Mahino ʻa e fatongia mahuʻinga ʻo e tuʻunga lelei ʻo e mama ʻi he fakalakalaka ʻo e fuʻu ʻakau

ʻOku mahulu hake ʻa e mama ʻi ha maʻuʻanga ivi pe ki he ʻakau. Ko ha fakaʻilonga ʻatakai faingataʻa mo kehekehe ia ʻoku ne puleʻi ʻa e meimei tuʻunga kotoa pe ʻo e moʻui ʻa ha fuʻu ʻakau, mei he germination ʻo e tengaʻi ʻakau ki he matala mo e fua. Neongo ʻoku mahuʻinga ʻa e lahi ʻo e mama—ʻa hono malohi pe photon flux density (PFD)—ki hono fakalele ʻo e photosynthesis, ʻoku mahuʻinga tatau pe ʻa e tuʻunga lelei ʻo e mama—ʻa hono faʻunga spectral pe wavelength—ko ha regulator ʻo e tupu mo e fakalakalaka ʻa e ʻakau. Kuo faʻufaʻu ʻe he ʻakau ʻa e ngaahi founga photoreceptor lelei ʻa ia ʻoku ne fakaʻata kinautolu ke nau ongoʻi ʻa e ngaahi liliu iiki ʻi he ʻatakai ʻo e mama, kau ai hono lanu, feituʻu mo e loloa. ʻOku hoko ʻa e ngaahi photoreceptors ko ʻeni, hange ko e phytochromes (ongoʻingofua ʻa e maama kulokula mo e kulokula mamaʻo), cryptochromes (ongoʻingofua ʻa e maama lanu puluu mo e UV-A), mo e phototropins (ongoʻingofua ʻa e maama lanu puluu). ʻI he taimi ʻoku nau maʻu ai ʻa e maama ʻo ha wavelength pau, ʻoku nau fakatupu ha ngaahi fakaʻilonga ʻe lava ke ne liliu ʻa e fakahaaʻi ʻo e kēnisí, ngaahi tuʻunga ʻo e homone, pea ko hono aofangatuku, ko e morphology mo e physiology ʻo e fuʻu ʻakau. ʻOku fakapapauʻi ʻe he founga ko ʻeni, ʻoku ʻiloa ko e photomorphogenesis, ʻe lava ke liliu ʻa e fuʻu ʻakau ki hono ʻatakai, optimizing hono faʻunga ke maʻu ʻa e mama, feʻauʻauhi mo e kaungaʻapi, pea taimi totonu ʻa e siakale ʻo e fakafanau. Ko e tuʻunga ʻo e laʻaa ʻoku aʻu ki he funga ʻo e mamani ko ha foʻi hala lahi, ʻoku meimei vahevahe ki he radiation ultraviolet (UV, <400 nm), maama ʻoku ʻasi mai pe radiation photosynthetically active (PAR, 400-700 nm), mo e infrared radiation (>700 nm). Kae kehe, ʻ oku ʻ ikai ngata pē ʻ i he tali ʻ a e ʻ akaú ki he tuʻunga kakató kae toe pehē foki ki he ngaahi konga pau ʻ i aí. ʻE vakaiʻi ʻe he fakahinohino ko ʻeni ʻa e ngaahi ola loloto mo pau ʻo e ngaahi foʻi maama monochromatic mahuʻinga ʻe nima—kulokula, pulu, lanumata, engeenga, mo e UV—ʻi he tupu ʻa e ʻakau, ʻo fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e ngaahi taʻu lahi ʻo e fakatotolo ki he photobiology.

ʻOku takiekina fefe ʻe he maama kulokula (600-700 nm) ʻa e tupu mo e fakalakalaka ʻa e fuʻu ʻakau?

