Ko e Mahino ʻo e Ngaahi Palopalema Makehe ʻo e Maama ʻo ha Malaʻe ʻAkapulu

Ko e maama ʻo ha malaʻe ʻakapulu ko e taha ia ʻo e ngaahi ngaue faingataʻa taha ʻi he palani ʻo e maama sipoti. ʻOku ʻikai tatau ʻa e malaʻe ʻakapulu ko ha feituʻu lahi ia ʻi tuʻa (pe fuʻu lahi ʻi loto) ʻa ia kuo pau ke sio ki ai ʻa e kau vaʻinga, kau ʻofisiale mo ha kiʻi foʻi pulu mei he tafaʻaki kotoa pe. ʻOku ʻikai ko e pole ke ngingila pe ʻa e malaʻe, ka ke fai ia ʻi ha founga ʻoku feau ai ʻa e ngaahi fie maʻu ʻa e kau vaʻinga ʻi he tuʻunga kotoa pe. ʻE lava ke maʻu ha mahino lahi ki he lahi ʻo e malaʻe, tuʻunga ʻo e vaʻinga, mo e tuʻunga ʻo e mama. Tatau ai pe pe ko ha kiʻi malaʻe fakamalohisino siʻisiʻi pe ko ha fuʻu malaʻe vaʻinga lahi ʻoku fai ai ha feʻauhi fakavahaʻapuleʻanga, ʻoku kei tatau pe ʻa e ngaahi tefitoʻi moʻoni mahuʻinga ʻo e palani lelei ʻo e mama, ka kuo pau ke fakafeʻungaʻi hono fakaʻaongaʻi ki he ngaahi fie maʻu pau ʻo e feituʻu. ʻE vakaiʻi ʻe he fakahinohino ko ʻeni ʻa e ngaahi fie maʻu mahuʻinga ʻo e maama ʻakapulu mo e ongo tefitoʻi palani fola ʻoku fakaʻaongaʻi ke aʻusia kinautolu: ko e fokotuʻutuʻu ʻo e tuliki ʻe fa mo e fokotuʻutuʻu ʻo e tafaʻaki (pe tafaʻaki).

Ko e ha ʻa e lalahi angamaheni ki he ngaahi malaʻe ʻakapulu kehekehe?

Ko e ʻuluaki sitepu ke mahino ʻa e lahi ʻo e feituʻu vaʻinga. ʻOku kehekehe ʻaupito ʻa e lahi ʻo e malaʻe ʻakapulu ʻo makatuʻunga ʻi he founga ʻo e vaʻinga. Ki he ʻakapulu 5-a-side, ko e feituʻu feʻauhi ʻoku tapafa, mita ʻe 25 ki he 42 pea mita ʻe 15 ki he 25 hono maolahi. ʻOku fefeka ange ʻa e ngaahi fie maʻu, mita ʻe 38 ki he 42 pea mita ʻe 18 ki he 22. ʻOku fie maʻu ha malaʻe lahi ange, mita ʻe 65 ki he 68 hono loloa pea mita ʻe 45 ki he 48 hono maolahi. Ko e founga angamaheni taha, ʻakapulu 11, ʻoku lahi taha hono fua ʻo fakatatau ki he lao ʻo e vaʻinga. ʻE lava ke mita ʻe 90 ki he 120 pea mita ʻe 45 ki he 90 hono maolahi. Neongo ia, ʻi he ngaahi feʻauhi fakavahaʻapuleʻanga, hange ko ia ʻoku puleʻi ʻe he FIFA, ʻoku fasiʻi ange ʻa e fua ki ha feituʻu siʻisiʻi ange: ko e loloa ko e mita ʻe 105 ki he 110 pea mita ʻe 68 ki he 75 hono maolahi. ʻOku faʻa lau ʻa e malaʻe angamaheni ki he ngaahi feʻauhi maʻolunga ko e mita ʻe 105 mo e mita ʻe 68. ʻOku mahuʻinga hono ʻiloʻi ʻo e fua ko ʻeni ki hono fikaʻi ʻo e ʻelia fakakatoa ʻoku fie maʻu ke fakamamaʻi pea mo fakapapauʻi ʻa e maʻolunga mo e tuʻunga lelei taha ʻo e ngaahi maama ke fakapapauʻi ʻoku kakato mo faitatau.

