Ko e fakapoʻuli ʻo e LED lelei taha

Kuo liliu ʻe he maama LED ʻa e founga ʻoku tau fakamaama ai hotau mamani, ʻo ʻomi ha ivi lelei mo ha moʻui taʻe-hano-tatau ʻe lava ke aʻu ki ha ngaahi taʻu lahi. Neongo ʻenau tekinolosia maʻolunga, ʻoku ʻikai taʻe-faʻa-mate ʻa e ngaahi maama LED. Ko ha aʻusia angamaheni ki he tokolahi ʻo kinautolu ʻoku nau fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e fakatokangaʻi ko ʻenau ngaahi maama LED pe ngaahi naunau naʻe ngingila kimuʻa kuo fakaʻau ke poipoila ange ʻi he ʻalu ʻa e taimi, pe mahalo kuo ʻi ai ha ngaahi konga fakapoʻuli. ʻE lava ke fakatupu lotofoʻi ʻa e meʻa ko ʻeni, ʻa ia ʻoku mole ai ʻa e ngingila ʻo e maama LED, tautautefito ki he hili ʻa e ʻinivesi ʻi he meʻa naʻe palomesi ke hoko ko ha fakaleleiʻanga tuʻuloa. Neongo ia, ʻoku ʻikai ko ha meʻa noa pe ʻa e fakapoʻuli ko ʻeni; ʻoku faʻa hoko ia ko e ola ʻo ha taha ʻo e ngaahi tefitoʻi tupuʻanga ʻe tolu: ko ha fakaʻuli ʻoku ʻikai ola lelei, ko e vela fakatuʻasino ʻo e chips LED fakafoʻituitui, pe ko e founga fakanatula mo taʻelava ʻo e holoki ʻo e lumen. Ko e mahino ʻa e ngaahi ʻuhinga kehekehe ko ʻeni ʻe tolu ko e ki ia ki hono siviʻi ʻo e palopalema, fakapapauʻi pe ʻe lava ke fakaleleiʻi, pea ʻiloʻi ʻa e meʻa ke fekumi ki ai ʻi he taimi ʻoku ke fakatau ai ʻa e ngaahi koloa LED ʻi he kahaʻu ke fakapapauʻi ʻoku ke maʻu ʻa e ngaue loloa mo falalaʻanga taha. ʻE fakamatalaʻi ʻe he fakahinohino ko ʻeni ʻa e "ʻuhinga" ʻo e fakapoʻuli mo ʻoatu ha ngaahi fakakaukau ʻaonga ki he ngaahi founga ke fakaleleiʻi ʻaki mo e fakaʻehiʻehi mei ai.

ʻOku anga fefe hono fakatupu ʻe he LED driver ke poipoila pe mate ʻa e mama?