Ko e maama kulokula, ʻa ia ʻoku ne maʻu ʻa e 600-700 nm ʻo e spectrum, ko e taha ia ʻo e ngaahi wavelength lelei taha ki he photosynthesis pea ko ha tefitoʻi fakaʻuli ia ʻo e ngaahi tali photomorphogenic. ʻOku ʻiloʻi ia ʻe he phytochromes, ʻa ia ʻoku ʻi ai ʻi ha foomu ʻe ua ʻoku feliliuaki: Pr (kulokula ʻoku ne mimi) mo e Pfr (mamaʻo-kulokula-absorbing). ʻOku lau ʻa e foomu Pfr ko e tuʻunga biologically longomoʻui. ʻOku loloto mo kehekehe ʻa e ngaahi ola ʻo e maama kulokula ʻi he morphology ʻo e ʻakau. ʻOku ne taʻofi ʻa e elongation ʻo e internode, ʻo iku ki ha fuʻu ʻakau maʻopoʻopo ange. ʻOku ne poupouʻi ʻa e vaʻa mo e tillering, ʻo fakalahi ai ʻa e fotunga matolu ʻo e fuʻu ʻakau. ʻI he tuʻunga ʻo e fakalakalaka, ʻe lava ʻe he maama kulokula ʻo fakatoloi ʻa e kehekehe ʻo e matalaʻiʻakau ʻi he ngaahi faʻahinga ʻe niʻihi. ʻOku ne fakahoko foki ha fatongia mahuʻinga ʻi hono fakalahi ʻo e pigments mahuʻinga, kau ai ʻa e anthocyanins, chlorophylls, mo e carotenoids, ʻa ia ʻoku mahuʻinga ki hono maʻu ʻo e mama mo e photoprotection. Hange ko ʻeni, ʻe lava ke fakatupu ʻe he maama kulokula ʻa e phototropism lelei ʻi he aka ʻo e Arabidopsis, ʻo tataki kinautolu ke mamaʻo mei he fukahi kelekele. Makehe mei he morphology, ʻoku ʻi ai ha ola lelei ʻo e maama kulokula ʻi he malava ʻe ha fuʻu ʻakau ke matuʻuaki fakatouʻosi ʻa e biotic (e.g., pathogens) mo e abiotic (e.g., laʻalaʻaa, momoko), ʻoku faʻa takiekina ʻa e faʻu ʻo e ngaahi meʻa maluʻi mo e ngaahi homone fekauʻaki mo e loto mafasia. Neongo ia, ʻoku ʻikai tuʻu maʻu ʻa e tali ʻa e maama kulokula; ʻoku potupotutatau ia ʻe hono hoa, mamaʻo ʻa e maama kulokula mamaʻo.

Ko e ha ʻa e fatongia ʻo e maama kulokula mamaʻo (700-800 nm) mo e R/FR ratio?

