Ko e fakapoʻuli ʻo e LED lelei taha
Kuo liliu ʻe he maama LED ʻa e founga ʻoku tau fakamaama ai hotau mamani. Neongo ʻenau tekinolosia maʻolunga, ʻoku ʻikai taʻe-faʻa-mate ʻa e ngaahi maama LED. Ko ha meʻa angamaheni ʻoku aʻusia ʻe he tokolahi ʻo e kau fakaʻaongaʻi ko hono fakatokangaʻi ʻoku fakaʻau ke poipoila ange ʻenau ngaahi maama LED ʻi ha vahaʻa taimi. ʻE lava ke fakatupu lotofoʻi ʻa e meʻa ko ʻeni, tautautefito ki he hili hono fakatau ʻo e meʻa naʻe palomesi ke hoko ko ha fakaleleiʻanga tuʻuloa. Neongo ia, ʻoku ʻikai ko ha meʻa noa pe ʻa e fakapoʻuli ko ʻeni; ko e ola ia ʻo e taha ʻo e ngaahi tefitoʻi tupuʻanga ʻe tolu: ko ha fakaʻuli ʻoku ʻikai lava, ko e vela fakatuʻasino ʻo e LED fakafoʻituitui. Ko e ki ki hono siviʻi ʻo e palopalema, fakapapauʻi pe ʻe malava ke fakaleleiʻi, mo ʻiloʻi ʻa e meʻa ke kumi ʻi he taimi ʻoku fakatau ai ʻa e ngaahi koloa LED ʻi he kahaʻu ke fakapapauʻi ʻoku ke maʻu ʻa e ngaue loloa mo falalaʻanga taha. ʻE fakatotolo loloto ʻa e fakahinohino ko ʻeni ki he ngaahi tupuʻanga takitaha ko ʻeni, fakamatalaʻi ʻa e "ʻuhinga" ʻo e fakapoʻuli mo ʻoatu ha ngaahi fakakaukau ʻaonga ki he ngaahi founga fakaleleiʻi mo e fakaʻehiʻehi mei ai.
ʻOku fakatupu fefe ʻe he fakaʻuli LED ke poipoila pe maumau ʻa e mama?
ʻI he uho ʻo e maama LED kotoa pe ʻoku lele ʻi he ʻuhila (hange ko e 120V pe 220V AC ʻi hotau ngaahi ʻapi) ʻoku ʻi ai ha konga mahuʻinga ʻoku ui ko e LED driver. Ko e LED chip ko ha meʻangaue DC maʻulalo, ʻoku fie maʻu ke siʻisiʻi ange ʻi he 20 volts ke ngaue. Ko e ʻuhila ʻi hotau ʻapi ko e high-voltage AC. ʻOku konga ua ʻa e ngaue ʻa e fakaʻuli: ʻuluaki, ke fakatonutonu ʻa e malohi AC ki he DC, pea ua, ke holoki hifo ʻa e voltage maʻolunga ki he voltage maʻulalo ʻoku fie maʻu ʻe he LEDs. Ka ko hono fatongia mahuʻinga taha ke ʻomi ha ʻau maʻu pe. ʻOku ʻi ai ha ngaahi meʻa hange ko e capacitors, rectifiers, transformers, mo e integrated circuits. ʻOku fakangatangata ʻa e moʻui ʻa e ngaahi konga takitaha ko ʻeni pea ʻe lava ke tuʻu laveangofua ki he mafana ʻo e ʻea, voltage spikes, mo e motuʻa fakalukufua. Hange ko ʻeni, ʻoku fakahehema ʻa e electrolytic capacitors, ʻa ia ʻoku angamaheni ʻaki ʻi he fakaʻuli, ʻoku fakahehema ke momoa mo mole ʻenau capacitance ʻi ha vahaʻa taimi, tautautefito ʻi he ngaahi ʻatakai vela lahi. ʻI he taimi ʻoku kamata ke maumau ai ha taha ʻo e ngaahi konga ko ʻeni ʻi loto, ʻe lava ke taʻepau ʻa e output voltage pe lolotonga ʻo e fakaʻuli. ʻE lava ke to ia ʻi lalo ʻi he tuʻunga ʻoku fie maʻu, ʻo fakatupu ai ʻa e mama kotoa ke poipoi. Ko e taha ʻeni ʻo e ngaahi ʻuhinga angamaheni taha ki he fakapoʻuli mamalie ʻa e maama LED ʻo ʻikai ha LED fakafoʻituitui ʻoku vela.
Ko e ha ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻilonga ʻo e tonounou ʻa e fakaʻuli pea ʻe lava ke fakaleleiʻi?
