Ko e ha ʻa e ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni fakaʻofisiale ki he fua ʻo e malaʻe ʻakapulu?

ʻOku fonu ʻa e mamani ʻo e ʻakapulu ʻi he loto vekeveke, potoʻi ngaue, mo e lahi ʻo e feliliuaki ʻi he taimi ʻoku hoko mai ai ki he malaʻe vaʻinga. ʻOku ʻikai tatau ʻa e ʻakapulu (pe soka) mo e sipoti hange ko e ʻakapulu faka-ʻAmelika pe pasiketipolo, ʻa ia ʻoku ʻi ai hono lahi ʻo e malaʻe. ʻOku ʻikai ko ha taʻetokanga ʻeni; ko ha konga mahuʻinga ia ʻo e hisitolia mo e lao ʻo e vaʻinga. Ko e ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni fakaʻofisiale, naʻe fokotuʻu ʻe he International Football Association Board (IFAB), ʻa ia ʻoku ne puleʻi ʻa e Ngaahi Lao ʻo e Vaʻinga, ʻoku ʻikai tuʻutuʻuni ia ki ha lahi pau ʻe taha ki ha malaʻe. Ka ʻoku nau ʻomi ha faʻunga ʻo e ngaahi feituʻu ʻoku tali. ʻOku ʻuhinga ʻeni ʻe lava ke fai ha vaʻinga fakapalofesinale ʻi ha malaʻe vaʻinga ʻe taha ʻi ha malaʻe ʻoku kehe ʻaupito hono lahi mei ha feituʻu fakapalofesinale ʻe taha. Ko e tefitoʻi moʻoni mahuʻinga ko e pitch kuo pau ke tapafa pea fakaʻilongaʻi ʻaki ha laine hokohoko, ka ʻe lava ke kehekehe hono loloa mo e maolahi, kapau ʻoku nau ʻi loto ʻi he tuʻunga mahuʻinga siʻisiʻi taha mo e lahi taha. ʻOku fakaʻata ʻe he feliliuaki ko ʻeni ʻa e ngaahi kalapu ʻoku ʻi ai honau ngaahi malaʻe vaʻinga fakahisitolia, ʻa ia ʻe ala fakangatangata ai ʻa e feituʻu ʻoku ʻataʻata ʻe he ngaahi fale lolotonga, ke hokohoko atu ʻenau vaʻinga ʻi honau malaʻe ʻapi. ʻOku ne toe fakaʻata foki ʻa e langa ʻo e ngaahi malaʻe vaʻinga kehekehe mo feau ʻa e ngaahi fie maʻu kehekehe ʻo e vaʻinga, mei he ngaahi paʻake fakalotofonua ki he ngaahi malaʻe vaʻinga fakavahaʻapuleʻanga. Ko e mahino ʻo e ngaahi lao ko ʻeni ko e ʻuluaki sitepu ia ki hono fakahoungaʻi ʻo e ngaahi meʻa kehekehe ʻoku fakafeʻiloaki ʻe he lahi ʻo e pitch ki he vaʻinga fakaʻofoʻofa.

Ko e ha ʻoku ʻikai ke lahi ai ʻa e malaʻe ʻakapulu ʻo hange ko e ngaahi sipoti kehe?

Ko e ʻikai ke ʻi ai ha lahi ʻo e malaʻe ʻe taha ʻoku makatuʻunga ia ʻi he tupuʻanga ʻo e sipoti. Naʻe fokotuʻutuʻu ʻe he ʻakapulu fakaonoponi ʻa e ngaahi lao ʻi ʻIngilani ʻi he senituli 19, ko ha taimi naʻe fai ai ʻa e vaʻinga ʻi he ngaahi ʻapiako ʻa e puleʻanga, ʻi he kelekele angamaheni, pea ʻi ha feituʻu pe naʻe ʻataa. Naʻe fakaʻuhingaʻi ʻa e ngaahi feituʻu ko ʻeni ʻe he ngaahi ngataʻanga fakatuʻasino ʻo e feituʻu, hange ko ha holisi, hala, pe kauvai ʻo e vaitafe, kae ʻikai ko ha fua kuo ʻosi fokotuʻutuʻu. ʻI he taimi naʻe fokotuʻu ai ʻa e Kautaha ʻAkapulu ʻi he 1863, naʻe fili ʻa e kau faʻu lao ke fokotuʻutuʻu ʻa e ngaahi malaʻe kehekehe lolotonga, kae ʻikai fakamalohiʻi ʻa e kalapu kotoa pe ke langa ha ngaahi malaʻe foʻou ʻoku lahi tatau. Naʻa nau fokotuʻu ha feituʻu ʻe lava ke hao ai ʻa e konga lahi ʻo e ngaahi feituʻu vaʻinga ko ʻeni. Kuo ʻi ai ha ola tuʻuloa ʻo e tuʻutuʻuni ko ʻeni, ʻo fakatolonga ai ʻa e natula ʻo e ngaahi kelekele fakahisitolia. Hange ko ʻeni, ko ha malaʻe vaʻinga naʻe langa ʻi ha ʻatakai siʻisiʻi ʻi he senituli 19 ʻe lava ke siʻisiʻi ange hono malaʻe, ka ko ha malaʻe vaʻinga fakaonopooni naʻe langa ʻi ha feituʻu lanu mata ʻe lava ke fili ia ki ha feituʻu vaʻinga lahi mo lahi ange. ʻOku ʻikai ko ha fehalaaki ʻa e kehekehe ko ʻeni ka ko ha konga ia ʻo e sipoti, ʻo tanaki atu ki ai ha founga faingataʻa mo fakatolonga ha fehokotaki ki he kamataʻanga fakanatula mo taʻefokotuʻutuʻu ʻo e ʻakapulu. ʻOku toe ʻuhinga foki ia ʻe lava ke kehekehe ʻaupito ʻa e "vaʻinga tatau" ʻo makatuʻunga ʻi he feituʻu ʻoku fai, ʻo fakapaleʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi timi te nau lava ʻo liliu ʻenau founga vaʻinga.