Ko e ha ʻa e ngaahi fie maʻu ki he tuʻunga kehekehe ʻo e vaʻinga?

ʻOku ʻikai ko ha fika pau ʻa e lahi ʻo e maama ʻoku fie maʻu ʻi he malaʻe ʻakapulu. ʻOku kehekehe ʻaupito ʻo makatuʻunga ʻi he tuʻunga ʻo e feʻauhi mo e televisone. ʻOku faʻa fakafaʻahinga ʻa e maama ki ha ngaahi kalasi kehekehe, mei he ngaahi ʻekitiviti ako faingofua ki he fakamafola fakavahaʻapuleʻanga. ʻOku feʻunga pe ʻa e maama ʻo e 200 lux. ʻOku fakaʻata ʻe he tuʻunga ko ʻeni ʻa e kau vaʻinga ke nau sio malu ki he pulu mo e niʻihi kehe ki he ako vaʻinga. Ki he ngaahi feʻauhi kalapu mo e ngaahi feʻauhi fakalotofonua, ʻoku aʻu ʻa e fie maʻu ki he 300 lux. ʻI he taimi ʻoku tau hiki ai ki he ngaahi feʻauhi fakapalofesinale ʻoku ʻikai fakamafola televisone. ʻOku liliu lahi ʻa e ngaahi fie maʻu ʻi he taimi ʻoku hu mai ai ʻa e televisone. Ki he fakamafola TV fakalukufua ʻo e ngaahi vaʻinga, ʻoku hiki ʻa e fie maʻu ki he 1000 lux ʻi he feituʻu vaʻinga. ʻOku fakapapauʻi ʻe he meʻa ni ʻe lava ke maʻu ʻe he ngaahi meʻangaue angamaheni ʻa e ngaahi ʻata mahino mo fakaikiiki. Ko e tuʻunga maʻolunga taha ʻo e maama ʻoku tuku pe ia ki he ngaahi feʻauhi fakavahaʻapuleʻanga lalahi ʻoku fakamafola ʻi he high-definition (HDTV), hange ko e FIFA World Cup pe UEFA Champions League finals. Ki he ngaahi meʻa ko ʻeni, kuo pau ke aʻu ʻa e maama ki he 1400 lux pe maʻolunga ange. ʻIkai ngata ai, ʻoku ʻi ai ha ngaahi fie maʻu pau ki he maama fakatuʻupake ʻo e TV, ʻa ia ʻoku faʻa fakafuofua ki he 1000 lux, ʻa ia kuo pau ke maʻu ʻi he taimi pe ko ia ʻo kapau ʻe mate ʻa e ʻuhila ke fakapapauʻi ʻe lava ke hoko atu ʻa e fakamafola pe ʻe lava ke fakaʻosi lelei ʻa e polokalama. ʻOku toe mahuʻinga foki ke fakatokangaʻi ʻoku faʻa maʻolunga ange ʻa e ngaahi fie maʻu ʻa e ngaahi feituʻu ʻakapulu ʻi loto koeʻuhi ko e ʻikai ke ʻi ai ha maama ʻatakai mo e natula ʻo e ʻatakai.

Ko e ha ʻa e ngaahi tefitoʻi palani ki hono fokotuʻu ʻo e maama ʻo e malaʻe ʻakapulu?