Ko e maumau ʻa e fakaʻuli ko e fehalaaki lahi taha ia ʻi he LED luminaires, pea ʻoku ha ia ʻi ha ngaahi founga kehekehe. Ko e fakaʻilonga mahino taha ko ha maama kuo hoko ʻo siʻisiʻi ʻi he kotoa ʻo e meʻa. Te ke lava foki ʻo fakatokangaʻi ʻa e flickering, ʻa ia ʻoku fakahaaʻi ai ʻoku faingataʻaʻia ʻa e fakaʻuli ke tauhi maʻu pe ʻa e ʻau maʻu pe. ʻI he ngaahi meʻa ʻe niʻihi, ʻe lava ke ulo ʻa e mama ka tamateʻi hili ha ngaahi sekoni pe miniti siʻi ko ha maluʻi vela pe over-current ʻi he fononga ʻa e fakaʻuli. ʻE lava foki ke hoko ʻa e longoaʻa mei he fakavaʻe pe fale ʻo e fakaʻuli ko ha fakaʻilonga ʻo e loto mafasia pe taʻelavameʻa. Ko e ongoongo lelei ko e palopalema faingofua taha ke fakaleleiʻi ʻa e fakaʻuli ʻo kapau ʻoku faʻu ʻa e maama ʻaki ha fakaʻuli ʻoku lava ke fetongi. ʻOku faʻa langa ʻa e fakaʻuli ʻi he fakavaʻe pea ʻoku ʻikai lava ke fetongi. Neongo ia, ki he ngaahi naunau lalahi hange ko e ngaahi maama ʻo e penolo, maama pe maama hala, ko hono fetongi ʻo e fakaʻuli ko ha monomono lelei ia ʻe lava ke ne ʻoange ha moʻui foʻou ki he mama. ʻI he taimi ʻoku fetongi ai ha fakaʻuli, ʻoku mahuʻinga ke fakafehoanaki ʻa e output voltage pea mahuʻinga taha, ko e tuʻu maʻu pe ʻo e lolotonga ki he ngaahi tuʻunga pau ʻo e LED array ke fakaʻehiʻehi mei hono maumauʻi ʻo e fakaʻuli foʻou pe ko e LEDs.
Ko e ha ʻoku vela ai ʻa e ngaahi chips LED fakafoʻituitui pea fakatupu ʻa e fakapoʻuli?
ʻOku ʻikai ko ha maʻuʻanga maama ʻe taha pe monolithic ʻa e maama LED pe fixture; ko ha ngaahi chips LED fakafoʻituitui, taimi ʻe niʻihi ʻe laungeau pe laungeau. ʻOku faʻa fokotuʻutuʻu ʻa e chips ko ʻeni ʻi ha fokotuʻutuʻu parallel. ʻOku ʻuhinga ʻeni ʻoku fakafehokotaki ʻa e ngaahi chips ʻi ha afo (series), pea ʻoku fehokotaki ʻa e ngaahi afo lahi ʻi he taimi tatau. ʻOku fakaʻata ʻe he palani ko ʻeni ʻa e fixture ke ngaue ʻi ha voltage ʻaonga lolotonga ʻoku redundancy. Neongo ia, ʻoku ne fakatupu foki ha vaivai. Kapau ʻe maumau ha LED chip, ʻe fakapoʻuli kotoa ʻa e afo ʻoku ʻi ai koeʻuhi ko e maumau ʻa e hala ʻuhila. ʻE hoko ʻeni ko ha konga fakapoʻuli ʻi he penolo ʻo e mama pe ko ha fakasiʻisiʻi lahi ʻo e maama fakalukufua mei ha maama mama. ʻI he taimi ʻoku vela ai ha LED, ʻoku faʻa fakatupu ha kiʻi feituʻu ʻuliʻuli pe lanu fakapoʻuli ʻi hono funga phosphor lanu engeenga. ʻOku fakatupu ʻeni ʻe he overheating mo e vela ʻo e semiconductor pe uaea bonding. Ko hono maʻu ʻo ha chip vela ko ha meʻa ia ke siviʻi fakalelei. Kapau te ke maʻu ha taha, ʻe lava ke fakaleleiʻi ia ʻe ha tokotaha taukei ʻi hono fakaleleiʻi ha uaea ʻi mui ʻi he circuit board ke short-circuit ʻa e chips naʻe maumau, ʻo toʻo lelei ia mei he afo hokohoko. ʻOku fakaʻehiʻehi ʻeni mei he konga mate pea toe fakafoki mai ʻa e malohi ki he toenga ʻo e chips ʻi he afo ko ia. Neongo ia, ko ha fakaleleiʻi pelepelengesi ʻeni pea te ne fakatupu ʻa e toenga ʻo e chips ʻi he afo ko ia ke lele ʻi ha ʻau maʻolunga ange, ʻe lava ke fakanounouʻi ai ʻenau moʻui. Ko ha fakaleleiʻi tuʻuloa mo totonu ange ko hono desolder ʻa e chip naʻe ʻikai ola pea fetongi ʻaki ha chip foʻou ʻo e ngaahi fie maʻu tatau.
