Ko e ʻuhinga ʻoku hoko ai ʻa e falalaʻanga ʻo e fakaʻuli LED ko e uho ʻo ha maama lelei ʻOku lelei pe ʻa e maama LED mo hono fakaʻuli. Neongo ʻoku faʻa maʻu ʻe he LED chips ʻa e langilangi ʻi heʻenau moʻui loloa mo e ivi lelei, ko e fakaʻuli—ko ha konga faingataʻa ʻo e ngaahi meʻa fakaʻilekitulonika ʻuhila—ʻoku ne ʻai ke nau ngaue. Ko e tefitoʻi ngaue ʻa e fakaʻuli LED ke liliu ʻa e voltage AC ʻoku hu mai mei he mains ki ha maʻuʻanga tokoni DC ʻoku puleʻi. ʻOku ʻikai tatau ia mo ha maʻuʻanga voltage faingofua, ʻe lava ke kehekehe ʻa e output voltage ʻo ha maʻuʻanga tokoni lolotonga ke tatau mo e to ʻa e voltage ki muʻa (Vf) ʻo e kavenga LED, fakapapauʻi ʻoku tuʻu maʻu maʻu pe ʻa e lolotonga...

Ko e ʻuhinga ʻoku mahuʻinga ai ʻa e sivi ʻo e voltage maʻolunga ki he malu ʻo e maama LED Ko e maama kotoa pe ʻoku mavahe mei ha fale ngaue pea fokotuʻu ʻi ha ʻapi, ʻofisi, pe malaʻe vaʻinga kuo pau ke ne aʻusia ʻa e ngaahi tuʻunga malu fefeka. ʻOku kau ʻi he mahuʻinga taha ʻo e ngaahi meʻa ni ʻa e sivi ʻo e voltage maʻolunga, ʻa ia ʻoku faʻa ui ko e sivi malohi ʻo e dielectric pe sivi hipot. ʻOku ʻikai ʻuhinga ʻa e sivi ko ʻeni ke vakaiʻi pe ʻoku ngaue ʻa e mama, ka ke fakapapauʻi ʻe ʻikai hoko ia ko ha fakatuʻutamaki ʻi he ngaahi tuʻunga ʻo e fehalaaki. Ko e tefitoʻi moʻoni mahuʻinga ke fakapapauʻi ʻoku feʻunga ʻa e insulation ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e ngaahi konga ʻuhila moʻui mo ha faʻahinga konga conductive ʻoku lava ke maʻu (hange ko e fale ukamea)...

Ko e taha ʻo e ngaahi ngaue faingataʻa mo faingataʻa taha ʻi he palani ʻo e maama sipoti Ko e taha ʻo e ngaahi ngaue faingataʻa taha ʻi he palani ʻo e maama sipoti Ko hono maama ʻo ha malaʻe ʻakapulu ko e taha ia ʻo e ngaahi ngaue faingataʻa taha ʻi he palani ʻo e maama sipoti. ʻOku ʻikai hange ko e malaʻe vaʻinga ʻi loto ʻoku maʻulalo, ko e malaʻe ʻakapulu ko ha feituʻu lahi ia ʻi tuʻa (pe lahi ʻi loto) ʻa ia kuo pau ke sio ki ai ʻa e kau vaʻinga, kau ʻofisiale, mo ha kiʻi foʻi pulu mei he tafaʻaki kotoa pe, ʻo faʻa fakamafola ʻi he televisone. ʻOku ʻikai ko e tukupa pe ke ʻai ke maama ʻa e malaʻe, ka ke fai ia ʻi he tuʻunga tatau, ʻo ʻikai ha maama pea ʻi ha founga ʻoku ne feau ʻa e ngaahi fie maʻu pau ʻa e kau vaʻinga ʻi he tuʻunga kotoa pe. ʻE lava ʻe ha malaʻe ʻoku ʻikai maama lelei...