Ko e maama kulokula mamaʻo, neongo ʻoku siʻisiʻi ʻene tokoni ki he photosynthesis fakahangatonu, ʻoku ne fakahoko ha fatongia mahuʻinga ʻi hono fakafepakiʻi ʻa e ngaahi ola ʻo e maama kulokula ʻo fakafou ʻi he polokalama phytochrome. Ko e ratio ʻo e lanu kulokula ki he maama kulokula mamaʻo (R/FR) ko ha fakaʻilonga mahuʻinga ia ki he ʻatakai ki he ʻakau, tautautefito ki hono ʻiloʻi ʻo e malumalu mei he ʻakau kaungaʻapi. ʻI he laʻaa kakato, ʻoku maʻolunga ʻa e ratio ʻo e R/FR. ʻI he taimi ʻoku fakamalumalu ai ha fuʻu ʻakau ʻe ha lauʻiʻakau kehe, ʻa ia ʻoku nau maʻu ʻa e maama kulokula ki he photosynthesis ka ʻoku nau ʻoatu ʻa e maama kulokula mamaʻo, ʻoku holo ʻa e R/FR ratio. ʻOku fakatupu ʻe he "shade avoidance syndrome" ko ʻeni ha ngaahi tali. ʻE lava ke fakaiku ʻa e ratio maʻulalo ʻo e R/FR ki ha holoki ʻo e ivi photosynthetic, ʻo hange ko ia ʻoku ha ʻi he piini kofuua. ʻOku faʻa iku ia ki he fakalahi ʻo e elongation ʻo e vaʻa, ʻi he feinga ʻa e fuʻu ʻakau ke tupu ʻo maʻolunga ange ʻi hono ngaahi feʻauʻauhi, fakataha mo e ngaahi liliu ʻi he morphology ʻo e lauʻiʻakau. Kuo fakahaaʻi ʻe he ngaahi fakatotolo ʻe lava ke fakasiʻisiʻi ʻa e anthocyanin, carotenoid, mo e chlorophyll ʻi he ngaahi ʻakau ʻe niʻihi lolotonga hono fakalahi ʻo e mamafa foʻou, mamafa momoa, loloa ʻo e vaʻa, mo e feituʻu lauʻiʻakau. ʻE lava ke tupu ʻa e tupulaki ko ʻeni mei he FR fakalahi mei he lahi ange ʻa e maama ʻe he lauʻiʻakau lalahi he taimi ni. ʻE lava ke lahi mo matolu ange ʻa e ʻakau ʻoku tupu ʻi he ngaahi tuʻunga maʻulalo ʻo e R/FR, mo e biomass lahi ange mo e liliu momoko ʻi hono fakafehoanaki ki he ngaahi ʻakau naʻe tupu ʻi he R/FR maʻolunga. ʻE lava foki ʻe he R/FR ratio ʻo liliu ʻa e katakiʻi ʻo e masima ʻo ha fuʻu ʻakau, ʻo fakahaaʻi ai ʻa e ivi takiekina lahi ʻo e palanisi spectral ko ʻeni ʻi he moʻui lelei mo e tuʻuaki fakalukufua ʻo e ʻakau. Ko e fengaueʻaki ʻa e maama kulokula mo e kulokula mamaʻo ko ha sipinga angamaheni ia ʻo e founga ʻoku puleʻi ai ʻe he tuʻunga lelei ʻo e mama, kae ʻikai ko e lahi pe, ʻa e fotunga mo e ngaue ʻa e fuʻu ʻakau.