Ko e ha ʻa e lahi siʻisiʻi taha mo lahi taha ʻo ha malaʻe ʻakapulu?

ʻOku fakamahinoʻi ʻe he Lao ʻo e Vaʻinga ʻa e ngaahi ngataʻanga ʻo ha malaʻe ʻakapulu ʻoku mahino ʻa e loloa mo e maolahi. Ki he ngaahi vaʻinga matuʻotuʻa, ʻi tuʻa, ʻa ia ʻoku kau ai ʻa e ngaahi vaʻinga fakapalofesinale mo e lahi taha ʻo e kakai lalahi, ko e ngaahi vaʻinga ʻeni ʻoku fakaʻaongaʻi fakalukufua. Ko e loloa ʻo e malaʻe (touchline) kuo pau ke siʻisiʻi hifo ʻi he ʻiate ʻe 100 (mita ʻe 90) pea ko e lahi taha ko e ʻiate ʻe 130 (mita ʻe 120). Ko e maolahi ʻo e malaʻe (ʻa e laine tataʻo) kuo pau ke siʻisiʻi hifo ʻi he ʻiate ʻe 50 (mita ʻe 45) pea lahi taha ki he ʻiate ʻe 100 (mita ʻe 90). ʻOku fakatupu ʻe he ngaahi fakangatangata ko ʻeni ha ngaahi fotunga tapafa lahi ʻe ala malava. ʻE lava ke mita ʻe 120 hono loloa pea mita ʻe 45 hono falahi ʻo e malaʻe loloa mo fasiʻi, ʻo faʻu ai ha ʻatakai vaʻinga kehe ʻaupito ʻi hono fakafehoanaki ki ha malaʻe nounou mo falahi ange ʻa ia ʻoku mita ʻe 100 hono loloa pea mita ʻe 90 hono falahi. ʻE lava ke kehekehe ʻaupito ʻa e ratio ʻo e loloa ki he malahi, neongo ʻoku ʻi ai ha ʻamanaki angamaheni ʻo e tapafa, ʻa ia ko hono ʻuhinga ʻoku ʻikai ke ʻi loto ʻa e tapafa haohaoa ʻi he laumalie ʻo e ngaahi lao. ʻOku mahuʻinga ʻa e feliliuaki ko ʻeni ki hono feau ʻo e ngaahi fokotuʻutuʻu kehekehe ʻo e malaʻe vaʻinga mo e ngaahi fie maʻu ʻo e ngaahi meʻa ʻoku fie maʻu, ʻo hange ko ia te tau vakaiʻi lahi ange.

ʻOku uesia fefe ʻe he loloa mo e maolahi ʻa e feituʻu vaʻinga?

