He aha te Roanga o te Ora LED i Rerekē i ngā Pūrama Tūturu
Ko tētahi o ngā painga tino hākinakina o te tīramarama LED ko tōna roanga whakaharahara. Ahakoa ka wera pea te rama incandescent tūturu i muri i te 1,000 haora me te fluorescent kiato (CFL) i muri i te 8,000 haora, ka whakatauria te rama LED kounga kia 25,000, 50,000, 100,000 haora rānei. Ko tēnei roanga he atekōkiri matua mō te whakawhiti ki te LED i ngā mea katoa mai i ngā pūrama kāinga ki ngā kaupapa mahi nui me ngā kaupapa tīramarama tiriti. Heoi anō, he tino rerekē te āhua o te LED ki te mutunga o tōna oranga i ngā hangarau tawhito. Ka hopu te filament kākano, ka heke te phosphor o te ngongo kōauau, ka hinga rānei ōna irahiko—he rahunga kino ēnei. Ko te LED, i tērā taha, kāore e "wera." Engari, ka pōturi haere me te āta hina i te roanga o te wā. E mōhiotia ana tēnei tukanga ko te whakahekenga o te lumen. Ko te tikanga o tēnei rerekētanga taketake, ehara te "roanga o te ora" mō tētahi LED i te pūwāhi rahunga kotahi, engari he wāhi tautuhi kua heke iho tōna huaputa mārama ki tētahi taumata kāore anō kia whakaarotia he whaitake mō tōna taupānga tika. Hei kawe mai i te ōritetanga me te pono ki tēnei ariā, e whakawhirinaki ana te umanga rama ki ngā paerewa takenui e rua: LM-80 me TM-21. Koinei ngā tohu pūtaiao e āhei ai ngā kaiwhakanao ki te whakatakoto kerēme tika mō te roa o ā rātou hua LED.
He aha ngā take e whakatau ana i te oranga o te rama LED?
Ehara te roanga o te ora o te LED i te tau pūmau; e tino whakawhirinaki ana ki tōna taiao mahi me te kounga o tōna hoahoa. E rua ngā take matua e whakahaere ana i te tere o te whakahekenga o te huaputa rama o te LED: te pāmahana komititanga me te au whakamua. Ko te pāmahana tūtakinga (Tj) ko te pāmahana o te maramara takawaenga, e hangaia ai te mārama. Koinei te take tino nui mō te roanga o te LED. Ko te wera te hoariri o ngā LED. Ko ngā pāmahana tūtakinga teitei ake e whakatere ana i te whakahekenga o ngā rauemi semiconductor, te phosphor, me ngā resins kōpikopiko, e tere ake ai te whakapeka o te huaputa mārama. Ko te pupuri i te pāmahana o te komititanga he mea nui. Ko te take tuarua ko te au whakamua—ko te au hiko e whakahaere ana i te LED. Ko te au whakamua e hāngai ana ki te tīahoaho; ko te tikanga o te nui ake o nāianei, he nui ake te mārama. Heoi anō, mā te pana i ētahi atu o nāianei mā roto i te maramara, ka nui ake hoki te wera i te komititanga. Ka whakapūtātia e ngā kaiwhakanao LED ngā awhe o nāianei mahi haumaru. Mā te mahi i te pito o runga o ēnei awhe ka nui ake te mārama, engari me tino pai te whakahaere wera (he totohu wera tino kounga) hei ārai i te pāmahana tūtakinga kia kore ai e piki me te whakapoto i te oranga o te LED. I tua atu, mēnā ka noho mātao tonu te maramara LED mā te hoahoa totohu wera tino pai—ko te tikanga kia mau tonu te pāmahana tūtakinga i raro iho i te 85°C—ka taea te whakamōrahi i te roanga o te ora, ā, ka iti ake te pānga o ngā rerekētanga o te au whakamua i roto i te awhe kua whakapūtātia. He mahi whakataurite mārire i waenganui i te huaputa mārama, te whakahaere wera, me te roanga o te ora e hiahiatia ana.