Ko e ha ʻoku faʻa mate ai ʻa e ngaahi maama LED kimuʻa pea nau moʻui? ʻOku fakaofo ʻa e chips LED ʻi heʻenau moʻui loloa, mo e lahi ʻoku fakafuofuaʻi ke tolonga houa ʻe 50,000 pe lahi ange. Neongo ia, ʻoku ʻiloʻi ʻe ha taha pe kuo ne ngaue mo e maama LED ʻe lava pea ʻoku ʻikai lava ʻa e ngaahi maama mo e ngaahi naunau kimuʻa ʻi he fakangatangata ko ʻeni. ʻOku faʻa iku ʻa e meʻa ko ʻeni ki he loto-foʻi, he ʻoku fepaki ʻa e talaʻofa ʻo ha maʻuʻanga maama "ʻi he kotoa ʻo e moʻui" mo e moʻoni ʻo ha foʻi ʻuhila kuo mate hili pe ha ngaahi taʻu siʻi. Ko e tukuakiʻi, ʻi he konga lahi ʻo e ngaahi meʻa, ʻoku ʻikai ko e LED chips, ka ko e fakaʻuli fakaʻilekitulonika ʻoku ne fakamalohiʻi kinautolu. Pea ʻi loto...

Ko e mahino ʻo e Ngaahi Pou ʻe Fa ʻo e Fua ʻo e Ngingila ʻo e LED ʻI he taimi ʻoku tau talanoa ai ki he "ngingila" ʻo ha maama LED, ʻoku tau faʻa fakaʻaongaʻi ha foʻi lea angamaheni ʻe lava ke ʻuhinga ki ha ngaahi meʻa kehekehe ʻi he ngaahi tukunga kehekehe. Ko e lahi fakakatoa ʻo e maama ʻoku hu mai mei he foʻi ʻuhila? Ko e malohi ʻo e fuʻu ʻakau ʻoku fakatefito ʻi ha feituʻu pau? Pe ko e tuʻunga ʻo e maama ʻi ho tesi pe ʻi ha malaʻe ʻakapulu? Ki he kau faʻu mama, kau ʻenisinia, mo e kau specifiers, ʻoku ʻikai ko ha meʻa noaʻia pe ʻa e ngaahi faikehekehe ko ʻeni; ʻoku nau mahuʻinga. Ke fakamatalaʻi totonu, fakafehoanaki mo fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e maama LED, ʻoku tau fakafalala ki he kehekehe ʻe fa, ka...

Ko e ʻuhinga ʻoku mahuʻinga ai ʻa e maama ʻo e ʻakau ki he ngoue ʻo onoponi ʻOku tupulaki maʻu pe ʻa e fie maʻu fakaemamani lahi ki hono ngaohi ʻo e meʻakai, pea ʻoku fakautuutu ʻa e fatongia mahuʻinga ʻo e ngoue ʻi he ʻatakai ʻoku puleʻi, tautautefito ki he greenhouses, ʻi hono feau ʻa e palopalema ko ʻeni. ʻOku ʻomi ʻe he greenhouses ʻa e malava ke fakaloloa ʻa e faʻahitaʻu tupu, maluʻi ʻa e ngoue mei he ʻea kovi, pea mo fakaleleiʻi ʻa e ngaahi tuʻunga ki he fua mo e tuʻunga lelei. Neongo ia, ʻoku ʻi ai ha meʻa mahuʻinga ʻoku ne faʻa fakangatangata ʻenau ngaue: ko e mama. ʻOku fakasiʻisiʻi ʻe he founga ngaohi ʻo ha fale ʻakau ʻa e lahi ʻo e huelo fakanatula ʻoku aʻu ki he ʻakau. ʻOku fakatupu ʻa e fakasiʻisiʻi ko ʻeni ʻe ha ngaahi meʻa lahi, kau ai ʻa e orientation mo e ngaahi konga ʻo e faʻunga ʻo e greenhouse, pea mo e mama...