ʻOku ʻoange ʻe he loloa mo e maolahi ʻa e ngaahi kalapu mo e kau fokotuʻutuʻu ʻo e malaʻe vaʻinga ha faingamalie lahi. Ke sioloto atu ki he meʻá ni, fakakaukau ki he ngaahi meʻa ʻ oku fuʻu tōtuʻá. ʻOku ʻomi ʻe he malaʻe ʻi he ngataʻanga siʻisiʻi ange ʻo e spectrum (e.g., 100m x 64m) ha feituʻu vaʻinga ʻoku femoʻuekina mo malohi ange. ʻOku nounou ange ʻa e vamamaʻo ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e ngaahi tataʻo, ʻo fakaʻaiʻai ai ʻa e liliu vave ange mo e vaʻinga hangatonu ange. ʻOku ʻuhinga ʻa e fakasiʻisiʻi ʻo e maolahi ʻoku vaofi ange ai ʻa e tafaʻaki, ʻa ia ʻe lava ke faingofua ange ai ki he maluʻi ke ʻufiʻufi ʻa e maolahi kotoa pea faingataʻa ange ki he kau kapakau ke maʻu ha feituʻu. ʻI he tafaʻaki ʻe taha, ʻoku ʻomi ʻe ha malaʻe lahi (e.g., 120m x 80m) ha feituʻu lahi ʻaupito. ʻOku lelei ʻeni ki he ngaahi timi ʻoku maʻolunga ʻenau moʻui lelei, he kuo pau ke lahi ange ʻa e feituʻu ʻoku ʻufiʻufi ai ʻe he kau vaʻinga. ʻOku toe ʻaonga foki ki he kau vaʻinga talenitiʻia fakatekinikale te nau lava ʻo fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e feituʻu lahi ange ke drible, pea mo e kau paasi mohu founga te nau lava ʻo fetongi ʻa e vaʻinga mei he tafaʻaki ʻe taha ki he tafaʻaki ʻe taha. ʻOku kiʻi tuai foki ʻa e vaʻinga ʻi he funga lahi ange, he ʻoku lahi ange ʻa e taimi ʻoku maʻu ʻe he kau vaʻinga ʻi he foʻi pulu pea loloa ange ʻa e feliliuaki. Ko ia ai, ko e fili ʻo e ngaahi fua ko ha meʻangaue ia ʻoku fokotuʻutuʻu. Ko ha timi ʻoku lelei ʻaupito ʻi he vilitaki mo e vaʻinga fakatuʻasino ʻe saiʻia ange ia ʻi ha malaʻe siʻisiʻi ange ke fakasiʻisiʻi ʻa e vaʻinga, ka ko ha timi ʻoku nau maʻu ʻa e koloa mo e kau vaʻinga fakatekinikale ʻe lava ke nau maʻu ha malaʻe lahi ange ʻa ia te nau lava ʻo fakalahi ai ʻa e timi ʻe taha.

ʻOku kehekehe fefe ʻa e lahi ʻo e malaʻe ʻakapulu ʻi he toʻu?

Ko e ngaahi meʻa naʻe aleaʻi ʻo aʻu mai ki he taimi ni ʻoku ʻaonga ia ki he ʻakapulu matu Neongo ia, ʻoku toe fakatokangaʻi foki ʻe he Lao ʻo e Vaʻinga ʻoku ʻikai totonu ke vaʻinga ʻa e fanau ʻi ha malaʻe lalahi. ʻE fakafeʻatungiaʻi ʻenau fakalakalaka he te nau fakamoleki ha taimi lahi ange ʻi heʻenau fengaueʻaki mo e foʻi pulu. Ko ia ai, ʻoku ʻoatu ʻe he IFAB ʻa e lahi ʻo e pitch ki he ngaahi kulupu kehekehe ʻo e toʻu tupu, ʻa ia ʻoku fakataumuʻa ke fua totonu ʻa e vaʻinga. ʻOku mahuʻinga ʻa e fanga kiʻi founga iiki ko ʻeni ki he fakalakalaka ʻa e kau vaʻinga, ʻo fakapapauʻi ʻoku kei fakafiefia, fakamanako mo fakatekinikale ʻa e vaʻinga.

Ko e ha ʻa e lahi angamaheni ʻo e malaʻe ki he ʻakapulu ʻa e toʻu tupu (U8 ki he U14)?

