Mahino ʻa e Ola Lelei ʻo e LED: Ko e ha ʻoku ʻikai toe ngaue ai ʻa e LED Beads?

Kimuʻa pea ke ʻilo ʻa e ngaahi founga ʻiloʻi, ʻoku mahuʻinga ke mahino pe ko e ha ʻa e LED kuo maumau. ʻI he lahi taha ʻo e ngaahi koloa mama, ʻoku fokotuʻutuʻu ʻa e ngaahi foʻi kula LED ʻi hehokohoko mo e ngaahi circuits parallel. ʻOku fakapapauʻi ʻe he fehokotakiʻanga hokohoko ʻoku tafe mai ʻa e ʻau tatau ʻi he ngaahi foʻi fo ʻI he parallel circuits, ʻe ʻikai lava ke tamateʻi ʻe ha foʻi foʻi meʻa ʻe taha ʻa e polokalama kotoa ka ʻe lava ke ne fakatupu ʻa e tufaki ʻo e lolotonga ʻoku ʻikai tatau, ʻo iku ki he taʻemalava vave ʻa e ngaahi foʻi foʻi kula kehe.

Ko e ʻulungaanga angamaheni ʻo ha foʻi kula LED ʻoku maumau pe motuʻa ko e ngingila fakalukufua ʻo e mama ʻoku ʻikai feʻunga pe kemo. Neongo ia, ʻoku ʻikai fakatupu ʻa e dimming kotoa pe ʻe he mate LEDs; taimi ʻe niʻihi ko e fakaʻuli. Ko hono ʻiloʻi ʻo e founga ke fakamavaheʻi ai ʻa e palopalema ʻo fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e ngaahi tefitoʻi meʻangaue hange ko e multimeter ko ha potoʻi ngaue mahuʻinga ia ki he kau manako ʻi he DIY, kau ngaue fakaʻuhila mo e kau mataotao ʻi hono tokangaʻi.

Ko e ha ʻa e founga lelei taha ke siviʻi ʻaki ha foʻi foʻi LED?

ʻOku ʻi ai ha ngaahi founga lahi ke siviʻi ʻaki ha LED, ka ʻi hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo haMultimeter Fakaʻilekitulonikako e falalaʻanga mo maʻu lelei taha ia. Koeʻuhi ko e LED ko ha diode (ko ha Light Emitting Diode), ʻoku ne fakaʻata ʻa e lolotonga ke tafe ʻi he feituʻu pe ʻe taha. Ko e koloa ko ʻeni ʻoku tau fakaʻaongaʻi lolotonga hono siviʻi.

Ko e founga hangatonu taha ko eFounga Sivi ʻo e Diodeʻi ha multimeter fakaʻilekitulonika. ʻOku ʻikai hange ko e sivi angamaheni ʻo e resistance, ʻoku ʻave ʻe he diode mode ha kiʻi ʻau siʻisiʻi ʻi he konga pea fua ʻa e to ʻa e voltage. Ki ha LED angamaheni, ʻoku angamaheni ʻaki ʻa e to ʻa e voltage ko ʻeni ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e 1.8V mo e 3.3V, ʻo makatuʻunga ʻi he lanu (ʻoku maʻulalo ange ʻa e LED kulokula, maʻolunga ange ʻa e lanu pulu/hinehina). Kapau ʻoku moʻui lelei ʻa e LED, te ne tuku atu ha ulo siʻisiʻi. Kapau ʻoku ʻikai ke ʻi ai ha laukonga (OL, pe Open Line) pe ʻikai ulo ʻa e LED, ʻoku ngalingali ʻoku maumau. Kiate kinautolu ʻoku nau fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e analog (pointer type) multimeter, ʻe lava ke fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e R×1 (Resistance 1 Ohm), ʻa ia ʻoku ne ʻomi foki mo e ʻau feʻunga ke ulo nounou ʻaki ha LED.