ʻI he uho ʻo e maama LED kotoa pe ʻoku lele ʻi he ʻuhila (hange ko e 120V pe 220V AC ʻi hotau ngaahi ʻapi) ʻoku ʻi ai ha konga mahuʻinga ʻoku ui ko e LED driver. Ko e LED chip ko ha meʻangaue DC maʻulalo, ʻoku faʻa fie maʻu ke siʻi hifo ʻi he 20 volts ke ngaue. Ko e ʻuhila hotau ʻapi ko e high-voltage AC. ʻOku konga ua ʻa e ngaue ʻa e fakaʻuli: ʻuluaki, ke fakatonutonu ʻa e malohi ʻo e AC ki he DC, pea ko hono ua, ke holoki hifo ʻa e voltage maʻolunga ki he voltage maʻulalo mo malu ʻoku fie maʻu ʻe he LEDs. Ka ko hono fatongia mahuʻinga taha ke ʻomi ha ʻau tuʻumaʻu. Ko e LEDs ko ha ngaahi meʻangaue ia ʻoku fakalele ʻe he lolotonga, pea naʻa mo e fanga kiʻi fetoʻaki iiki ʻi he lolotonga ʻe lava ke ne uesia lahi ʻenau ngingila mo e moʻui. ʻOku fakapapauʻi ʻe he fakaʻuli lelei ʻa e tafe maʻu pe ʻo e malohi. ʻI he fakakaukau, kehe pe ke fenapasi lelei ʻa e ngaahi fakangatangata fakaʻuhila ʻa e fakaʻuli mo e ngaahi fie maʻu ʻo e LED array, ʻoku totonu ke ne ʻomi ha ngaue taʻe-palopalema ʻi ha ngaahi taʻu lahi. Neongo ia, ʻoku faingataʻa ʻa e circuitry ʻi loto ʻo ha fakaʻuli, ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi konga hange ko e capacitors, rectifiers, transformers, mo e integrated circuits. ʻOku fakangatangata ʻa e moʻui ʻa e ngaahi konga takitaha ko ʻeni pea ʻe lava ke tuʻu laveangofua ki he mafana ʻo e ʻea, voltage spikes, mo e motuʻa fakalukufua. Hange ko ʻeni, ko e electrolytic capacitors, ʻa ia ʻoku angamaheni ʻaki ʻi he kau fakaʻuli, ʻoku tautautefito ki he momoa mo e mole honau capacitance ʻi ha vahaʻa taimi, tautautefito ʻi he ngaahi ʻatakai vela maʻolunga. ʻI he taimi ʻoku kamata ke maumau ai ha taha ʻo e ngaahi konga ko ʻeni, ʻe lava ke taʻepau ʻa e voltage pe lolotonga ʻa e fakaʻuli. ʻE lava ke to hifo ia ʻi lalo ʻi he tuʻunga ʻoku fie maʻu, ʻo tupu ai ʻa e poipoila kotoa ʻo e mama. Ko e taha ʻeni ʻo e ngaahi ʻuhinga angamaheni taha ki he fakapoʻuli mamalie ʻa e maama LED ʻo ʻikai ha LED fakafoʻituitui ʻoku ha mai ʻoku vela.

Ko e ha ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻilonga ʻo e maumau ʻa e fakaʻuli pea ʻe lava ke fakaleleiʻi?

Ko e maumau ʻa e fakaʻuli ko e fehalaaki lahi taha ia ʻi he ngaahi maama LED, pea ʻoku ha ia ʻi ha ngaahi founga kehekehe. Ko e fakaʻilonga mahino taha ko ha maama ʻoku fakaʻau ke poipoila ʻi he kotoa ʻo e meʻa. Te ke lava foki ʻo fakatokangaʻi ʻa e kemo ʻa e fakaʻuli, ʻa ia ʻoku fakahaaʻi ai ʻoku faingataʻaʻia ʻa e fakaʻuli ke tauhi maʻu pe ʻa e ʻuhi. ʻI he ngaahi meʻa ʻe niʻihi, ʻe lava ke ulo ʻa e mama ka ʻe mate hili ha ngaahi sekoni pe miniti siʻi ko ha maluʻi vela pe fuʻu ʻau ʻi he fononga ʻa e fakaʻuli. ʻE lava foki ke hoko ha longoaʻa ʻoku haʻu mei he fakavaʻe ʻo e mama pe ko e fale ʻo e fakaʻuli ko ha fakaʻilonga ʻo e loto mafasia pe taʻelavameʻa. Ko e ongoongo lelei ko e palopalema faingofua taha ke fakaleleiʻi ʻa e fakaʻuli ʻoku ʻikai ola lelei pe ʻikai lavameʻa, kapau ʻoku faʻu ʻa e maama ʻaki ha fakaʻuli ʻe lava ke fetongi. ʻI he ngaahi naunau fakakomesiale mo fakangaueʻanga lahi ʻo e LED, ko e fakaʻuli ko ha konga mavahe ia ʻe lava ke toʻo pea fetongi ʻaki ha meʻa foʻou ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi tuʻunga totonu ʻo e output. Ki he ngaahi foʻi ʻuhila LED ʻe niʻihi, ʻoku faʻa langa ʻa e fakaʻuli ʻi he fakavaʻe pea ʻoku ʻikai lava ke fetongi, ʻa ia ko hono ʻuhinga kuo pau ke liʻaki kotoa ʻa e foʻi ʻuhila. Neongo ia, ki he ngaahi naunau lalahi hange ko e ngaahi maama ʻo e penolo, maama floodlight, pe maama hala, ko hono fetongi ʻo e fakaʻuli ko ha fakaleleiʻi lelei ia ʻe lava ke ne ʻoange ha moʻui foʻou ki he mama. ʻI he taimi ʻoku fetongi ai ha fakaʻuli, ʻoku mahuʻinga ke fakatauhoa ʻa e voltage output pea mahuʻinga taha, ʻa e tuʻunga ʻo e lolotonga maʻu pe ki he ngaahi tuʻunga pau ʻo e LED array ke fakaʻehiʻehi mei hono maumauʻi ʻo e fakaʻuli foʻou pe ko e LEDs.