Ko hono fakasiʻisiʻi ʻo e malaʻe maʻa e kau vaʻinga kei talavou ko ha konga mahuʻinga ia ʻo e fakalakalaka ʻa e toʻu tupu. Ki he ngaahi kulupu taʻu iiki taha, ʻoku faʻa fakahoko ʻa e vaʻinga ʻi ha ngaahi malaʻe iiki ange. Hange ko ʻeni, ko e kau vaʻinga siʻi hifo ʻi he taʻu 8 pe siʻi hifo ʻoku nau vaʻinga ʻi he malaʻe mei he mita ʻe 27.45 ki he mita ʻe 45.75 pea mita ʻe 18.30 ki he mita ʻe 27.45 hono maolahi. ʻOku fakasiʻisiʻi ʻe he founga siʻisiʻi ko ʻeni ʻa e ngaahi fie maʻu fakatuʻasino pea fakalahi ʻa e lahi ʻo e ala ʻa e tokotaha vaʻinga takitaha ki he foʻi pulu. ʻI he fakaʻau ke motuʻa ange ʻa e kau vaʻinga mo fakalakalaka fakatuʻasino mo fakatekinikale, ʻoku fakautuutu mamalie ange ʻa e lahi ʻo e malaʻe. Ki he ngaahi kulupu taʻu siʻi hifo ʻi he taʻu 9 mo e Siʻi hifo ʻi he taʻu 10, ʻoku toe lahi ange ʻa e loloa ʻoku fokotuʻu atu, ʻo faʻa kau ai ha liliu ki he fotunga 7v7 pe 9v9. ʻI he taimi ʻoku aʻu ai ʻa e kau vaʻinga ki he ngaahi kulupu taʻu siʻi hifo ʻi he taʻu 13 mo e Siʻi hifo ʻi he taʻu 14, ʻoku nau fakaofi atu ki ha vaʻinga lahi, ka ʻi ha meʻafua siʻisiʻi. Ki he kulupu ko ʻeni, ko e malaʻe angamaheni ko e mita ʻe 72.80 ki he mita ʻe 91 hono loloa pea mita ʻe 45.50 ki he mita ʻe 56 hono maolahi. ʻOku fakapapauʻi ʻe he tupulaki ko ʻeni ʻi he feituʻu vaʻinga ʻoku feʻunga maʻu pe ʻa e ngaahi fie maʻu fakatuʻasino mo e founga ʻo e vaʻinga ki he tuʻunga fakalakalaka ʻa e kau vaʻinga, ʻo fakatupulaki ai hono maʻu lelei ange ʻo e potoʻi ngaue mo ha mahino lahi ange ki he ʻilo ki he feituʻu.

Ko e ha ʻa e lahi ʻo e malaʻe ʻoku fokotuʻu atu ki he ngaahi kalapu fakapalofesinale?

Neongo ʻoku ʻomi ʻe he Lao ʻo e Vaʻinga ha tuʻunga kehekehe, ka ʻoku ʻi ai ha lahi ʻoku faʻa "fokotuʻu" ki he ʻakapulu fakapalofesinale matuʻotuʻa. ʻOku faʻa fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e fokotuʻu ko ʻeni ko ha fakahinohino ki hono langa ʻo e malaʻe vaʻinga foʻou pea mo e ngaahi kalapu ʻoku nau fekumi ki ha feituʻu vaʻinga ʻoku potupotutatau. Ko e fua ʻoku fokotuʻu atu ki ha timi matuʻotuʻa ko e mita ʻe 64.01 (ʻiate ʻe 70) pea mita ʻe 100.58 (ʻiate ʻe 110). ʻOku faʻa lau ʻa e lahi ko ʻeni, fakafuofua ki he ʻiate ʻe 110 mo e ʻiate ʻe 70, ko ha feituʻu "koula"—ʻikai fuʻu lahi, ʻikai fuʻu siʻisiʻi. ʻOku ne ʻomi ha potupotutatau lelei ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e feituʻu ki he vaʻinga ʻohofi mo e malava ke tauhi ʻa e malohi ʻo e maluʻi. ʻOku lahi feʻunga ke lava ʻo ʻakapulu lahi ka ʻoku ʻikai fuʻu lahi ke hoko ko ha sivi ʻo e kataki. Ko e lahi ʻo e ngaahi malaʻe vaʻinga ʻiloa taha ʻi mamani ʻoku ofi ʻaupito ki he ngaahi tafaʻaki ko ʻeni, he ʻoku lau ʻoku nau ʻomi ʻa e fakaʻofoʻofa mo fakafiefia taha ki he vaʻinga ʻo onoponi. Neongo ia, ʻoku mahuʻinga ke manatuʻi ko ha fokotuʻu ʻeni, ʻoku ʻikai ko ha tuʻutuʻuni, pea ʻoku lahi ʻa e ngaahi kalapu tuʻukimuʻa ʻoku ʻi ai ʻenau ngaahi malaʻe ʻoku kehe mei he tuʻunga ko ʻeni ke feʻunga mo ʻenau ngaahi fie maʻu pau ʻi he malaʻe vaʻinga pe founga ngaue.

Ko e ʻuhinga ʻoku mahuʻinga ai ʻa e aspect ratio: He ʻikai te ke sio ki ha pitch tapafa