Mahino ʻa e Liliu ʻi he Tekinolosia ʻo e Maama ʻo e Hala ʻi he Kolo ʻOku fetongi mamalie kae pau ʻa e maama ʻamipa angamaheni kuo ne fakamaama ʻa e ngaahi hala ʻo e kolo ʻi ha ngaahi taʻu lahi. ʻOku fakafofongaʻi ʻe he liliu ko ʻeni ʻa e taha ʻo e ngaahi fakaleleiʻi mahuʻinga taha ʻi he hisitolia ʻo e kolo ʻo onoponi, ʻa ia ʻoku teke ʻe he fie maʻu fakaemamani lahi ki hono fakatolonga ʻo e ivi mo hono fakasiʻisiʻi ʻo e emission ʻo e ʻea. ʻI he tupulaki ʻa e ʻekonomika mo e tokolahi ʻo e kakai ʻi he kolo, kuo hanga ʻe he fie maʻu ʻo e ivi ʻo teke lahi ʻa e ngaahi maʻuʻanga tokoni mo e ʻatakai. Ko e maama hala, ʻa ia ʻoku faʻa hoko ko e fakamole lahi taha ʻa e ʻuhila ʻa ha kolo—ʻo aʻu ki he 40% ʻo e moʻua ʻuhila ʻa ha kolo—kuo hoko ia ko ha tefitoʻi taumuʻa ki hono fakaleleiʻi ʻo e lavameʻa....

Ko e ha ʻa e LED PWM dimming pea ko e ha ʻoku fuʻu lahi ai hono fakaʻaongaʻi? Kuo hoko ʻa e PWM dimming, fakanounou ʻo e Pulse Width Modulation dimming, ko ha tekinolosia mahuʻinga mo angamaheni ʻi he mamani ʻo e maama LED, tautautefito ki he fakaʻuli LED mo e ngaahi koloa ʻoku maʻuʻanga ʻuhila. Ko hono uho, ko ha founga ia ke puleʻi ʻaki ʻa e maama ʻo ha LED ʻaki hono fakamoʻui mo tamateʻi vave ʻa e mama. ʻOku fakaʻaongaʻi ʻe he PWM dimming ha fakaʻilonga fakaʻilekitulonika ke aʻusia ʻa e ola tatau. ʻOku ʻoange ʻe he faikehekehe mahuʻinga ko ʻeni ki he PWM ha ngaahi lelei mahuʻinga, ʻa ia ko e...

Ko e mahino ʻo e Liliu mei he Metal Halide ki he LED ʻi he Maama Malohi Maʻolunga ʻI he ngaahi taʻu lahi, kuo hoko ʻa e maama 1000-watt metal halide ko ha hoosi ngaue ʻi he mamani ʻo e maama malohi maʻolunga. Kuo fakamaama ʻe he ngaahi maama malohi ko ʻeni hotau ngaahi feituʻu lalahi taha: ngaahi malaʻe sipoti, ngaahi fale tukuʻanga koloa, ngaahi feituʻu langa, ngaahi tauhiʻanga malaʻe vakapuna, mo e ngaahi tauʻanga meʻalele. Naʻe hanga ʻe heʻenau malava ke maʻu ha maama lahi mei ha maʻuʻanga tokoni siʻisiʻi pe ʻe taha ʻo ʻai ke nau hoko ko e tefitoʻi taumuʻa ki hono fakafonu ha feituʻu ʻaki ʻa e mama. Neongo ia, kuo liliu ʻaupito ʻa e tuʻunga ʻo e mama ʻi he hoko mai ʻa e tekinolosia LED malohi maʻolunga. ʻI he ʻaho ni, ko ha maama tafea LED 500-watt...