Ko e ha ʻoku vela ai ʻa e ngaahi chips LED fakafoʻituitui pea fakatupu ʻa e fakapoʻuli?

Ko e maama LED pe naunau ʻoku ʻikai ko ha maʻuʻanga maama pe ʻe taha; ko ha fokotuʻutuʻu ia ʻo e ngaahi chips LED fakafoʻituitui, taimi ʻe niʻihi ʻe hongofulu tupu pe laungeau. ʻOku angamaheni ʻaki hono fokotuʻutuʻu ʻo e chips ko ʻeni ʻi ha fokotuʻutuʻu hokohoko ʻo e parallel. ʻOku ʻuhinga ʻeni ʻoku fakafehokotaki ʻa e ngaahi chips ʻi ha afo (hokohoko), pea ʻoku fakafehokotaki ʻa e ngaahi afo lahi ʻi he taimi tatau. ʻOku fakaʻata ʻe he fokotuʻutuʻu ko ʻeni ʻa e naunau ke ngaue ʻi ha voltage ʻaonga lolotonga ia ʻoku ʻomi ʻa e redundancy. Neongo ia, ʻoku ne toe fakatupu foki ha tuʻunga vaivai. Kapau ʻe maumau ha chip LED ʻe taha pea hoko ko ha circuit ʻoku ava, ʻe fakapoʻuli ʻa e afo kotoa ʻoku ʻi ai koeʻuhi he ʻoku motu ʻa e hala ʻuhila. ʻE iku ʻeni ki ha konga fakapoʻuli ʻoku fakatokangaʻi ʻi he penolo ʻo e mama pe ko ha fakasiʻisiʻi lahi ʻo e maama fakalukufua ʻoku maʻu mei ha maama mama. ʻOku faʻa faingofua ke ʻiloʻi ʻa e LED chip ʻoku ʻikai ola lelei. ʻI he taimi ʻoku vela ai ha LED, ʻoku faʻa tupu ha kiʻi toti ʻuliʻuli pe lanu fakapoʻuli ʻi hono funga phosphor engeenga. ʻOku fakatupu ʻeni ʻe he fuʻu vela mo e vela ʻo e semiconductor pe uaea bonding. Ko hono maʻu ʻo ha chips vela ko ha meʻa ia ke siviʻi fakalelei. Kapau te ke maʻu ha taha, ʻe lava ke fakaleleiʻi ia ʻe ha tokotaha taukei ʻaki haʻane soldering fakalelei ha uaea ʻi mui ʻi he circuit board ke fakanounouʻi ʻa e chip, ʻo toʻo lelei ia mei he afo ʻo e series. ʻOku fakalaka ʻeni mei he konga mate pea toe fakafoki mai ʻa e malohi ki he toenga ʻo e chips ʻi he afo ko ia. Neongo ia, ko ha fakaleleiʻi pelepelengesi ʻeni pea te ne fakatupu ʻa e toenga ʻo e chips ʻi he afo ko ia ke lele ʻi ha ʻau maʻolunga ange, ʻo malava ke fakanounouʻi ai ʻenau moʻui. Ko ha fakaleleiʻi tuʻuloa mo totonu ange ko hono desolder ʻa e chip naʻe maumau pea fetongi ʻaki ha chip foʻou ʻo e ngaahi tuʻunga tatau pe.

ʻI he taimi ʻoku fakahaaʻi ai ʻe he chips vela ha palopalema lahi ange ʻa e fakaʻuli