Founga hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo ha multimeter ke ʻiloʻi ʻa e LED kuo maumau: Sitepu ki he sitepu

ʻOku nofotaha ʻa e founga ko ʻeni ʻi he sivi ʻo e diode mode, ʻa ia ko e tuʻunga koula ia ki hefounga hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo ha multimeter ke ʻiloʻi ʻa e LED kuo maumaungaahi konga. Te tau fakamatalaʻi fakatouʻosi ʻa e ngaahi sivi ʻi loto mo tuʻa.

Sitepu 1: Malu mo e Teuteu

ʻUluaki, fakapapauʻi ʻoku motuhi kakato ʻa e ʻuhila ki he circuit. Kapau ʻoku ke ʻahiʻahiʻi ha foʻi ʻuhila LED, toʻo ia mei he meʻa ʻoku fie maʻu. Kapau ʻoku ke siviʻi ha konga ʻi ha circuit board, tamateʻi ʻa e ʻuhila ʻoku ʻi ai. Fokotuʻu hoʻo multimeter fakaʻilekitulonika ki heFakaʻilonga ʻo e Diode(ʻoku faʻa fakafofongaʻi ʻe ha fakaʻilonga diode mo ha ngaahi laine takatakai). Fakahu ʻa e taki ʻuliʻuli ki he COM port mo e lanu kulokula ki he VΩ port.

Sitepu 2: ʻIloʻi ʻo e Polarity

ʻOku polarized ʻa e LEDs. ʻOku ui ʻa e taki lelei ko eAnode, pea ko e kovi ko eCathode. ʻI he lahi taha ʻo e ngaahi foʻi kula LED, te ke lava ʻo ʻiloʻi ʻa e cathode ʻaki haʻo kumi ha tapa lafalafa ʻi he fale pe ko ha fakaʻilonga lanu mata ʻi he solder pad (faʻa ko ha fakaʻilonga minus pe ko ha tab lanu mata). ʻOku faʻa fakahaaʻi foki ʻe he uaea taki loloa ange (kapau ʻoku ʻikai kosi) ʻa e anode. Fakafehokotaki ʻa efakatotolo kulokula ki he anodepea mo efakatotolo ʻuliʻuli ki he cathode. ʻOku ʻiloa ʻeni ko e forward bias.

Sitepu 3: Fakaʻuhingaʻi ʻo e Laukonga

Lomiʻi ʻa e ngaahi sivi ki he pads pe leads. ʻE fai ʻe ha LED moʻui lelei ha meʻa ʻe ua: ʻe fakaʻaliʻali mai ʻe he multimeter ha voltage ki muʻa (e.g., 1.8V ki he 3.2V), pea ʻe tuku mai ʻe he LED ha maama siʻisiʻi ʻaupito (mahalo ʻe fie maʻu ke ke fakapoʻuli ʻa e maama ʻo e loki pe fakamalumalu ʻaki ho nima ke sio ki ai). Kapau ʻoku ʻasi mai ʻi he fakaʻaliʻali ʻa e "OL" (Over Limit) pe "1", pea ʻoku ʻikai ke ʻi ai ha mama, ʻoku ava ʻa e LED (maumau). Kapau te ke fulihi ʻa e ngaahi probes (ʻuliʻuli ki he anode, kulokula ki he cathode) pea maʻu ha laukonga, ʻoku nounou pe leaky ʻa e LED, ʻa ia ʻoku ne fakahaaʻi foki ʻa e taʻelavameʻa.

Tokoni ki he Polokalama:ʻOku ʻi ai e taimi ʻe niʻihi ʻoku ʻikai malohi feʻunga ʻa e sivi ʻo e multimeter ke fakamaama ʻa e LED malohi maʻolunga (hange ko e 1W pe 3W beads). ʻI he meʻa ni, falala ki he voltage reading. Kapau ʻoku ke maʻu ha to tuʻumaʻu ʻo e voltage ʻi loto ʻi he tuʻunga ʻoku ʻamanaki ki ai, ʻoku ngalingali ʻoku kei tuʻu maʻu pe ʻa e fehokotakiʻanga ʻo e diode.

Ko e ha ʻoku fakahaaʻi ai ʻe he multimeter ʻa e hokohoko atu ka ʻoku ʻikai ulo ʻa e LED?