Ko e taha ʻo e ngaahi lao mahuʻinga ʻo e faʻu ʻo e pitch ko hono fakatolonga ʻo ha fotunga tapafa ʻoku loloa ange ʻi hono maolahi. He ʻikai te ke teitei sio ki ha malaʻe ʻakapulu kuo fakangofua ʻa ia ko e mita ʻe 90 mo e mita ʻe 90, neongo ʻoku fakatou kau ʻa e ongo mataʻifika ʻi he ngaahi tuʻunga fakalao ki he loloa mo e maolahi. ʻOku ʻuhinga ʻeni koeʻuhi he ʻoku fie maʻu ʻe he Lao ʻo e Vaʻinga ke loloa ange ʻa e malaʻe ʻi hono falahi. Ko e "aspect ratio," pe ko e fekauʻaki ʻa e loloa mo e maolahi, ko ha ʻulungaanga mahuʻinga ia ʻo e malaʻe vaʻinga. Ko e ngaahi laine tataʻo (ko e malahi) ko e ngaahi tafaʻaki nounou ange maʻu pe, pea ko e laine (ko e loloa) ko e ngaahi tafaʻaki loloa ange. ʻOku mahuʻinga ʻeni ki he sio mo e meʻa fakaʻaongaʻi. ʻOku ne fakamatalaʻi ʻa e tefitoʻi huʻunga ʻo e vaʻinga, ʻa ia ko e ongo taumuʻa ʻoku fehangahangai. ʻE hanga ʻe he malaʻe tapafa ʻo liliu ʻa e geometry ʻo e vaʻinga, ʻo ʻai ke siʻisiʻi ange ʻa e mahino ʻo e ngaahi halanga ʻohofi pea liliu ʻa e ngaahi tuliki ki he paasi mo e fakahu. ʻE ngali kehe foki mo maumauʻi ʻa e mahino tukufakaholo mo fokotuʻutuʻu ʻo e malaʻe ʻakapulu. Ko ia ai, neongo ʻoku ʻomi ʻe he ngaahi mataʻifika ha tuʻunga kehekehe, ʻoku fakapapauʻi ʻe he va fetuʻutaki ʻi honau vahaʻa ʻoku ʻi ai maʻu pe ʻa e tuʻunga angamaheni mo ʻiloʻi.

Beyond the Lines: Other Essential Pitch Measurements

Neongo ko e loloa mo e maolahi fakalukufua ʻa e ngaahi tefitoʻi lao ʻo e dimensional, ka ko e kamataʻanga pe ia. ʻOku kau ʻi he malaʻe ʻakapulu tuʻutuʻuni ha ngaahi tafaʻaki mahuʻinga kehe mo honau fua pau. ʻOku tatau pe ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻilonga ko ʻeni ʻo tatau ai pe pe ko e ha ʻa e lahi ʻo e pitch, ʻo fakapapauʻi ʻoku fakaʻaongaʻi fakamamani lahi ʻa e ngaahi tefitoʻi lao ʻo e vaʻinga. Hange ko ʻeni, ko e feituʻu tautea, ko ha tapafa angamaheni ia ʻoku mita ʻe 16.5 (ʻiate ʻe 18) mei he pou tataʻo takitaha pea mita ʻe 16.5 ki he malaʻe vaʻinga. ʻOku ʻi ai hono lahi pau ʻo e tataʻo: mita ʻe 2.44 (fute ʻe 8) hono maʻolunga pea mita ʻe 7.32 (mita ʻe 8) hono falahi. ʻOku mita ʻe 9.15 (ʻiate ʻe 10) ʻa e fuopotopoto ʻi lotomalie, pea mita ʻe 11 (ʻiate ʻe 12) mei he laine tataʻo. ʻOku mahuʻinga ʻa e ngaahi ʻelemeniti pau ko ʻeni. ʻOku nau fakapapauʻi ʻoku mamaʻo tatau pe ʻa e ʻaka tautea mei he tataʻo ʻi he Wembley Stadium mo ha paʻake fakalotofonua. ʻOku nau fakapapauʻi ko e feituʻu maluʻi makehe ʻo e leʻo koloa (ko e feituʻu tautea) ʻoku lahi maʻu pe, ʻo ʻomi ai ha faʻunga pau ki hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo e ngaahi lao, hange ko e ngaahi fehalaaki mo e ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni ʻo e tolo pulu. ʻE lava ke kehekehe ʻa e lahi ʻo e malaʻe, ka ʻoku ʻikai lava ke liliu ʻa e ngaahi feituʻu mahuʻinga ko ʻeni, ʻo ne ʻomi ha fakavaʻe pau ki he vaʻinga.

ʻOku tuʻu maʻu fefe ʻa e feituʻu tautea mo e lahi ʻo e tataʻo?