Neongo ʻe lava ke hoko tavale pe ha foʻi chip LED vela ʻe taha koeʻuhi ko ha fehalaaki ʻi hono ngaohiʻanga koloa, ko ha fuka kulokula mahuʻinga ia kapau te ke sio ki ha ngaahi chips lahi ʻoku vela, pe kapau ʻoku faingataʻaʻia ha fixture mei he toutou maumau ʻo e chips. Ko ha meʻa fakasitetisitika ia ke vela tahataha ʻa e LED ʻi he ngaahi tukunga angamaheni. Kapau ʻoku toutou hoko pe mafola lahi ʻa e palopalema, ʻoku meimei ko ha fakaʻilonga maʻu pe ia ʻo ha fakaʻuli ʻoku ʻikai lelei pe ʻikai fakatauhoa totonu. Ko ha toe fakaʻilonga mahuʻinga ʻeni ʻe taha ʻo e maumau ʻa e fakaʻuli: ʻe lava ke kamata ke ʻomi ʻe he fakaʻuli ʻa e fuʻu lahi ʻo e ʻuhila pe voltage spikes. ʻOku fakaʻaongaʻi ʻe he meʻa ni ʻa e LED chips, ʻo tekeʻi kinautolu ʻo fakalaka atu ʻi he fakangatangata ʻo ʻenau ngaue malu. ʻOku fakatupu ʻe he fuʻu lahi ʻo e ʻau ke nau vela mo vela, ʻo faʻa fakaʻofoʻofa, ʻo tuku ai ʻa e ngaahi meʻa ʻuliʻuli ko ia. ʻI he tukunga ko ʻeni, ko hono fetongi pe ʻo e chips vela ko ha ngaue taʻeʻaonga, he ʻoku ngalingali ʻe hoko ʻa e meʻa tatau pe ʻi he taimi ʻoku toe ʻoatu ai ʻe he fakaʻuli fehalaaki. Ko e founga totonu mo tuʻuloa pe ko hono tomuʻa siviʻi mo fetongi ʻa e fakaʻuli ʻoku hala. Ko e taimi pe ʻoku fokotuʻu ai ha fakaʻuli tuʻumaʻu, te ke lava leva ʻo fetongi ʻa e chips vela pe, ʻi he ngaahi meʻa lahi, mahalo ʻe lelei ange ke fetongi kotoa ʻa e LED array pe misini ʻo e mama kapau ʻoku lahi ʻa e maumau. ʻOku fakamamafaʻi ʻe he fengaueʻaki ko ʻeni ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e fakaʻuli mo e chips ʻa e founga ʻoku fefalalaʻaki ai ʻa e moʻui lelei ʻa e polokalama fakalukufua.

Ko e ha ʻa e lumen depreciation pea ko e ha ʻoku ne fakatupu ʻa e fakapoʻuli mamalie?

Ko e ʻuhinga hono tolu mo taʻeʻamanekina ki he fakapoʻuli ʻa e maama LED ko ha meʻa ʻoku ʻiloa ko e holoki ʻo e lumen. ʻOku ʻikai hange ko e maumau fakafokifa ʻa e fakaʻuli pe ko e vela lahi ʻo ha chip, ko e holoki ʻo e mahuʻinga ʻo e lumen ko ha founga mamalie mo mamalie. Ko e motuʻa fakanatula ia ʻo e LED. ʻOku aʻusia ʻeni ʻe he ngaahi maʻuʻanga maama kotoa pe, mei he laʻaa ki he ngaahi foʻi ʻuhila vela, ka ʻoku kehekehe ʻaupito ʻa e vave. ʻE lava ke fakatokangaʻi ʻe ha foʻi ʻuhila ʻoku fakapoʻuli ʻi heʻene moʻui nounou, ka ʻoku tuai ange ʻa e holoa ʻo e mahuʻinga ʻo e LED, ʻa ia ko e ʻuhinga ia ʻoku faʻa faingataʻa ai ke sio ʻaki ʻa e mata telefua mei he ʻaho ki he ʻaho. ʻOku fakatupu ʻa e holoki ʻo e lumen ʻe he holoki mamalie ʻo e ngaahi naunau ʻi loto ʻi he LED chip mo hono phosphor coating. ʻOku hanga ʻe he maama lanu pulu ivi maʻolunga ʻoku faʻu ʻi loto ʻi he chip ʻo holoki mamalie ʻa e naunau semiconductor mo e epoxy resins ʻoku fakaʻaongaʻi ke encapsulate ia. ʻOku mole mamalie foki ʻa e ola lelei ʻo e phosphor, ʻa ia ʻoku ne liliu ha konga ʻo e maama lanu pulu ko ia ki he engeenga ke faʻu ha maama hinehina. ʻOku ʻuhinga ʻeni ʻi ha houa ʻe lauiafe, ʻoku holo ʻa e malava ʻe he chip ke liliu ʻa e ʻuhila ki he mama. ʻOku lelei ʻaupito ʻa e LED mei he ngaahi kautaha falalaʻanga ʻoku nau "tokangaʻi ʻa e lumen," ʻa ia ko hono ʻuhinga ʻoku holo mamalie ʻaupito ʻenau mama. ʻOku angamaheni ʻaki hono fakafuofuaʻi ke nau aʻu ki he L70 (70% ʻo e ʻuluaki ngingila) hili ha houa ʻe 50,000 pe lahi ange. Neongo ia, ʻoku ʻikai tuʻu maʻu ʻa e vave ko ʻeni ki he LED kotoa pe.