ʻOku ʻi ai ha founga tefito ʻe ua ki hono fokotuʻu ʻo e maama ki ha malaʻe ʻakapulu: ko e fokotuʻutuʻu tuliki fa mo e tafaʻaki. ʻOku takitaha ʻi ai hono ngaahi ʻulungaanga, lelei mo e ngaahi meʻa lelei. ʻOku makatuʻunga ʻa e fili ʻi he ngaahi meʻa hange ko e tuʻuʻanga ʻo e malaʻe, fokotuʻutuʻu ʻo e malaʻe vaʻinga, patiseti mo e tuʻunga ʻo e maama ʻoku fie maʻu. Ko e fokotuʻutuʻu tuliki ʻe fa ko ha founga angamaheni ia ʻoku fakaʻaongaʻi, tautautefito ki he ngaahi malaʻe vaʻinga ʻoku ʻikai ke ʻi ai hano ʻato. ʻOku kau ki hono fokotuʻu ʻo e ngaahi maʻuʻanga maama maʻolunga ʻe fa ʻi he tuliki takitaha ʻo e malaʻe. ʻOku mahuʻinga ke mahino ʻa e ngaahi meʻa kehekehe ʻo e palani takitaha ki hono fili ʻo e founga totonu ki ha ngaue.

ʻOku ngaue fefe ʻa e fokotuʻutuʻu ʻo e tuliki ʻe fa pea mo e feituʻu ʻoku fokotuʻu ai ʻa e ngaahi pou?

ʻOku fokotuʻu ʻa e ngaahi pou maʻolunga ʻe fa ʻi tuʻa ʻi he tuliki ʻe fa ʻo e malaʻe vaʻinga. Ko e tefitoʻi taumuʻa ke fokotuʻu ʻa e ngaahi pou ko ʻeni ʻi tuʻa ʻi he feituʻu angamaheni ʻo e kau sipoti ke fakasiʻisiʻi ʻa e ulo mo e fakahohaʻa. Ko e feituʻu angamaheni ʻo e ngaahi pou tuliki ko ʻeni ʻoku ʻi he diagonal ʻo e malaʻe ʻakapulu. Neongo ia, ʻoku puleʻi ʻa e tuʻuʻanga totonu ʻe he ngaahi fakangatangata ke maluʻi ʻa e vakai ʻa e kau vaʻinga mahuʻinga. Ki he ngaahi feituʻu ʻoku ʻikai fie maʻu ke fakamafola TV, ʻoku fokotuʻu ʻa e ngaahi pou ʻi he 5° ʻi tuʻa ʻi he laine lotomalie mo e 10° ʻi tuʻa ʻi he laine tataʻo. ʻOku faʻa fakangatangata ange ʻa e ngaahi tuliki ko ʻeni. Kuo pau ke ʻoua naʻa siʻi hifo ʻi he 15° ʻa e tuliki ʻi tuʻa ʻi he laine tataʻo. ʻOku mahuʻinga ʻa e fakataumuʻa ʻo e ngaahi maama ki hono mapuleʻi ʻo e mama. Ko ha lao mahuʻinga ʻoku ʻikai totonu ke lahi ange ʻi he 70° ʻa e tuliki ʻo e maama ʻakapulu. ʻOku fakapapauʻi ʻe he meʻa ni ʻoku lahi ange ʻi he 20° ʻa e tuliki ʻi ʻolunga ʻi he tafaʻaki ʻoku fufuuʻi ai ʻa e mama. ʻIkai ngata ai, ʻoku faʻa hanga ki muʻa ʻa e ngaahi maama fola ʻaki ha 15°. ʻOku taʻofi ʻe he tilt ko ʻeni ʻa e ngaahi ʻotu maama ʻi ʻolunga mei he ʻotu ʻi lalo.

Ko e ha ʻa e fokotuʻutuʻu ʻo e tafaʻaki (leta mama mo e fokotuʻutuʻu ʻo e ngaahi pou lahi)?