Mahino ʻa e Ngaahi Fie Maʻu Makehe ʻo e Maama ʻo ha Malaʻe Pasiketipolo Ko e pasiketipolo ko ha sipoti vave mo longomoʻui ia ʻoku fakahoko ʻi ha malaʻe tapafa pau. ʻOku hokohoko atu pe ʻa e ngaue, ʻa ia ʻoku ngaʻunu maʻu pe ʻa e kau vaʻinga, puna mo muimuiʻi ha kiʻi foʻi pulu lanu moli siʻisiʻi ʻi heʻene paasi, dribble, pea fanaʻi ki he ngaahi hoops ʻoku tuʻu ʻi he fute ʻe hongofulu ʻi he ʻataa. ʻOku hanga ʻe hono fakatahaʻi makehe ko ʻeni ʻo ha feituʻu vaʻinga pau, ngaʻunu vave ki ʻolunga mo fakahangatonu, pea mo e fie maʻu ke muimuiʻi ha meʻa ʻoku ngaʻunu vave ʻi he ngaahi puipuituʻa kehekehe. ʻOku mahulu hake ʻa e maama totonu ʻi hono ʻai pe ke maama ʻa e malaʻe; ʻOku ne fakapapauʻi ʻa e malu ʻa e kau vaʻinga, fakaʻata ʻa e lelei taha...

Ko e ha ʻoku kehe ai ʻa e maama ʻo e fale tukuʻanga koloa mei he maama fakalukufua? Ko e ngaahi fale tukuʻanga koloa ko ha ngaahi ʻatakai makehe ia ʻoku ʻi ai ha ngaahi faingataʻa mo ha ngaahi fakatuʻutamaki makehe ʻoku ʻikai maʻu ʻi he ngaahi feituʻu angamaheni ʻo e ʻofisi pe nofoʻanga. Ko e ngaahi feituʻu ia ʻoku fakaʻilongaʻi ʻaki ʻa e ʻaofi maʻolunga, ngaahi hala fasiʻi, ngaahi tukuʻanga koloa lahi, mo e feʻaveʻaki maʻu pe ʻa e kau ngaue mo e ngaahi misini mamafa hange ko e forklifts. Ko e maama ʻi ha faʻahinga ʻatakai pehee ʻoku ʻikai ko ha meʻa pe ia ke faingofua; ko ha founga malu mahuʻinga ia. ʻE lava ke hoko ha ngaahi fakatuʻutamaki lahi ʻi he kovi ʻa e mama, kau ai ʻa e fepaki ʻa e forklift mo e kau lue lalo, ʻiloʻi hala ʻo e koloa, to mei he maʻolunga, mo e ngaahi fehalaaki ʻi hono tokangaʻi ʻo e koloa. ʻIkai ngata ai, ʻoku faʻa tauhi ʻe he ngaahi fale tukuʻanga koloa ha ngaahi meʻa lahi ʻo e...

Ko e Ngaahi Fie Maʻu Makehe ʻo e Maama ʻo e Tenisi Tepile ʻOku faʻa ui ko e ping pong, ko ha sipoti ia ʻoku fuʻu vave, tonu mo reflexes. ʻOku ʻikai tatau ia mo e ngaahi sipoti kehe ʻoku fai ʻi ha malaʻe lahi, ko e feʻauhi kotoa ʻi he tenisi tepile ʻoku fakatefito ia ʻi ha kiʻi tepile siʻisiʻi ʻe 2.74m x 1.525m. Ko e foʻi pulu, ko ha fuopotopoto maʻamaʻa pe ʻe 40mm, ʻe lava ke lele ʻi he vave ʻo laka hake ʻi he 100 km/h. ʻOku hanga ʻe hono fakatahaʻi makehe ko ʻeni ʻo ha kiʻi meʻa siʻisiʻi mo vave mo ha feituʻu vaʻinga ʻoku fakangatangata ʻo fakatupu ha ngaahi fie maʻu ʻo e maama ʻoku kehe mei ha toe sipoti kehe. Ke fakahoko ʻe he kau vaʻinga honau lelei taha, pea mo e kau mamata ke...