Ko ha puputuʻu angamaheni ʻeni. ʻOku siviʻi ʻe he founga sivi ʻo e diode ʻi ha multimeter ʻa e fehokotakiʻanga semiconductor, kae ʻikai ko e phosphor pe ko e tuʻunga totonu ʻo e uaea haʻi. Kapau naʻe faingataʻaʻia ʻa e LED ʻi he maumau ʻa e "feituʻu fakapoʻuli" (ʻa ia kuo vela ai ʻa e uaea haʻi), ʻe fakahaaʻi ʻe he multimeter ʻa e "OL" koeʻuhi he ʻoku ava ʻa e circuit. Ka neongo ia, kapau ʻoku faingataʻaʻia ʻa e LED mei hefakaʻauha ʻo e phosphorpe motuʻa, ʻe kei ongo fakaʻuhila pe ʻa e fehokotakiʻanga diode (ʻoku fakahaaʻi ai ʻa e to totonu ʻo e voltage), ka ʻoku siʻisiʻi ʻaupito ʻa e maama. ʻOku faʻa ui ʻeni ko e "motuʻa LED" pe "lumen degradation." ʻI he ngaahi meʻa pehee, ʻoku lava ʻa e sivi ʻo e multimeter, ka ʻoku fakapoʻuli ʻa e LED.

Ki he LEDs motuʻa, ʻoku kei tuʻu pe ʻa e ngaahi koloa fakaʻuhila, ka ʻoku ʻikai lava ʻa e output ʻo e ʻata. Ko e feituʻu ʻeni ʻoku fie maʻu ai ʻa e ngaahi founga kehe ʻo e ʻiloʻi, hange ko e parallel test pe wire shorting method.

Ko e ha ʻa e founga ʻo e fakamaau tatau ki hono kumi ʻo e LED kovi?

ʻI he taimi ʻoku fengaueʻaki ai mo emotuʻa ʻa e ngaahi foʻi maama LEDʻa ia kuo mole ʻa e ngingila ka ʻoku kei ʻasi pe ʻa e ngaahi ʻulungaanga ʻo e diode ʻi ha mita, ʻoku fuʻu ʻaonga ʻaupito ʻa e founga ʻo e fakamaau tatau. ʻOku makatuʻunga ʻa e founga ko ʻeni ʻi he tefitoʻi moʻoni ʻo e fakaʻehiʻehi mei ha fehokotakiʻanga vaivai ʻi ha siakale hokohoko.

Ko e Sivi Tatau ʻo e "LED Lelei"

ʻOku fie maʻu ʻe he founga ko ʻeni ha LED 1W ʻoku ʻiloʻi mo ngaue kakato. Solder ʻa e ngaahi uaea nounou mo feliliuaki ki he pine takitaha ʻo e LED "lelei" ko ʻeni ke liliu ia ki ha sivi toʻotoʻo. ʻI he taimi ni, ʻi hono fakamoʻui ʻa e foʻi ʻuhila ʻoku maumau (fakalelei, pea mo e insulation totonu), ala ki he ongo ngataʻanga ʻo e sivi ʻo hoʻo LED lelei ʻi he solder pads ʻo e foʻi ʻuhila LED takitaha ʻi he foʻi ʻuhila ʻoku mahaloʻi. Koeʻuhi ko hoʻo siviʻi LED ko ha hala ʻoku maʻulalo ʻa e resistance, te ne kaihaʻasi ʻa e ʻau mei he bead ʻoku ke siviʻi. Kapau te ke ala ki ha foʻi foʻi kula moʻui lelei, ʻoku ʻikai ha meʻa fakaofo ʻe hoko. Ka ʻo kapau te ke ala ki ha foʻi ʻuhila ʻoku vaivai pe motuʻa, ʻe fakalaka ʻa e LED sivi lelei mei he foʻi ʻuhila vaivai ko ia, ʻo fakaʻata ha ʻau lahi ange ke tafe mai ʻi he toenga ʻo e ngaahi foʻi ʻuhilatupulaki lahi. Ko e foʻi foʻi pia ʻoku ne fakatupu ʻa e puna ko ʻeni ʻi he ngingila ko e foʻi pulu ko ia ʻoku fehalaaki.