Ko e tuʻunga tatau ʻo e feituʻu tautea mo e lahi ʻo e tataʻo, neongo ʻa e kehekehe ʻa e lahi ʻo e malaʻe, ko ha fakamoʻoni ia ki he fakamuʻomuʻa ʻo e ngaahi lao mahuʻinga ʻo e vaʻinga. ʻOku toputapu ʻa e lahi ʻo e tataʻo; ʻOku ne fakamahinoʻi ʻa e taumuʻa taupotu taha mo fakapapauʻi ʻoku ʻi ai ha pole tatau ki he kau leʻo koloa ʻi mamani. Ko e meʻa tatau pe, ʻoku mahuʻinga ʻa e lahi pau ʻo e feituʻu tautea ki he tautea mamafa taha ʻi he vaʻinga—ʻa e ʻaka tautea. Kapau ʻe kehekehe ʻa e lahi ʻo e feituʻu tautea ʻi he malaʻe, kuo pau ke kehekehe foki ʻa e mamaʻo ʻo e ʻaka tautea (toʻo mei he feituʻu tautea), ʻo liliu ai ʻa e faingamalie ke tataʻo. ʻI hono tauhi maʻu pe ʻa e ngaahi fotunga ko ʻeni, ʻoku tauhi ai ʻe he vaʻinga ʻa hono tuʻunga totonu. Ka neongo ia, ʻe lava ke ʻi ai ha ngaahi ola pelepelengesi ʻi hono fokotuʻu ʻo e ngaahi fotunga pau ko ʻeni ʻi he tapafa kehekehe ʻo e pitch. Hange ko ʻeni, ʻi ha malaʻe lahi ange, ʻoku lahi ange ʻa e mamaʻo mei he feituʻu tautea ki he fuka ʻo e tuliki, ʻa ia ʻe lava ke ne uesia ʻa e founga maluʻi ʻe he ngaahi timi ʻa e ngaahi feituʻu lalahi. ʻI ha malaʻe loloa ange, ʻoku fakalahi ʻa e vahaʻa ʻo e tapa ʻo e feituʻu tautea mo e laine vaeua, ʻo takiekina ʻa e feituʻu ʻe lava ke langa hake ai ʻa e vaʻinga. Ko ia, neongo ʻoku tuʻu maʻu ʻa e tataʻo mo e puha, ko honau tuʻunga ʻi he konga lahi ange ʻo e malaʻe ko ha konga mahuʻinga ia ʻo e tuʻunga fakasiokalafi ʻo e vaʻinga.

Founga ʻoku takiekina ai ʻe he lahi ʻo e malaʻe ʻa e ngaahi founga mo e founga vaʻinga ʻakapulu

Ko e lahi ʻo ha malaʻe ʻakapulu ʻoku ʻikai ko ha fakaikiiki fakapule pe; ko ha founga malohi ia ʻo e founga mo e founga vaʻinga. ʻOku ʻiloʻi lelei ʻe he kau faiako mo e kau ʻanalaiso ʻa e ngaahi tafaʻaki te nau vaʻinga ai pea ʻoku nau faʻa teuteuʻi ʻa e ngaahi palani vaʻinga ʻo fakatatau ki ai. ʻOku hanga ʻe ha kalapu ʻoku siʻisiʻi hono malaʻe, hange ko e Wembley motuʻa pe ko e malaʻe ʻi Pilitania, ʻo fakamalohiʻi ʻa e vaʻinga ki ha feituʻu siʻisiʻi ʻi lotoloto. ʻE lava ke lelei ʻeni ki ha timi ʻoku lelei ʻi hono mapuleʻi vaofi, paasi vave ʻi he ngaahi feituʻu siʻisiʻi, mo e tau fakatuʻasino ʻi he loto malaʻe. ʻOku siʻisiʻi ange ʻa e feituʻu ke ngaue ai ʻa e kau kapakau ʻi he malaʻe ko ia, ʻo siʻisiʻi ange ai ʻenau ngaue. ʻI he tafaʻaki ʻe taha, ko e ngaahi kalapu hange ko Manchester United pe Real Madrid, mo ʻenau ngaahi malaʻe lahi, ʻoku nau feinga ke fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e lahi kakato. ʻOku feʻunga ʻeni mo e kau vaʻinga ʻoku nau moʻui ʻi he ngaahi tuʻunga fakatautaha ʻi he tafaʻaki mo e kau tuki ʻe lava ke nau lele ki he ngaahi halanga ʻi mui ʻi he maluʻi. ʻOku toe faingataʻa ange foki ki he timi maluʻi ke nau ʻufiʻufi ʻa e ngaahi feituʻu kotoa pe, ʻo malava ke hoko ai ha ngaahi ava ʻi loto malie.