Ko e ha ʻoku mahuʻinga ai ʻa e maama lanu puluu (400-500 nm) ki he tupu lelei ʻa e fuʻu ʻakau?

ʻOku mahuʻinga ʻa e maama lanu puluu ki he fakalakalaka angamaheni ʻo e ʻakau pea ʻoku fakatokangaʻi ia ʻe he photoreceptors pau kau ai ʻa e cryptochromes mo e phototropins. Ko hono ngaahi ola ʻoku kehe mo fepoupouaki mo e maama kulokula. Ko hono fakalukufua, ko hono fakalahi ʻo e kihiʻi konga ʻo e maama lanu puluu ʻi he tuʻunga fakalukufua ʻoku tupu ai ʻa e fuʻu ʻakau nounou mo lahi ange ʻa e loloa ʻo e internode, siʻisiʻi ange ʻa e lauʻiʻakau, pea siʻisiʻi ange ʻa e tupu ʻi hono fakafehoanaki ki he ʻakau naʻe tupu ʻi he maama kulokula pe. ʻOku ne toe takiekina foki ʻa e metabolic ratios, ʻo faʻa fakalahi ʻa e nitrogen-to-carbon (N/C) ratio. ʻI ha tuʻunga tefito ʻo e physiological, ʻoku fie maʻu ʻa e maama lanu puluu ki he synthesis totonu ʻo e chlorophyll mo hono faʻu ʻo e chloroplasts moʻui lelei. Ko e chloroplasts ʻoku fakatupulaki ʻi he maama lanu puluu ʻoku maʻolunga ange ʻa e chlorophyll a/b mo e tuʻunga maʻulalo ange ʻo e carotenoid. ʻOku fakatataaʻi mahino ʻa e fatongia mahuʻinga ʻo e maama lanu puluu ʻi heʻene fengaueʻaki mo e photosynthesis. Hange ko ʻeni, ʻe holo mamalie ʻa e vave ʻo e photosynthetic ʻo e fanga kiʻi selo ʻo e limu ʻoku tupu ʻi he maama kulokula hokohoko. Neongo ia, ʻoku vave ʻa e fakaakeake ʻa e vave ko ʻeni ʻi he taimi ʻoku hiki ai kinautolu ki he maama lanu puluu pe ʻi he taimi ʻoku tanaki atu ai ha maama lanu pulu ki he puipuituʻa kulokula. Ko e meʻa tatau pe, ʻi he taimi ʻoku feʻaveʻaki ai ʻa e ngaahi selo tapaka fakapoʻuli ki he maama lanu pulu hokohoko, ʻoku tupulaki lahi ʻa e lahi mo e ʻekitiviti ʻo e Rubisco (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase), ʻa e ʻenisaimi mahuʻinga ʻo e photosynthesis, ʻo iku ki ha tupulaki vave ʻo e mamafa ʻo e ngaahi selo momoa. ʻOku tuai ʻaupito ʻa e tupulaki ko ʻeni ʻi he maama kulokula hokohoko. ʻOku fakahaaʻi ʻe he ngaahi fakatotolo ko ʻeni ʻoku ʻikai feʻunga ʻa e maama kulokula ʻataʻata pe ki he photosynthesis mo e tupulaki. Hange ko ʻeni, ʻe lava ke fakakakato ʻe he uite ʻa ʻene moʻui ʻi ha maʻuʻanga LED lanu kulokula pe ʻe taha, ka ke maʻu ha ngaahi fuʻu ʻakau maʻolunga mo fua mo ha ngaahi tengaʻi ʻakau lahi, kuo pau ke tanaki atu ha maama lanu puluu feʻunga. ʻOku fakahaaʻi maʻu pe ʻe he ngaahi fakatotolo ki he letisi, spinach, mo e radis ʻoku maʻolunga ange ʻa e fua ʻi hono fakatahaʻi ʻo e maama kulokula mo e lanu puluu ʻi he maama kulokula pe pea ʻoku tatau ia mo ia ʻoku maʻu ʻi he malumalu ʻo e maama fluorescent hinehina mokomoko. Neongo ia, ʻoku mahuʻinga ʻa e potupotutatau; ʻE lava ke taʻofi ʻe he fuʻu maama lanu pulu ʻa e tupu, ʻo iku ki he fuʻu ʻakau ʻoku fuʻu maʻopoʻopo mo siʻisiʻi ʻa e lauʻiʻakau pea momoa fakakatoa. ʻOku fakahaaʻi foki ʻe he ʻakau ʻa e ngaahi faikehekehe mahuʻinga ʻi he faʻahinga ʻoku nau fie maʻu ʻa e maama lanu puluu.