Ko hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo ha uaea faingofua ki he founga shorting

Kapau ʻoku ʻikai ke ʻi ai haʻo LED 1W talifaki, te ke lava ʻo fakaʻaongaʻi ha kiʻi konga uaea insulated ʻoku toʻo ʻa e ngaahi muiʻi uaea (ko ha "uaea shorting"). ʻI hono fakamoʻui ʻo e foʻi ʻuhila, nounou fakalelei tahataha ʻi he solder pads ʻo e foʻi foʻi foʻi ʻuhila LED takitaha.Fakatokanga:Tokanga ʻaupito ke ʻoua naʻa ke ala ki ha foʻi foʻi kula kehekehe ʻe ua pe ko ha konga kehe ʻo e circuit ʻi he taimi tatau ke fakaʻehiʻehi mei ha halanga nounou. ʻI he taimi ʻoku ke nounou ai ʻi ha foʻi kula moʻui lelei, ʻoku mate ʻa e foʻi foʻi kula (ʻi hoʻo fakalaka mei ai), ka ʻoku kei ulo pe ʻa e toenga. Ka neongo ia, kapau te ke nounou ʻi ha foʻi foʻi ʻuhila motuʻa pe ava ʻa ia ʻoku ne fakatupu ke maʻolunga ʻa e fakafepaki ʻa e circuit, ʻe fakakakato ʻe he nounou ʻa e siakale ki he ngaahi foʻi foʻi kula kehe, pea ʻe fakatokangaʻi ʻa e maama lahi ange ʻa e foʻi ʻuhila. ʻOku ʻiloʻi heni ʻa e foʻi foʻi kula ʻoku palopalema.

Fakatokangaʻi ʻo e Malu:ʻOku totonu ke fakahoko ʻi he tokanga ʻa e founga shorting uaea mo e sivi tatau. Ngaue ʻi ha feituʻu momoa, fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e ngaahi meʻangaue ʻoku ʻikai ke ʻi ai ha uaea, pea fakaʻehiʻehi mei he ala ki he ngaahi uaea ʻoku ʻikai ke ʻi ai. Kapau ʻoku ʻikai ke ke ongoʻi fiemalie ʻi he ngaue mo e live circuits, toʻo ʻa e foʻi ʻuhila mo e ngaahi konga ʻo e sivi mei he circuit ʻo fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e sivi ʻo e multimeter diode.

Founga ke fili ai ʻa e ngaahi fokotuʻutuʻu totonu ʻo e multimeter ki hono siviʻi ʻo e LED

ʻOku ʻikai faʻu tatau ʻa e multimeters kotoa pe. Ke tonuʻiloʻi ʻa e LED kuo maumauʻOku fie maʻu ke mahino kiate koe ʻa e ngaahi fokotuʻutuʻu.

• Diode Test Mode (Fakaʻilonga: →+):Ko e tefitoʻi feituʻu ʻeni. ʻOku ne faʻa output ha ʻau ʻo e 1mA ki he 2mA. ʻOku feʻunga ʻeni ki he LED fakaʻilonga angamaheni mo e fanga kiʻi LED SMD iiki.
• Resistance Mode (Ω):ʻE lava ke ngaue ʻa hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo e R×1 pe R×10 ʻi ha mita analog, ka ʻoku ʻikai fuʻu tonu. ʻI ha meʻafua fakaʻilekitulonika, mahalo he ʻikai ke ʻomi ʻe he resistance mode ha voltage feʻunga ke fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e LED, ʻo iku ai ki he ʻikai ke lau ʻo aʻu pe ki ha LED lelei.
• Vakaiʻi ʻo e Voltage (V):He ʻikai te ke lava ʻo siviʻi ha LED ʻoku ʻikai ke ʻuhila ki he ngaue ʻaki ha voltage setting. Neongo ia, te ke lava ʻo fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e DC voltage setting ʻi ha circuit powered ke vakai pe ʻoku aʻu ʻa e voltage ki he afo LED, ʻa ia ʻoku tokoni ki hono siviʻi ʻo e ngaahi palopalema ʻo e fakaʻuli mo e ngaahi palopalema ʻo e bead.