ʻIkai ngata ai, ʻoku uesia ʻe he loloa ʻo e pitch ʻa e vertical spacing. ʻOku hanga ʻe he malaʻe loloa ange ʻo ʻai ha vahaʻa lahi ange ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e laine maluʻi mo e laine lotoloto, pea ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e laine lotoloto mo e laine ki muʻa. ʻE lava ke fakaʻaongaʻi ʻeni ʻe he ngaahi timi ʻoku vave mo hangatonu ʻa e kau vaʻinga ʻoku nau lava ʻo lele ki ha ngaahi paasi loloa. ʻOku ne toe fakamahuʻingaʻi foki ʻa e tuʻunga moʻui lelei ʻa e kau vaʻinga lotoloto, ʻa ia kuo pau ke nau ʻufiʻufi ha kelekele lahi ange ke fakafehokotaki ʻa e maluʻi mo e ʻohofi. ʻOku hanga ʻe ha malaʻe nounou ange ʻo fakasiʻisiʻi ʻa e ngaahi laine ko ʻeni, ʻo faingofua ange ai ki ha timi ke nau teke maʻolunga ʻi he malaʻe pea faingataʻa ange ki he timi ʻe taha ke nau vaʻinga mei mui. Ko ia ai, ʻoku ʻikai ngata pe ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e kau vaʻinga ʻi he malaʻe, ka ʻi he ʻatamai foki ʻo e kau pule kuo pau ke nau fili ʻa e founga ke fakaʻaongaʻi—pe neutralize—ʻa e ngaahi tafaʻaki makehe ʻo e malaʻe.

Ngaahi Kehekehe Fakamamani Lahi: Founga ʻo e Kehekehe ʻo e Lahi ʻo e Pitch ʻi he Ngaahi Liiki Lalahi

Neongo kuo pau ke muimui ʻa e ngaahi liiki fakapalofesinale kotoa pe ki he ngaahi tuʻunga ʻo e IFAB, ka ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi hehema mo e ngaahi meʻa ʻoku saiʻia ai ʻi he ngaahi fonua mo e ngaahi feʻauhi kehekehe. ʻOku ʻiloa ʻa e Premier League ʻi ʻIngilani ʻi hono kehekehe. ʻOku ʻi ai ha ngaahi malaʻe fakahisitolia hange ko e Goodison Park (Everton), ʻa ia naʻe siʻisiʻi ange ʻa e malaʻe, mo e ngaahi malaʻe vaʻinga foʻou mo lalahi ange hange ko e Etihad Stadium (Manchester City). Ko e kehekehe ko ʻeni ko e konga ia ʻo e fakaʻofoʻofa ʻo e liiki pea ko ha pole ia ki he ngaahi timi ʻaʻahi. ʻI he tafaʻaki ʻe taha, ko e lahi ʻo e ngaahi malaʻe vaʻinga fakaeonopooni ʻi Sipeini La Liga mo e Bundesliga Siamane ʻoku fakahehema ia ki he ngataʻanga lahi ange ʻo e tuʻunga ʻo e tuʻunga. ʻOku faʻa fakamuʻomuʻa ʻe he ngaahi liiki ko ʻeni ʻa e ʻakapulu fakatekinikale ʻoku fakatefito ʻi he maʻuʻanga koloa, pea ʻoku ʻomi ʻe ha malaʻe lahi ange ʻa e feituʻu ʻoku fie maʻu ki he ngaahi paasi faingataʻa. Kuo fekauʻaki ʻa e Serie A ʻItali mo e ʻakapulu ʻoku fasiʻi ange, pea ko e niʻihi ʻo hono ngaahi malaʻe vaʻinga motuʻa ange ʻoku fasiʻi ange, ʻa ia ʻe lava ke fakafaingofuaʻi ai ha faʻunga maluʻi ʻoku femoʻuekina mo matolu ange. Ko e ngaahi meʻa fakalukufua ʻeni, pea ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e kehekehe ʻi he liiki takitaha. Neongo ia, ʻe lava ke faʻa fakamalohia ʻa e anga fakafonua ʻo ha liiki ʻe he ngaahi tafaʻaki angamaheni ʻo ʻene ngaahi malaʻe. ʻI he taimi ʻoku feʻauhi ai ʻa e ngaahi timi ʻi he ngaahi feʻauhi fakavahaʻapuleʻanga hange ko e UEFA Champions League, kuo pau ke nau liliu ki he lahi ʻo e malaʻe vaʻinga ʻo e timi ʻe taha, ʻo tanaki atu ki ai ha toe founga ki he ngaahi feʻauhi maʻolunga ko ʻeni.

Ngaahi Fehuʻi ʻOku Faʻa ʻEke Fekauʻaki mo e Fua ʻo e Malaʻe ʻAkapulu

Ko e ha ʻa e fua totonu ʻo ha malaʻe Premier League?

ʻOku ʻikai ke ʻi ai ha fua pau ʻe taha ki ha malaʻe Premier League. Kuo pau ke kau ʻa e malaʻe ʻo e kalapu takitaha ʻi he ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni ʻa e IFAB ʻa ia ko e mita ʻe 90-120 hono loloa pea mita ʻe 45-90 hono maolahi. Hange ko ʻeni, ko e malaʻe Old Trafford ʻoku fakafuofua ki he 105m x 68m, lolotonga ia ko e Etihad Stadium ʻoku fakafuofua ki he 106m x 70m. Ko e kehekehe ko ha ʻulungaanga mahuʻinga ia ʻo e liiki.