Ko e ha ʻa e ngaahi nunuʻa faingataʻa mo fepakipaki ʻo e maama lanu mata (500-600 nm)?

Ko e fatongia ʻo e maama lanu mata ʻi he fakalakalaka ʻo e ʻakau kuo hoko ia ko ha kaveinga ʻo e tipeiti mo e fakatotolo lahi, ʻo maʻu ai ha ngaahi ola ʻoku fepakipaki he taimi ʻe niʻihi. ʻOku hoko ʻa e faingataʻa ko ʻeni koeʻuhi he ʻe lava ke kehekehe ʻa e fakaʻuhingaʻi ʻo e "maama lanu mata", ʻo faʻa kau ai ʻa e wavelength mei he 500 ki he 600 nm, ʻa ia ʻoku kau ai ha konga ʻo e spectrum engeenga. ʻI he ngaahi taʻu lahi, naʻe pehe ʻoku ʻikai ola lelei ʻa e maama lanu mata, he ʻoku ʻata lahi ange ia ʻi he maama kulokula pe lanu pulu pea ʻoku siʻisiʻi ange hono maʻu ʻe he chlorophyll. Neongo ia, kuo fakahaaʻi ʻe he fakatotolo ʻi he taʻu ʻe nimangofulu kuohili ʻoku ʻi ai ha ngaahi ola mahuʻinga mo makehe ʻo e maama lanu mata, ʻo faʻa fakafepakiʻi pe liliu ʻa e ngaahi tali ʻoku fakatupu ʻe he maama kulokula mo e lanu puluu. Kuo maʻu ʻe he ngaahi fakatotolo ʻe niʻihi ʻa e ngaahi nunuʻa inhibitory. Hange ko ʻeni, ko e mamafa momoa ʻo e temata naʻe tupu ʻi he maama hinehina (ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e lanu kulokula, pulu mo e lanu mata) naʻe siʻisiʻi ange ia ʻi he tengaʻi ʻakau naʻe tupu ʻi he maama kulokula mo lanu pulu pe. Naʻe fokotuʻu mai ʻe he ʻanalaiso ʻo e spectral ʻi he anga fakafonua ʻo e kakano ko e maama lanu mata mo e tumutumu ʻi he 550 nm ko e maama fakatuʻutamaki taha ia ki he tupulaki. ʻI he marigolds, ko hono toʻo ʻo e maama lanu mata mei he spectrum naʻe fakaleleiʻi ai ʻa e matalaʻiʻakau, lolotonga ia ʻoku fakalahi atu ki ai naʻa ne taʻofi ʻa e matala ʻi he ngaahi faʻahinga kehe hange ko e Dianthus mo e letisi. ʻOku faʻa nounou ange ʻa e ʻakau ʻoku tupu ʻi he maama kakato mo e maama lanu mata pea siʻisiʻi ange ʻa e mamafa foʻou mo momoa. Neongo ia, ʻoku lipooti ʻe he ngaahi fakatotolo kehe ʻa e ngaahi nunuʻa ʻo e tupulaki. Naʻe ʻilo ʻe Kim et Al. ko e taimi naʻe tanaki atu ai ʻa e maama lanu mata ki ha puipuituʻa LED lanu kulokula-lanu pulu, naʻe taʻofi ʻa e tupu ʻa e fuʻu ʻakau kapau naʻe laka hake ʻa e maama lanumata ʻi he 50%, ka naʻe fakalahi ia ʻi he taimi naʻe siʻi hifo ai ʻa e maama lanu mata ʻi he 24%. Naʻa nau fakatokangaʻi ʻa e fakautuutu ʻo e mamafa momoa ʻo e letisi ʻi ʻolunga ʻi he maama lanu mata. ʻIkai ngata ai, ʻe lava ʻe he pulses nounou ʻo e maama lanu mata ʻo fakavaveʻi ʻa e elongation ʻo e tefito ʻi he fanga kiʻi tengaʻi ʻakau fakapoʻuli, pea naʻe fakahaaʻi ʻa e faitoʻo ʻo e Arabidopsis ʻaki ha maama lanu mata nounou mei ha maʻuʻanga LED ke liliu ʻa e fakahaaʻi ʻo e keni plastid mo fakalahi ʻa e vave ʻo e tupu ʻa e sino. ʻOku fokotuʻu mai ʻe ha toe vakaiʻi fakaʻauliliki ʻo e photobiology ʻo e ʻakau ʻoku maʻu ʻe he ʻakau ha founga ʻilo ʻo e maama lanu mata ʻa ia ʻoku ngaue fakataha mo e lanu kulokula mo e lanu pulu ke puleʻi lelei ʻa e tupu mo e fakalakalaka, ʻo takiekina ʻa e meʻa kotoa pe mei he fakaava ʻo e stomatal ki he fakahaaʻi ʻo e chloroplast gene. ʻOku ngalingali ʻoku tupu ʻa e ngaahi meʻa fepakipaki mei he ngaahi faikehekehe ʻi he wavelength pau ʻoku fakaʻaongaʻi, ʻa e lahi ʻo e maama lanu mata ʻi hono fakafehoanaki ki he ngaahi lanu kehe, pea mo e faʻahinga ʻo e ʻakau ʻoku fakatotoloʻi.

ʻOku uesia fefe ʻe he maama engeenga (580-600 nm) mo e UV radiation ʻa e ʻakau?