ʻI he taimi ʻoku fakahaaʻi ai ʻe he chips vela ha palopalema loloto ange ʻa e fakaʻuli
Neongo ʻe lava ke hoko tavale pe ha flash LED vela ʻe taha koeʻuhi ko ha maumau ʻi hono ngaohiʻanga. Ko ha meʻa fakasitetisitika ia ke vela tahataha ʻa e LED ʻi he ngaahi tukunga angamaheni. Kapau ʻoku lahi pe mafola ʻa e palopalema, ko ha fakaʻilonga maʻu pe ia ʻo ha fakaʻuli ʻoku ʻikai lelei pe ʻikai tatau lelei. Ko ha fakaʻilonga mahuʻinga ʻeni ʻe taha ʻo e taʻemalava ʻa e fakaʻuli. ʻOku fuʻu lahi ʻeni ʻa e LED chips, teke kinautolu ʻo fakalaka atu ʻi honau ngaahi fakangatangata malu. ʻOku fakatupu ʻe he fuʻu lahi ʻo e ʻau ke nau vela mo vela. ʻI he tukunga ko ʻeni, ko hono fetongi pe ʻo e chips vela ko ha ngaue taʻeʻaonga, he ʻoku ngalingali ʻe hoko ʻa e chips foʻou ʻi he meʻa tatau pe ʻi he taimi pe ʻoku toe ʻoatu ai ʻe he fakaʻuli fehalaaki. Ko e founga totonu mo tuʻuloa pe ko hono ʻuluaki siviʻi mo fetongi ʻa e fakaʻuli ʻoku maumau. Ko ʻene fokotuʻu pe ha fakaʻuli tuʻumaʻu mo totonu, te ke lava leva ʻo hoko atu ke fetongi ʻa e chips vela pe, ʻi he ngaahi meʻa lahi, ʻe lelei ange ke fetongi ʻa e LED array pe misini mama kapau ʻoku lahi ʻa e maumau. ʻOku fakamamafaʻi ʻe he fengaueʻaki ko ʻeni ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e fakaʻuli mo e chips ʻa e founga ʻoku fefalalaʻaki ai ʻa e moʻui lelei ʻa e polokalama kotoa.
Ko e ha ʻa e holoki ʻo e lumen pea ko e ha ʻoku ne fakatupu ai ʻa e fakapoʻuli mamalie?
Ko e ʻuhinga hono tolu mo taʻeʻamanekina ke fakapoʻuli ai ha maama LED ko ha meʻa ʻoku ʻiloa ko e lumen depreciation. ʻOku ʻikai tatau ia mo e maumau fakafokifa ʻa e fakaʻuli pe ko e vela lahi ʻo ha chip. Ko e motuʻa fakanatula ia ʻo e LED. ʻOku aʻusia ʻeni ʻe he ngaahi maʻuʻanga maama kotoa pe, mei he laʻaa ki he ngaahi foʻi ʻuhila incandescent, ka ʻoku kehekehe ʻaupito ʻa e vave. ʻOku tuai ange ʻa e depreciation ʻo e LED. ʻOku fakatupu ʻa e holoa ʻo e lumen ʻi he holoki mamalie ʻo e ngaahi naunau ʻi he LED chip mo hono phosphor coating. ʻOku holoki mamalie ʻa e maama lanu pulu ʻoku faʻu ʻi he chip ʻa e naunau semiconductor mo e epoxy resins ʻoku fakaʻaongaʻi ke encapsulate. ʻOku mole mamalie foki ʻa e lelei ʻo e phosphor, ʻa ia ʻoku ne liliu ha niʻihi ʻo e maama lanu pulu ko ia ki he engeenga. ʻOku ʻuhinga ʻeni ʻoku laka hake ʻi he houa ʻe lauiafe, ʻoku siʻisiʻi ʻa e malava ʻa e chip ke liliu ʻa e ʻuhila ki he mama. ʻOku lelei ʻaupito ʻa e "lumen maintenance" ʻa e LED lelei mei he ngaahi kautaha falalaʻanga, ʻa ia ʻoku holo mamalie ʻaupito ʻenau mama. ʻOku angamaheni ʻaki hono fakafuofuaʻi ke nau aʻu ki he L70 (70% ʻo e ʻuluaki ngingila) hili ha houa ʻe 50,000 pe lahi ange. Neongo ia, ʻoku ʻikai tuʻu maʻu ʻa e vave ko ʻeni ki he LED kotoa pe.