Ko e ha ʻa e ngaahi moʻoniʻi meʻa ʻoku ne fakavaveʻi ʻa e holoki ʻo e lumen ʻi he LEDs?

Neongo ʻoku ʻikai lava ke taʻofi ha tuʻunga ʻo e holoa ʻo e lumen, ka ʻoku makatuʻunga ʻaupito hono vave ʻi he ngaahi tuʻunga ʻo e ngaue, tautautefito ki he vela. Ko e fili lahi taha ʻo ha LED ko e mafana ʻo e ʻea. Ko e mafana ʻo e fetaulakiʻanga ʻo e LED chip (ko e mafana ʻi he feituʻu ʻoku fakatupu ai ʻa e mama) ko e tefitoʻi fakaʻuli ia ʻo e vave ʻo ʻene holo. Ko e vela ange ʻa e chip, ko e vave ange ia ʻa e holoa ʻa e ngaahi meʻa ʻoku ʻi ai, pea ko e vave ange ia ʻa e mole ʻa e ngingila. Ko e ʻuhinga ʻeni ʻoku matuʻaki mahuʻinga ai hono puleʻi ʻo e mafana ʻo e ʻea—ʻa e fokotuʻutuʻu ʻo e heat sinks mo e fokotuʻutuʻu ki he tafe ʻa e ʻea—ʻi he ngaahi naunau LED. ʻE hanga ʻe ha maama kuo fokotuʻutuʻu lelei mo ha fuʻu meʻa vela lahi mo lelei ʻo tauhi ʻa e LED chips ke mokomoko, fakapapauʻi ʻoku nau holoa mamalie ʻi he loloa ʻo ʻenau moʻui. ʻI he tafaʻaki ʻe taha, ʻe lava ke vela ʻaupito ha maama LED maʻulalo ange, pe ko ha maama ʻoku ʻikai lelei hono toʻo ʻo e vela (mahalo ʻoku fokotuʻu ʻi ha meʻa ʻoku ʻikai fakataumuʻa ki ai). ʻI he ngaahi meʻa ko ʻeni, ʻe lava ke fakavaveʻi ʻaupito ʻa e tuʻunga ʻo e holoki ʻo e lumen. ʻE lava ke mole ʻa e maama ʻe 30% ʻi ha houa ʻe lauiafe, kae ʻikai ko e houa ʻe 50,000. Ko ha palopalema angamaheni ʻeni ʻi he totongi maʻamaʻa, ʻikai ha hingoa ʻo e ngaahi koloa LED ʻa ia ʻoku fakasiʻisiʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi tuliki ʻi he palani ʻo e mafana ʻo e ʻea. Ko ia, neongo ko e holoki ʻo e lumen ko e tupuʻanga "fakanatula" ia ʻo e fakapoʻuli, ko hono vave ko ha fakafotunga fakahangatonu ia ʻo e tuʻunga lelei ʻo e LED chip, pea mahuʻinga ange, ko e ola lelei ʻo hono puleʻi ʻo e mafana ʻo e naunau. ʻOku fakapapauʻi ʻe he ʻinivesi ʻi ha koloa lelei mei ha kautaha falalaʻanga hange ko e OAK LED ʻe fuʻu tuai ʻa e fakapoʻuli "fakanatula" ʻo ʻikai faʻa fakatokangaʻi ʻi he ngaahi taʻu lahi ʻo e ngaue.

Ko hono siviʻi ʻo e ngaahi tefitoʻi ʻuhinga ʻe tolu ki he fakapoʻuli ʻo e LED

ʻOku ʻomi ʻe he tepile ko ʻeni ha fakamatala vave ke fakafaikehekeheʻi ʻa e ngaahi tefitoʻi tupuʻanga ʻe tolu ʻo e fakaʻau ke poipoila ʻa e ngaahi maama LED.