ʻI hono fakafehoanaki ki he maama kulokula mo e lanu puluu, ʻoku siʻisiʻi ange ʻa e ako ki he ngaahi ola ʻo e maama engeenga (fakafuofua ki he 580-600 nm), ka ʻoku fakahaaʻi ʻe he fakatotolo lolotonga ʻoku ʻi ai hono fatongia ʻo e inhibitory. Kuo fakahaaʻi ʻe he ngaahi fakatotolo ʻoku fakatotoloʻi ʻa e ngaahi ola ʻo e ngaahi foʻi haʻi kehekehe ʻi he letisi ʻoku taʻofi ʻe he maama engeenga ʻa e tupulaki. Ko e faikehekehe ʻi he tupu ʻa e fuʻu ʻakau naʻe fakatokangaʻi ʻi he malumalu ʻo e ngaahi maama sodium maʻolunga mo e ngaahi maama ukamea halide ʻoku fakatefito ia ki he konga ʻo e maama engeenga, pea ko e maama engeenga ʻa e meʻa ʻoku ne taʻofi ia. ʻIkai ngata ai, naʻe fakahaaʻi ʻe he fakatotolo ki he kiukamipaa ko e maama engeenga (mo e tumutumu ʻi he 595 nm) naʻa ne taʻofi malohi ange ʻa e tupu ʻi he maama lanu mata (tumutumu ʻi he 520 nm). Ko e siʻisiʻi ʻo e ngaahi tohi fekauʻaki mo e maama engeenga ʻoku makatuʻunga ia ʻi he foʻi moʻoni ko ia ʻoku fakakalasi ʻe he kau fakatotolo ʻe niʻihi ʻa e 500-600 nm ko e "maama lanu mata," ʻo fakapuliki ai ʻa e ngaahi nunuʻa pau ʻo e konga engeenga ʻo e spectrum.

ʻOku ʻi ai ha ngaahi ola malohi mo kehekehe ʻo e ultraviolet (UV), tautautefito ki he UV-B (280-320 nm), ʻi he ʻakau. ʻI hono fakalukufua, ʻoku hoko ʻa e UV-B ko ha meʻa ʻoku ne fakatupu ʻa e loto mafasia. Te ne lava ʻo fakasiʻisiʻi ʻa e ʻelia ʻo e lauʻiʻakau, taʻofi ʻa e hypocotyl (tefito) elongation, pea fakasiʻisiʻi ʻa e photosynthesis mo e fua fakalukufua, ʻo ʻai ʻa e ʻakau ke tuʻu laveangofua ange ki he ʻohofi ʻo e pathogen. Neongo ia, ʻoku toe fakaʻaongaʻi foki ʻe he ʻakau ʻa e UV-B ko ha fakaʻilonga ʻo e ʻatakai ke fakatupu ha ngaahi tali maluʻi. ʻOku fakaʻaiʻai lelei ʻe he UV-B ʻa e synthesis ʻo e flavonoids mo e anthocyanins, ʻa ia ʻoku hoko ko ha sunscreens, maluʻi ʻa e ngaahi konga loloto ange ʻo e ʻakau mei he maumau. ʻE lava foki ke ne poupouʻi ʻa e ngaahi founga maluʻi fakalukufua. Neongo te ne lava ʻo fakasiʻisiʻi ʻa e kakano ʻo e ngaahi meʻa ʻaonga hange ko e ascorbic acid (vaitamini C) mo e β-carotene ʻi he ngaahi meʻa ʻe niʻihi, ʻoku ne fakaʻaiʻai lelei ʻa e faʻu ʻo e anthocyanin. ʻOku faʻa iku ʻa e ngaahi ola morphological ʻo e UV-B ki ha phenotype ʻo e fuʻu ʻakau dwarf mo e lauʻiʻakau siʻisiʻi mo matolu, petioles fakanounou, mo e lahi ange ʻa e vaʻa axillary. Ko e ratio ʻo e UV-B ki he photosynthetically active radiation (UV-B/PAR) ko ha determinant mahuʻinga ia ʻo e tali ʻa e ʻakau. ʻOku takiekina fakataha ʻe he UV-B mo e PAR ʻa e ngaahi ʻulungaanga hange ko e morphology mo e lolo ʻo e mint, ʻo fakamamafaʻi ʻa e mahuʻinga ʻo hono ako ʻo e ngaahi nunuʻa ko ʻeni ʻi he ngaahi tuʻunga moʻoni ʻo e mama. ʻOku mahuʻinga ke fakatokangaʻi ʻoku fakaʻaongaʻi ʻe he ngaahi ako lahi ʻo e ngaahi ola ʻo e UV-B ʻa e UV-B maʻolunga ange mo e PAR maʻulalo ange ʻi natula, ʻo faingataʻa ai ke extrapolate fakahangatonu ʻenau ngaahi maʻu ki he ngaahi tuʻunga ʻo e malaʻe. ʻOku faʻa fakaʻaongaʻi ʻe he ngaahi ako ʻi he malaʻe ʻa e ngaahi founga ʻoku lahi ange, hange ko hono fakalahi pe siviʻi ʻo e UV-B ke mahino ʻa hono ola moʻoni ʻi he mamani.