Ko e ha ʻa e ngaahi meʻa ʻoku ne fakavaveʻi ʻa e holoki ʻo e lumen ʻi he LEDs?
Neongo ʻoku ʻikai lava ke taʻofi ha tuʻunga ʻo e holoki ʻo e lumen, ʻoku makatuʻunga ʻaupito ʻa e vave ʻi he ngaahi tuʻunga ʻo e ngaue, tautautefito ki he vela. Ko e fili lahi taha ʻo ha LED ko e mafana ʻo e ʻea. Ko e mafana ange ʻo e chip, ko e vave ange ia ʻa e holoa ʻa e ngaahi naunau pea vave ange ʻene mole. Ko e ʻuhinga ʻeni ʻoku matuʻaki mahuʻinga ai hono puleʻi ʻo e mafana ʻo e ʻea ʻi he LED fixtures. ʻE hanga ʻe ha maama lelei mo ha fuʻu heat sink ʻo tauhi ʻa e LED chips ke mokomoko. ʻE lava ke vela ʻaupito ha maama LED maʻulalo ange. ʻI he ngaahi meʻa ko ʻeni, ʻe lava ke fakavaveʻi ʻaupito ʻa e depreciation ʻo e lumen. ʻE lava ke mole ʻa e maama ʻe 30% ʻi ha ngaahi houa siʻi pe ʻe lauiafe, kae ʻikai ko e 50,000. Ko ha palopalema angamaheni ʻeni ʻi he ngaahi koloa LED ʻoku ʻikai ha hingoa ʻoku tuʻusi ai ʻa e ngaahi tuliki ʻi he palani vela. Ko ia, neongo ko e holoki ʻo e lumen ko e tupuʻanga "fakanatula" ia ʻo e fakapoʻuli, ko hono vave ko ha fakafotunga fakahangatonu ia ʻo e tuʻunga lelei ʻo e LED chips pea mahuʻinga ange, ko e ola lelei ʻo e puleʻi ʻo e mafana ʻo e meʻa. ʻOku fakapapauʻi ʻe he ʻinivesi ʻi ha koloa lelei mei ha kautaha falalaʻanga hange ko e OAK LED ʻe fuʻu tuai ʻa e fakapoʻuli "fakanatula" ʻo ʻikai faʻa fakatokangaʻi ʻi ha ngaahi taʻu lahi ʻo e ngaue.
Ko hono siviʻi ʻo e ngaahi tefitoʻi ʻuhinga ʻe tolu ki he fakapoʻuli ʻo e LED
ʻOku ʻomi ʻe he tepile ko ʻeni ha maʻuʻanga tokoni vave ke fakafaikehekeheʻi ʻa e ngaahi tefitoʻi tupuʻanga ʻe tolu ʻo e fakapoʻuli ʻa e ngaahi maama LED.
| Tupuʻanga ʻo e Fakapoʻuli | Ngaahi Fakaʻilonga Tefito | Ngaahi Tokoni ki he Sio | Founga Angamaheni |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tonounou ʻa e Fakaʻuli | Uniform dimming ʻi he kotoa ʻo e fixture, flickering, buzzing, pe ʻikai lava ʻo mama. | ʻIkai ha maumau ʻoku ʻasi mai ki he LED chips; ʻoku poipoila pe kemo fakalukufua ʻa e mama. | Fetongi ʻa e driver LED ʻaki ha ʻiuniti foʻou ʻoku hoa totonu. |
| Vela LED Chips | Ngaahi feituʻu fakapoʻuli, ngaahi konga, pe ngaahi konga ʻi he penolo ʻo e mama; fakasiʻisiʻi ʻa e ngingila fakalukufua ka ʻoku ʻikai tatau. | ʻOku ʻasi mai ʻa e ngaahi totiʻi ʻuliʻuli pe discoloration ʻi he funga ʻo e LED fakafoʻituitui. | Short-circuit ʻa e chip mate (fakataimi) pe fetongi ia. Kapau ʻoku toutou hoko, tomuʻa vakaiʻi ʻa e fakaʻuli. |
| Holoki ʻa e Lumen | ʻOku mamalie ʻaupito, fakapoʻuli ʻi he ngaahi taʻu lahi hono fakaʻaongaʻi. ʻIkai ha liliu fakafokifa pe kemo. | ʻOku ʻikai ha mele ʻoku ʻasi mai; ʻoku ʻikai ke ulo lahi ʻa e mama ʻo hange ko e taimi naʻe foʻou ai. | ʻIkai ha taha (toulekeleka fakanatula). Fakaʻehiʻehi mei ai: fakatau ʻa e LED lelei mo hono puleʻi lelei ʻo e mafana ʻo e ʻea. |