Ko e ha ʻoku lalahi ange ai ʻa e ngaahi malaʻe ʻakapulu ʻe niʻihi ʻi he niʻihi?

ʻOku kehekehe pe ʻa e lahi ʻo e pitch koeʻuhi ko hono fakatahaʻi ʻo e ngaahi ʻuhinga fakahisitolia, langa mo e founga ngaue. ʻOku faʻa fakangatangata ʻa e ngaahi malaʻe vaʻinga motuʻa ange ʻe honau ʻatakai. ʻOku feliliuaki ange ʻa e ngaahi malaʻe vaʻinga ʻo onoponi. ʻIkai ngata ai, ʻe lava ke fili ʻe he ngaahi kalapu ʻa e ngaahi meʻa ʻoku nau tui ʻoku feʻunga mo e founga vaʻinga ʻenau timi, hange ko ha malaʻe lahi ange ki ha vaʻinga ʻoku fakatefito ʻi he maʻu pe ko ha malaʻe fasiʻi ange ki ha founga maluʻi ange.

Ko e ha hono lahi ʻo e malaʻe ʻakapulu ki he Under 12s?

Neongo ʻe lava ke kehekehe ʻa e fua pau ʻo fakatatau ki he kautaha fakalotofonua, ka ʻoku faʻa vaʻinga ʻa e U12 ʻi ha malaʻe 9v9. ʻOku faʻa siʻisiʻi ange ʻeni ʻi he pitch ʻo e kakai lalahi. Ko e feituʻu angamaheni ki he kulupu taʻu ko ʻeni ʻoku fakafuofua ki he mita ʻe 60-70 hono loloa pea mita ʻe 40-50 hono maolahi, ʻo fakaʻata ai ʻa e kau vaʻinga kei talavou ke fakatupulaki ʻenau taukei ʻo ʻikai lomekina ʻe he fuʻu lahi ʻa e feituʻu.

Vakai fakalukufua ki he ngaahi fua angamaheni ʻo e pitch ʻi he tuʻunga

Fakaʻosi: Tali ʻa e Kehekehe ʻo e Malaʻe ʻAkapulu

Ko e ngaahi lao ʻoku ne puleʻi ʻa e lahi ʻo e malaʻe ʻakapulu ko ha fakatata lelei ia ki he sipoti: kuo fokotuʻutuʻu kae feliliuaki, pea ʻoku ʻi ai ha feituʻu ki he tukufakaholo mo e foʻou fakatouʻosi. Ko e foʻi moʻoni ko ia ko e malaʻe ʻi ha paʻake fakalotofonua mo ha malaʻe ʻi he Champions League ʻoku puleʻi ʻe he faʻunga feliliuaki tatau ʻoku ne fakafehokotaki ʻa e kakai ki he kakai maʻolunga. ʻOku ʻikai ko ha meʻa fakatuʻupake pe ʻa e kehekehe ko ʻeni ka ko ha fili ia ʻa e kau faʻu lao ke fakapapauʻi ʻe lava ke vaʻinga mo fiefia ʻi he feituʻu kotoa pe, mei he ngaahi hala fasiʻi ʻo ha kolo fakahisitolia ki he ngaahi feituʻu lahi ʻo ha malaʻe sipoti fakaonopooni. Ki he kau poupou, ʻoku hanga ʻe he mahino ʻo e ngaahi tafaʻaki ko ʻeni ʻo tanaki mai ha houngaʻia foʻou ʻi he taimi ʻoku mamata ai ʻi ha vaʻinga. Ko e taimi hoko te ke sio ai ki ha timi ʻoku faingataʻaʻia ke maumauʻi ha timi ʻe taha pe ko ha taha kapakau ʻoku nau maʻu ha ngaahi ʻeka ʻataa, fakakaukau ki he lahi ʻo e malaʻe. ʻOku ʻikai fekauʻaki pe ia mo e kau vaʻinga mo e foʻi pulu; Ko e malaʻe ʻoku nau vaʻinga ai ko ha kau longomoʻui mo fakalongolongo ʻi he tulama, ʻo ne fakafotunga ʻa e ngaahi founga mo e lele ʻo e vaʻinga fakaʻofoʻofa. Ki he kau maʻu malaʻe vaʻinga mo e ngaahi kalapu, ko e fili ʻo e fua ko ha fili tuʻuloa ia te ne takiekina ʻa e vaʻinga kotoa pe ʻoku fai ʻi he malaʻe vaʻinga ko ia ʻi he ngaahi taʻu lahi ka hoko mai, ʻo hoko ai ko e taha ʻo e ngaahi tafaʻaki mahuʻinga taha, ka ʻoku faʻa ʻikai fakatokangaʻi, ʻo e faʻunga ʻakapulu.