko te "whakahekenga lumen" rānei. I aua take, ka puta te whakamātautau ine maha, engari he hina te LED.

Mō ngā LED tawhito, ka noho tonu ngā āhuatanga hiko, engari ka hinga te huaputa ōmata. Koinei te wāhi e hiahiatia ai ētahi atu aratuka haurapa, pēnei i te whakamātautau whakarara, i te aratuka poto waea rānei.

He aha te tikanga whakawā whakarara mō te kimi i ngā LED kino?

I te wā e mahi ana ki ngā pere rama LED tawhito kua ngaro te tīahoaho engari kei te whakaatu tonu i ngā āhuatanga diode i runga i te mita, he tino pai te tikanga whakawā whakarara. E ai ki tēnei tikanga i runga anō i te tikanga o te karo i tētahi hononga ngoikore i roto i tētahi ara iahiko rangatū.

Te Whakamātautau Whakarara "LED Pai"

E hiahiatia ana e tēnei aratuka tētahi LED 1W e mōhiotia ana, e mahi katoa ana. Solder ngā waea poto, ngāwari ki ia pine o tēnei LED "pai" hei huri hei tirotiro whakamātautau kawe. Ināianei, me te whakakā i te pūrama hē (kia tūpato, me te ārai tika), pā atu ki ngā pito rapa e rua o tō LED pai puta noa i ngā pūpato solder o ia pere LED i roto i te pūrama pōhēhē. Nā te mea he ara ātete iti tō LED whakamātautau, ka tāhaetia e ia te au mai i te pere e whakamātauria ana e koe. Ki te pā atu koe ki tētahi pere hauora, kāore he mea whakaharahara e puta. Engari ki te pā atu koe ki tētahi pere ngoikore, pakeke rānei, ka hipa atu te LED whakamātau pai i taua pere ngoikore, e āhei ai te rere o nāianei i roto i te toenga o te rangatū, ā, ko te tīahoaho katoa o te pūrama whakapiki nui. Ko te pere e puta ai tēnei pekenga tīahoaho ko te mea hē.

Mā te whakamahi i tētahi waea ngāwari mō te aratuka poto

Mēnā kāore ō LED 1W tohunga, ka taea e koe te whakamahi i tētahi waea ārai māmā me ngā pito kua tangohia (he "waea poto"). Mā te whakakā i te pūrama, kia āta poto puta noa i ngā pūpato solder o ia pere LED takitahi. Kia tūpato: Kia tino tūpato kia kaua e pā ki ngā pere rerekē e rua, ki ētahi atu wāhanga rānei o te ara iahiko i te wā kotahi kia kore ai e poto te ara iahiko. Ina poto koe i tētahi pere hauora, ka puta te pere (i te mea kua hipa atu koe), engari ka noho kā tonu te toenga. Heoi anō, ki te poto koe i tētahi pere tawhito, tuwhera rānei e tino ātete ana i te ara iahiko, ka oti i te poto te ara iahiko mō ērā atu pere, ā, ka mārama ake te pūrama. Ka tohu tēnei i te pere raru.

Tuhipoka Haumaru: Me tūpato te tikanga poto waea me te whakamātautau whakarara. Mahi i tētahi wāhi maroke, whakamahia ngā utauta ārai, me te karo i te pā atu ki ngā waea tahanga. Mēnā kāore koe i te pai ki te mahi me ngā ara iahiko ora, tangohia te pūrama me te whakamātau i ngā wae i waho o te ara iahiko mā te whakamahi i te whakamātautau diode multimeter.

Me pēhea te kōwhiri i ngā tautuhinga ine maha tika mō te whakamātautau LED

Kāore ngā ine maha katoa i hangaia kia ōrite. Kia tika ai kite i te LED pakaru Beads, me mārama koe ki ngā tautuhinga.

• Aratau Whakamātau Diode (Tohu: →+): Koinei te tautuhinga matua. I te nuinga o te wā ka puta mai he au tata ki te 1mA ki te 2mA. He tino pai tēnei mō ngā LED tohu paerewa me ngā LED SMD iti.
• Aratau Ātete (Ω): Ka taea te whakamahi i te awhe R×1, R×10 rānei i runga i tētahi mita tairitenga, engari he iti iho te pū. I runga i tētahi ine mamati, kāore pea te aratau ātete e whakarato i te ngaohiko nui hei tītaha whakamua i te LED, nā reira kāore he pānui ahakoa i runga i te LED pai.
• Taki Ngaohiko (V): Kāore e taea te whakamātau i tētahi LED hikokore mō te taumahinga mā te tautuhinga ngaohiko. Heoi anō, ka taea e koe te whakamahi i te tautuhinga ngaohiko DC i runga i tētahi ara iahiko kia kite mēnā kei te tae te ngaohiko ki te aho LED, e āwhina ana ki te tātari i ngā take atekōkiri me ngā take bead.

Mēnā kāore he aratau diode o tō ine maha, ka taea e koe te whakamahi i te kōhao whakamātautau transistor (hFE), engari ehara tēnei i te mahi paerewa. Mō te nuinga o ngā kaiwhakamahi, he tino nui te aratau diode.