Ngaahi Fehuʻi ʻOku Faʻa ʻEke Fekauʻaki mo e Monochromatic Light mo e Tupu ʻa e ʻAkau

ʻE lava ke tupu ʻa e ʻakau ʻi he maama kulokula mo lanu pulu pe?

ʻIo, ʻe lava ke fakakakato ʻe he ʻakau lahi ʻa e siakale kotoa ʻo ʻenau moʻui ʻi he maama kulokula mo lanu pulu pe, he ko e ongo wavelength lelei taha ʻeni ʻi he photosynthetically. Neongo ia, ʻoku fakahaaʻi ʻe he fakatotolo ko hono tanaki atu ha kiʻi maama lanu mata siʻisiʻi (siʻi hifo ʻi he 24%) ʻe lava ke fakaleleiʻi ʻa e tupu mo e biomass ʻi he ngaahi faʻahinga ʻe niʻihi, mahalo ʻaki hono fakaʻata ʻa e mama ke hu loloto ange ki he fuʻu ʻakau pea ʻaki hono fakatupu ʻo e ngaahi tali photomorphogenic ʻoku ʻikai fakaʻaongaʻi ʻe he maama kulokula pe lanu pulu pe.

Ko e ha ʻa e shade avoidance syndrome ʻi he ʻakau?

Ko e fakaʻehiʻehi mei he malumalu ko ha seti ia ʻo e ngaahi tali ʻoku fakatupu ʻi he taimi ʻoku fakatokangaʻi ai ʻe ha fuʻu ʻakau ʻa e maʻulalo ʻo e lanu kulokula ki he lanu kulokula mamaʻo (R/FR), ʻa ia ʻoku ne fakahaaʻi ʻa e ʻi ai ʻa e ʻakau kaungaʻapi. ʻOku fakaʻuhingaʻi ʻeni ʻe he fuʻu ʻakau ko ha fakamanamana ʻo e fakamalumalu pea ʻoku ne tali ʻaki hono fakaloloa hono ngaahi vaʻa mo e petioles ke tupu ʻo maʻolunga ange ʻi he ngaahi feʻauʻauhi, fakasiʻisiʻi ʻa e vaʻa, pea taimi ʻe niʻihi ʻoku fakavaveʻi ai ʻa e matala ʻi he taimi ʻe niʻihi. Neongo ʻoku ʻaonga ʻeni ʻi he vao, ka ʻe lava ke ʻikai fie maʻu ʻeni ʻi he ngoue ʻoku puleʻi, ʻo iku ki he ʻakau vaivai mo vaivai.

ʻOku ʻaonga pe fakatuʻutamaki ʻa e maama UV ki he ʻakau?

ʻOku ʻi ai ha fatongia ʻe ua ʻo e maama UV, tautautefito ki he UV-B. ʻ I he mālohi māʻolungá, ʻ oku fakatuʻutāmaki ia, ʻ o fakatupunga ʻ a e maumau ʻ a e DNA, fakasiʻisiʻi ʻ a e photosynthesis, pea taʻofi ʻ a e tupulá. Neongo ia, ʻi he ngaahi tuʻunga maʻulalo ange mo mahuʻinga ki he ʻekolosia, ʻoku hoko ia ko ha fakaʻilonga mahuʻinga ʻo e ʻatakai. ʻOku ne fakaʻaiʻai ʻa e faʻu ʻo e ngaahi meʻa maluʻi hange ko e flavonoids mo e anthocyanins, ʻa ia te ne lava ʻo fakaleleiʻi ʻa e lanu ʻo e fuʻu ʻakau, fakalahi ʻa e katakiʻi ʻo e loto mafasia, pea aʻu ʻo fakaleleiʻi ʻa e tuʻunga lelei ʻo e meʻakai ʻo e ngaahi ngoue ʻe niʻihi ʻaki hono fakatupulaki ʻa e tuʻunga antioxidant.