Kapau ʻoku ʻikai ke ʻi ai ha diode mode ʻi hoʻo multimeter, te ke lava ʻo fakaʻaongaʻi he taimi ʻe niʻihi ʻa e socket ʻo e transistor tester (hFE), ka ʻoku ʻikai ko ha founga angamaheni ʻeni. Ki he tokolahi taha ʻo e kau fakaʻaongaʻi, ʻoku mahuʻinga ʻa e mode diode.

Ngaahi fehalaaki angamaheni ʻi he taimi ʻoku siviʻi ai ʻa e LEDs ʻaki ha Multimeter

Naʻa mo e kau ʻenisinia taukei te nau lava ʻo fai ha ngaahi fehalaaki. Ko e ngaahi faingataʻa lahi taha ʻeni ʻi he taimi ʻoku fakaʻaongaʻi ai ha multimeter ke vakaiʻi ʻa e LEDs:

1. Polarity Hala:Ko hono fetongi ʻo e probes (anode ki he ʻuliʻuli, cathode ki he kulokula) ʻe ʻikai ke lau, ʻo faʻifaʻitaki ki ha LED kovi. Fakapapauʻi maʻu pe ʻa e polarity ʻo e foʻi piko.
2. Fakahohaʻasi ʻi he Circuit:ʻE lava ke ʻomi ʻe hono siviʻi ʻo ha LED lolotonga ʻene kei soldered ʻi ha circuit faingataʻa (tautautefito ki he transformers pe ICs kehe) ʻa e ngaahi lau hala koeʻuhi he ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi hala tatau ki he lolotonga. Kapau ʻe lava, hiki hake ha vaʻe ʻe taha ʻo e LED pe toʻo ʻa e meʻa ke siviʻi totonu.
3. Lau hala ʻa e "OL":ʻI he ngaahi multimeter fakaʻilekitulonika lahi, ʻoku ʻuhinga ʻa e "OL" ki he Open Line. ʻI he diode mode, ʻoku faʻa fakahaaʻi ʻe he meʻa ni ʻoku ʻikai ke conducting ʻa e konga (kovi), ka ʻoku ne fakahaaʻi foki pe ʻoku fehokotaki fakaholomui ʻa e probes. Toe vakaiʻi hoʻo ngaahi fehokotakiʻanga.
4. Fakakaukau ʻoku ulo kotoa ʻa e LEDs:Hange ko ia naʻe lave ki ai kimuʻa, ʻoku fie maʻu ʻe he LED malohi maʻolunga ʻa e lolotonga lahi ange ʻi he meʻa ʻoku ʻomi ʻe ha multimeter ke tuku atu ʻa e maama ʻoku ʻasi mai. Kapau ʻoku ʻikai ke ke sio ki ha ulo, ka ʻoku fakahaaʻi ʻe he mita ʻa e voltage reading (e.g., 2.5V), ʻoku sai pe ʻa e LED.
5. Siviʻi ʻaki ʻa e Power On:ʻOua naʻa teitei fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e resistance pe diode mode ʻi ha circuit powered. ʻE meimei pau ke puhi ʻe he meʻa ni ʻa e fuse ʻi hoʻo multimeter pe maumauʻi ʻa e mita.

Ko e meʻa ke fai hili hono ʻiloʻi ha foʻi foʻi LED kuo maumau

Ko hoʻo fakaʻaongaʻi pe hoʻo multimeter pe founga parallel ke kumi ʻa e LED ʻoku maumau, ʻoku kamata leva ʻa e founga fakaleleiʻi. Ki he SMD LEDs, ʻoku fie maʻu heni ha tuʻuʻanga ʻea vela pe ko ha ukamea soldering lelei. ʻOku ngaue lelei ʻa e ukamea angamaheni ki he LEDs ʻi he ava.