Ko hono fakaʻosi, ko e fakapoʻuli ʻo e maama LED ko ha popoaki ia mei he fixture, ʻoku ne fakamatalaʻi ha talanoa fekauʻaki mo e meʻa ʻoku hoko ʻi loto. ʻE lava pe ko ha fakaʻuli mafasia, ko ha kau sotia tokosiʻi naʻe to (vela), pe ko e ʻalu pe ʻa e taimi (lumen depreciation). ʻI hoʻo ako ke lau ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻilonga—uniform vs. patchy dimming, ʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi meʻa ʻuliʻuli, pe ko ha molia mamalie ʻi ha ngaahi taʻu lahi—te ke lava ʻo ʻiloʻi totonu ʻa e palopalema. ʻOku hanga ʻe he ʻilo ko ʻeni ʻo fakaivia koe ke ke fai ha monomono faingofua mo lelei, hange ko hono fetongi ʻo ha fakaʻuli, pe ke fai ha fili fakapotopoto fekauʻaki mo hono fetongi, manatuʻi maʻu pe ko e tuʻunga lelei ʻo e ʻuluaki fakatau ko e maluʻi lelei taha ia mei he fakapoʻuli taʻehoko.

Ngaahi Fehuʻi ʻOku Faʻa ʻEke Fekauʻaki mo e Fakapoʻuli ʻo e LED

ʻE lava nai ke fakaleleiʻi ha maama LED ʻoku siʻisiʻi, pe ʻoku fie maʻu ke u fetongi kotoa?

ʻOku makatuʻunga pe ia ʻi he tupuʻanga. Kapau kuo maumau ʻa e fakaʻuli pea ko ha konga ia ʻe lava ke fetongi, ʻoku faʻa faingofua mo ʻaonga hono fakaleleiʻi. Kapau ʻoku vela ha fanga kiʻi chips, ʻe lava ke fetongi ia ʻe ha taha taukei. Neongo ia, kapau ʻoku faingataʻaʻia ʻa e mama ʻi he maʻolunga ange ʻa e lumen depreciation pe kapau ʻoku fakatahaʻi ʻa e fakaʻuli pea ʻikai lava ke fetongi, ko hono fetongi ʻo e meʻa kotoa pe foʻi ʻuhila ko e founga ʻaonga taha ia.

ʻOku ʻi ai ha ngaahi feituʻu ʻuliʻuli ʻi he niʻihi ʻo e chips ʻi heʻeku maama LED. ʻOku ʻuhinga ki he ha ʻeni?

Ko ha fakaʻilonga angamaheni ia ʻo e burnout. Kuo fuʻu vela ʻa e chip pea ʻikai ola lelei, ʻoku faʻa tupu mei ha maumau ʻi hono ngaohi pe, angamaheni, koeʻuhi he naʻe fuʻu lahi hono fakaʻuli ʻe ha fakaʻuli fehalaaki. Kapau te ke sio ki ha taha, ʻoku ngalingali ko e chip pe ko hono afo hokohoko ʻoku ʻikai ke ʻi ai. Kapau ʻoku ke sio ki ha tokolahi, ʻoku meimei pau pe ko e fakaʻuli ʻa e tukuakiʻi.

ʻE anga fefe haʻaku taʻofi ʻeku ngaahi maama LED mei haʻane poipoila vave?

Ko e fakaʻehiʻehi lelei taha ko hono fakatau ʻo e ngaahi koloa LED lelei mei he ngaahi kautaha falalaʻanga ʻoku nau fakaʻaongaʻi lelei ʻa e mafana ʻo e ʻea (heat sinks feʻunga). ʻIkai ngata ai, fakapapauʻi ʻoku fokotuʻu ʻa e naunau ʻi ha founga ʻe lava ke ʻea lelei. Fakaʻehiʻehi mei hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo e LEDs ʻi he ngaahi naunau ʻoku ʻikai ke ʻi ai ha ʻea tukukehe kapau ʻoku fakataumuʻa pau ki he taumuʻa ko ia, he ʻe fakavaveʻi ʻaupito ʻe he vela ʻo e ʻea ʻa e holoa ʻo e lumen.