Ko e founga angamaheni taha ia ki he ngaahi malaʻe vaʻinga ʻoku ʻi ai honau ʻato. Ko e fotunga lahi taha ko e fokotuʻutuʻu leta mama. ʻI he palani ko ʻeni, ʻoku ʻomi ʻe he tapa ʻo e ʻato ha tuʻunga fakanatula mo maʻolunga ke poupouʻi ʻaki ʻa e maama ʻo e mama. ʻOku ʻikai ko ha pou tuliki maʻolunga ʻe fa. ʻOku ʻomi ʻe he founga ko ʻeni ha ngaahi lelei lahi ʻi he tuliki ʻe fa. Koeʻuhi ʻoku fokotuʻu ofi ange ʻa e mama ki he malaʻe pea ʻi ha maʻolunga maʻulalo ange ʻi he pou tuliki. ʻOku fakahangatonu ange ʻa e mama ki he malaʻe, ʻo maʻu ai ha maama lelei ange pea siʻisiʻi ange ʻa e mama. Ka ko e tuʻuʻanga ʻo e leta mama ko ʻeni ʻoku moʻulaloa ia ki hono ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni fefeka ke maluʻi ʻa e ngaahi feituʻu ʻoku sio ki ai. He ʻikai lava ke fokotuʻu ʻa e maama ʻi ha feituʻu mahuʻinga kuo fakamahinoʻi mei he laine tataʻo. Makatuʻunga ʻi he lotolotonga ʻo e laine tataʻo, ʻoku fokotuʻu ha tuliki ʻe 15° ki he ongo tafaʻaki. ʻOku ʻikai lava ke fokotuʻu ha meʻangaue ki he maama ʻi he feituʻu ko ʻeni ʻe 15°, ke fakapapauʻi ʻoku ʻikai fakakuihi ʻe ha maama fakahangatonu ʻa e leʻo pe tokotaha maluʻi ʻoku sio ki he fuka ʻo e tuliki. Kuo fakalahi ʻe he ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni kimui ni mai ʻa e feituʻu fakataputapui ko ʻeni. ʻOku kau ai ha feituʻu ʻoku 20° ki tuʻa mei he laine tataʻo pea aʻu ki he tuliki ʻo e 45° ki he tafaʻaki. Ko e maʻolunga ʻoku fie maʻu ki ha leta mama ʻoku fikaʻi ia ʻo makatuʻunga ʻi hono mamaʻo mei he malaʻe. ʻOku fakaʻaongaʻi ha founga faingofua, h = d * tan(ø), ʻa ia ko e d ko e mamaʻo mei he vaeuaʻanga ki he pou mama pea ko e ø ko e tuliki siʻisiʻi taha (angamaheni ʻo ʻikai toe siʻi hifo ʻi he 25°).

Ko e fokotuʻutuʻu hono ua ʻo e tafaʻaki ko e fokotuʻutuʻu ʻo e ngaahi pou lahi. ʻOku faʻa fakaʻaongaʻi ʻeni ʻi he ngaahi malaʻe vaʻinga ʻoku ʻikai ke ʻi ai ha ʻato hokohoko pe ʻi he ngaahi tuʻunga ʻoku ʻikai lava ke ʻi ai ha leta mama. ʻOku fokotuʻu ʻa e ngaahi pou kehekehe ʻi he ongo tafaʻaki fakatouʻosi. ʻOku lava ke feliliuaki ʻa e lahi mo e maʻolunga ʻo e ngaahi pou ki he fua mo e ngaahi fie maʻu pau ʻo e malaʻe. ʻOku kau ʻi he fokotuʻutuʻu angamaheni ʻa e fokotuʻutuʻu ʻo e pou ʻe fa (ua ʻi he tafaʻaki takitaha) pe fokotuʻutuʻu pou ʻe valu (fa ʻi he tafaʻaki takitaha). Ko e angamaheni, ʻe lava ke kiʻi maʻulalo ange ʻa e ngaahi pou ʻi he tuliki ʻe fa koeʻuhi he ʻoku nau ofi ange ki he malaʻe. ʻOku fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni mahuʻinga tatau ki he fakaʻehiʻehi mei he laine ʻo e leʻo. ʻI he vaeuaʻanga malie ʻo e laine tataʻo, he ʻikai lava ke fokotuʻu ʻa e ngaahi pou ʻi loto ʻi he 10° ʻi he ongo tafaʻaki ʻo e laine ko ia. ʻOku fakapapauʻi heni ʻoku ʻikai ke ulo fakahangatonu ʻa e kau vaʻinga ʻi he ngaahi tuʻunga faingataʻa taha ʻi he malaʻe, ʻo tauhi ai ha ʻatakai vaʻinga ʻoku malu mo totonu.