Kapau ʻoku ʻikai ke ke maʻu ha konga ke fetongi ʻi he taimi pe ko ia, te ke lava ʻo nounou fakataimi ʻa e pad ʻo e LED mate (fakaʻaongaʻi ha kiʻi konga siʻisiʻi ʻo e solder pe uaea) ke ngaue ʻa e toenga ʻo e circuit. Neongo ia, ko ha fakaleleiʻi fakataimi pe ʻeni. Koeʻuhi ʻoku faʻa hokohoko hokohoko ʻa e LEDs, ʻe fakalahi ʻe he fakaʻehiʻehi mei ha taha ʻa e ʻau ʻoku tafe mai ʻi he toenga ʻo e ngaahi foʻi kula, ʻo tupu ai haʻanau lele vela ange pea vave ange ʻenau maumau. ʻI hoʻo fakatau pe ha LED foʻou ʻo e ngaahi tuʻunga totonu (voltage tatau mo e rating lolotonga), fetongi ʻa e nounou ʻaki ʻa e konga foʻou ke toe fakafoki mai ʻa e tuʻunga totonu mo e tolonga ʻo e circuit.

Fakafehoanaki maʻu pe ʻa e mafana ʻo e lanu ʻo e LED mo e CRI (Color Rendering Index) ki he ʻuluaki ʻo kapau ʻoku ke hohaʻa ki he maʻu maʻu pe ʻa e mama.

FAQs ki hono ʻiloʻi ʻo e LEDs kuo maumau

Ko e ha ʻa e fakaʻilonga ʻo e diode ʻi ha multimeter?

ʻOku hange ʻa e fakaʻilonga ʻo e diode ko ha tapatolu ʻoku tuhu ki ha laine tuʻu ki ʻolunga (→|). ʻOku faʻa maʻu ia ʻi he tuʻunga tatau ʻo e selector mo e continuous tester (ʻa ia ʻoku hange ha peau ʻo e ongo). ʻI hono fili ʻo e mode ko ʻeni, ʻoku lava ai ʻe he mita ʻo ʻave ha kiʻi ʻau siʻisiʻi ʻi ha semiconductor.

Founga hono siviʻi ʻo e SMD LED taʻe ʻi ai ha multimeter?

Kapau ʻoku ʻikai ke ʻi ai haʻo multimeter, te ke lava ʻo fakaʻaongaʻi ha puha ʻuhila (hange ko ha CR2032). Koeʻuhi ʻoku ongoʻingofua ʻa e LEDs ʻi he lolotonga, te ke lava ʻo ala ki he ngaahi taki ʻo e LED ki he puha ʻuhila (vakaiʻi ʻa e polarity). ʻE ulo lahi ʻa e LED moʻui lelei. Ko ha sivi vave ʻeni ka ʻoku ʻikai ke ne ʻoatu ha fakamatala fekauʻaki mo e voltage ki muʻa pe leakage current.

Ko e ha ʻoku kemo ai ʻeku foʻi ʻuhila LED hili hono fetongi ʻo ha foʻi kula?

ʻOku faʻa fakahaaʻi ʻe he flickering ʻoku ʻi ai ha fehokotakiʻanga ʻoku homo pe ʻoku ʻikai tatau ʻa e ngaahi ʻulungaanga fakaʻuhila. Kapau ʻoku kiʻi kehe ʻa e voltage ki muʻa (Vf) ʻo e LED foʻou mei he toenga, ʻoku ʻikai tatau ʻa e tufakiʻanga naunau lolotonga ʻi he afo hokohoko, ʻo fakatupu ai ʻa e kemo pe ʻikai ola lelei. Feinga maʻu pe ke maʻu ʻa e LED fetongi tatau.

Fakafehoanaki ʻo e Ngaahi Founga Detection ʻo e LED

Ko ha potoʻi ngaue mahuʻinga ʻoku fakahaofi ai ha paʻanga mo fakasiʻisiʻi ʻa e veve fakaʻilekitulonika ʻi hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo e multimeter ke ʻiloʻi ʻa e ngaahi konga LED kuo maumau. Tatau ai pe pe ʻoku ke tokangaʻi ʻa e maama pe fakaleleiʻi ha foʻi ʻuhila ʻi ʻapi, ʻoku fakapapauʻi ʻe hono fakatahaʻi ʻo e fua ʻo e ʻuhila mo hono vakaiʻi ʻoku ʻaonga ʻa e ola lelei ʻo e ngaahi monomono.