Ngā Hapa Aunoa Ina Whakamātauria ngā LED me te Ine Maha

Ka taea e ngā kaihangarau pūkenga te mahi hapa. Anei ngā tāwhiti auau ina whakamahi i te ine maha hei taki i ngā LED:

1. Polarity Hē: Mā te whakawhiti i ngā tirotiro (pito ki te pango, cathode ki te whero) kāore he pānui, e tāwhai ana i tētahi LED kino. Manatokona i ngā wā katoa te polarity o te bead.
2. Whakararuraru i roto i te ara iahiko: Mā te whakamātau i tētahi LED i a ia e whakatōpū tonu ana i roto i tētahi ara iahiko matatini (otirā me ngā panoni, ētahi atu IC rānei) ka puta pea he pānui hē nā te mea he ara whakarara mō te au. Mēnā ka taea, hikitia tētahi waewae o te LED, tangohia rānei mō tētahi whakamātautau tika.
3. Te pānui hē i te "OL": I runga i te maha o ngā ine mamati, ko te "OL" e tū ana mō te Raina Tuwhera. I roto i te aratau diode, ko te tikanga e tohu ana tēnei kāore te wae i te whakahaere (kino), engari ka whakaatu hoki mēnā kua tūhono whakamuri ngā tirotiro. Takiruatia ō tūhononga.
4. Ki te whakaaro e mura ana ngā LED katoa: E ai ki te kōrero i mua, e hiahiatia ana e ngā LED hiko-tiketike he nui ake o nāianei i te multimeter hei whakaputa i te mārama kitea. Ki te kore koe e kite i te mura, engari e whakaatu ana te mita i te pānui ngaohiko (hei tauira, 2.5V), he pai te LED i te hiko.
5. Whakamātau ana me te Power On: Kaua rawa e whakamahi i te ātete, i te aratau diode rānei i runga i tētahi ara iahiko hiko. Ka tata tonu tēnei ki te pupuhi i te fuse i roto i tō multimeter, ka tūkino rānei i te mita anō.

Me aha i muri i te kitenga i tētahi pere LED pakaru

Ina pai tō whakamahi i tō ine maha, aratuka whakarara rānei hei kimi i te LED hē, ka tīmata te tukanga tapi. Mō ngā LED SMD, me whai teihana mahi anō hau wera, he rino whakapiri pai rānei. Mō ngā LED puta noa i te rua, he pai te mahi a te rino paerewa.

Ki te kore koe e whai wāhanga whakakapi ināianei tonu, ka taea e koe te whakapoto rangitahi i ngā papa o te LED mate (mā te whakamahi i tētahi pupuhi iti o te solder, i tētahi waea rānei) kia mahi ai te toenga o te ara iahiko. Heoi anō, he whakatika rangitahi noa iho tēnei. Nā te mea he rangatū ngā LED, mā te karo i tētahi ka nui ake te rere o nāianei i roto i ngā pere e toe ana, ka wera ake, ka hinga wawe. Ina hoko koe i tētahi LED hōu o ngā whakaritenga tika (ōrite te ngaohiko me te whakatauranga o nāianei), whakakapia te poto ki te wae hōu hei whakaora i te taparenga me te roa o te ara iahiko.

Whakataurite i ngā wā katoa i te pāmahana tae me te CRI (Taupū Tāhuahua Tae) o te LED whakakapinga ki te taketake mēnā kei te āwangawanga koe mō te huaputa mārama ōrite.

Ngā FAQ mō te Kite i ngā LED pakaru

He aha te tohu diode i runga i te multimeter?

Ko te āhua o te tohu diode he tapatoru e tohu ana ki tētahi raina poutū (→|). I te nuinga o te wā ka kitea i te tūnga kaitīpako ōrite ki te whakamātautau hononga (he ngaru oro te āhua). Mā te tīpako i tēnei aratau ka taea e te ine te tuku i tētahi au iti mā te takawaenga.

Me pēhea te whakamātau i te SMD LED me te kore ine maha?

Mēnā kāore ō ine maha, ka taea e koe te whakamahi i tētahi pūhiko pūtau moni (pēnei i te CR2032). Nā te mea he tairongo ngā LED o nāianei, ka taea e koe te pā atu ki ngā kaiārahi o te LED ki ngā kāpeka pūhiko (e mātaki ana i te polarity). Ka mārama te LED hauora. He whakamātautau tere tēnei engari kāore e hoatu mōhiohio mō te ngaohiko whakamua, te au turuturu rānei.

He aha taku pūrama LED e kōpura ana i muri i te whakakapinga o te bead?

Ko te nuinga o te wā e tohu ana te kōpura i tētahi tūhononga tārewa, i tētahi ōritetanga rānei o ngā āhuatanga hiko. Mēnā he rerekē te ngaohiko whakamua (Vf) o te pere LED hōu i ētahi atu, ka tauritea te tuari o nāianei i roto i te aho rangatū, ka kōpura rānei, ka rahunga moata rānei. Me ngana ki te pūtake i ngā LED whakakapinga ōrite i ngā wā katoa.

Whakatauritenga o ngā Aratuka Haurapa LED

Ko te mātauranga me pēhea te whakamahi i te multimeter hei kite i ngā wae LED pakaru, he pūkenga nui e penapena moni ana, e whakaiti ana i te moumou hiko. Ahakoa kei te pupuri koe i te rama ahumahi, kei te whakatika rānei koe i tētahi pūrama kāinga, mā te whakakotahi i ngā inenga hiko me te mātakitaki ā-ringa e whakarite ana i te nui o te angitu o te tapi.