Ngaahi Fehuʻi ʻOku Faʻa ʻEke Fekauʻaki mo e Maama ʻo e Malaʻe ʻAkapulu

Ko e lux ʻe fiha ʻoku fie maʻu ki ha vaʻinga ʻakapulu fakapalofesinale ʻi he televisone?

Ki ha feʻauhi ʻakapulu fakapalofesinale ʻi he televisone, ko e maama ʻoku fie maʻu ko e 1000 lux ki he ngaahi fakamafola angamaheni. Ki he ngaahi feʻauhi fakavahaʻapuleʻanga lalahi ʻoku fakamafola ʻi he high-definition (HDTV), hange ko e FIFA World Cup, ʻoku maʻolunga ange ʻa e fie maʻu, ʻo faʻa 1400 lux pe lahi ange ʻi he feituʻu vaʻinga, mo e ngaahi fie maʻu pau ke faitatau mo e mafana ʻo e lanu ki he ngaue lelei taha ʻa e meʻafaitaa.

Ko e ha ʻa e lelei ʻo e fokotuʻutuʻu ʻo e maama tuliki ʻe fa?

ʻOku faʻa saiʻia ange ʻa e fokotuʻutuʻu tuliki ʻe fa, ʻo fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e ngaahi pou maʻolunga ʻi he tuliki takitaha ʻo e malaʻe, ki he ngaahi malaʻe vaʻinga ʻoku ʻikai ke ʻi ai ha tuʻunga pe ʻato lahi. Ko hono tefitoʻi lelei ko ʻene fokotuʻu ʻa e ngaahi maʻuʻanga mama ʻo mamaʻo mei he malaʻe, ʻo fakasiʻisiʻi ʻa e fakafeʻatungiaʻi pea fakaʻata ke mahino mo ʻataʻata mei he tuʻunga. Ko ha founga lahi foki ia ʻe lava ke liliu ki he ngaahi feituʻu kehekehe ʻo e malaʻe vaʻinga, neongo ʻoku fie maʻu ha ngaahi pou maʻolunga ʻaupito ke maʻu ʻa e faitatau lelei.

Ko e ha ʻoku fakangatangata ai ʻa e ngaahi feituʻu ki hono fokotuʻu ʻo e ngaahi pou mama ofi ki he laine tataʻo?

Ko e ngaahi feituʻu fakataputapui ko ʻeni, ʻoku faʻa fakaʻuhingaʻi ʻaki ʻa e ngaahi tuliki mei he laine tataʻo, ʻoku fakataumuʻa ia ke maluʻi ʻa e vakai ʻa e leʻo koloa mo e kau vaʻinga ʻoku nau ʻohofi ia. ʻI he taimi ʻoku hanga ai ha taha vaʻinga ki he fuka ʻo e tuliki pe muimuiʻi ha foʻi pulu maʻolunga, ʻe tuʻu hangatonu pe ha maʻuʻanga maama ʻi he feituʻu ko ʻeni, ʻo fakatupu ai ha maama ʻoku ʻikai ke nau lava ʻo sio ki ai. ʻOku fakapapauʻi ʻe he ngaahi fakataputapui ʻoku fokotuʻu ʻa e ngaahi maama kotoa pe ʻi tuʻa ʻi he malaʻe mahuʻinga ko ʻeni, ʻo fakatupu ha ʻatakai malu mo lelei ange ki he kau vaʻinga.