Ko hono fakaʻosi, ko e maama LED fakapoʻuli ko ha popoaki ia mei he meʻa ʻoku hoko, ʻoku ne fakamatalaʻi ha talanoa fekauʻaki mo e meʻa ʻoku hoko ʻi loto. ʻE lava pe ko ha fakaʻuli loto mafasia, ko ha kau sotia tokosiʻi kuo to (chips vela), pe ko e ʻalu pe ʻa e taimi (lumen depreciation). ʻI hoʻo ako ke lau ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻilonga—teunga vs. patchy dimming, ʻi ai ha ngaahi feituʻu ʻuliʻuli, pe ko ha molia mamalie ʻi ha ngaahi taʻu lahi—te ke lava ʻo ʻiloʻi totonu ʻa e palopalema. ʻOku fakaivia koe ʻe he ʻilo ko ʻeni ke ke fakahoko ha monomono faingofua mo lelei, hange ko hono fetongi ʻo ha fakaʻuli, pe ke fai ha fili fakapotopoto fekauʻaki mo hono fetongi, manatuʻi maʻu pe ko e tuʻunga lelei taha ʻo e ʻuluaki fakatau ko e maluʻi lelei taha ia mei he fakapoʻuli vave.
Ngaahi Fehuʻi ʻOku Faʻa ʻEke Fekauʻaki mo e LED Fakapoʻuli
ʻE lava nai ke fakaleleiʻi ha maama LED poipoi, pe ʻoku fie maʻu ke u fetongi kotoa?
ʻOku makatuʻunga pe ia ʻi he tupuʻanga. Kapau kuo maumau ʻa e fakaʻuli pea ko ha konga ia ʻe lava ke fetongi, ʻoku faʻa faingofua mo ʻaonga hono fakaleleiʻi. Kapau ʻoku vela ha fanga kiʻi chips, ʻe lava ke fetongi kinautolu ʻe ha taha taukei. Neongo ia, kapau ʻoku faingataʻaʻia ʻa e mama mei he holoki ʻo e lumen pe kapau ʻoku fakatahaʻi ʻa e fakaʻuli pea ʻikai lava ke fetongi, ko hono fetongi kotoa ʻo e meʻa pe foʻi ʻuhila ko e founga ʻaonga taha ia.
ʻOku ʻi ai ha ngaahi feituʻu ʻuliʻuli ʻi heʻeku maama LED ʻi ha niʻihi ʻo e chips. ʻOku ʻuhinga ʻeni ki he ha?
Ko e ngaahi feituʻu ʻuliʻuli ʻi ha LED chip ko ha fakaʻilonga angamaheni ia ʻo e burnout. Kuo fuʻu vela ʻa e chip pea ʻikai lava, ʻo faʻa tupu mei ha maumau ʻi hono ngaohi pe, angamaheni, koeʻuhi he naʻe overdrive ia ʻe ha fakaʻuli ʻoku fehalaaki. Kapau te ke sio ki ha taha, ʻoku ngalingali ko e chip pe ko ia ʻoku ʻikai ke ʻi ai. Kapau te ke sio ki ha ngaahi meʻa lahi, ko e fakaʻuli ʻoku meimei ke tukuakiʻi.
ʻE anga fefe haʻaku taʻofi ʻeku ngaahi maama LED mei haʻane poipoila vave?
Ko e fakaʻehiʻehi lelei taha ko hono fakatau ʻo e ngaahi koloa LED tuʻunga maʻolunga mei he ngaahi kautaha falalaʻanga ʻoku nau fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e puleʻi lelei ʻo e mafana ʻo e ʻea (heat sinks feʻunga). ʻIkai ngata ai, fakapapauʻi ʻoku fokotuʻu ʻa e naunau ʻi ha founga ʻe lava ke ʻea lelei. Fakaʻehiʻehi mei hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo e LED ʻi he ngaahi naunau ʻoku ʻikai ke ʻea tukukehe kapau ʻoku fakamahuʻingaʻi pau ki he taumuʻa ko ia, he ʻe fakavaveʻi ʻe he vela ʻo e ʻea ʻa e holoa ʻo e lumen.