He aha te L70, he aha hoki te paerewa mō te tūmanako ora LED?
Ina kite koe i tētahi pūrama LED e pānuitia ana me te "roanga o te wā" o te 50,000 haora, e tata tonu ana ki tōna whakatauranga ora L70. Ko te L70 he ngahuru paerewa-umanga i tautuhia e te Illuminating Engineering Society (IES). E tohu ana i te wā i whakahekea ai te huaputa mārama o tētahi rama LED, kōwae rānei ki te 70% o ōna lumens tuatahi. Ki tētahi atu kupu, ko te maha o ngā haora mahi i mua i te rama e 30% hina ake i te wā hou. E whakaarohia ana tēnei ko te "oranga whaitake" o tētahi LED mō te nuinga o ngā taupānga tīramarama whānui. Ehara te kōwhiringa o te 70% i te mea noa iho; He paepae tērā e kitea ai te whakaiti o te mārama, ā, ka tīmata ki te pānga ki te taumahinga o te tīramarama i hoahoatia ai. Hei tauira, kua kore pea e tika te mārama o te rama tiriti kua hina i te 30% mō te haumarutanga, ka taka rānei tētahi mokowā tari ki raro iho i ngā taumata mārama e manakohia ana mō te mahi tūmahi. He mea nui kia mārama kei te mahi tonu te LED i tōna wāhi L70. Kāore anō kia rahua; He hina noa iho. Ka haere tonu ki te whakaputa mārama, ka āta whakapeka anō, tērā pea mō ngā mano haora anō, kia hina rawa rā anō kia whai take. E hua ana ngā whakatau tata ka taea e tētahi LED te whakaputa tonu i ētahi rama tae atu ki te 100,000 hāora, neke atu rānei i mua i te "whakaweto," engari ko te pūwāhi L70 te tohu paerewa e whakamahia ana e ngā kaipūkaha, ngā kaipūtā, me ngā kaiwhakarite hei whakataurite i ngā hua me te whakarite mō ngā huringa tautiakitanga me te whakakapinga.
He aha te rerekētanga o te L70 i te rahunga kino i ētahi atu pūrama?
Ko te ariā o L70 e miramira ana i tētahi huringa whakaahua taketake i roto i tā mātou whakaaro mō te roanga o te pūtake mārama. Mā te rama kākano, kōauau rānei, he takahanga ohorere te mutunga o te ora—ka weto te rama, ā, me whakakapi wawe. He tauhohe te tiakitanga. Mā ngā LED, ko te mutunga o te ora he tukanga āta mōhiotia. Mā tēnei e āhei ai te whakarite whakatikatika. E mōhio ana tētahi kaiwhakahaere pānga mō tētahi whare putunga nui, tētahi mahere taone rānei mō ngā rama tiriti, i muri i ētahi haora, ka hina ngā rama i te 30%, ā, me whakarite hei whakakapinga hei wāhanga o tētahi kaupapa tīrama rōpū, kaua e tatari mō ngā rahunga takitahi. He nui ake te utu o tēnei rautaki whakakapinga rōpū i te tuku kaimahi mō ngā tapi kotahi, tauhohe. Heoi anō, nā te mea kei te tawhiti rawa te pūwāhi L70 i te wā e heke mai nei—i te nuinga o te 10, 15, 20 tau rānei mō ngā rama e mahi ana i te 12 hāora i te rā—ka noho te rama LED hei wae "whakauru me te wareware", e tino whakaiti ana i ngā kawenga tiakitanga. Heoi anō, ka nui ake te arotahi o tēnei oranga ki te kounga o te hoahoa tuatahi me ngā mōtete, nā te mea he iti noa iho te oranga o te LED i hoahoatia me te whakahaere wera kāore i te rawaka, e whakakore ana i tōna painga tuatahi.
He aha te LM-80 me te pēhea e whakarato ai i te tūāpapa mō te whakamātautau ora LED?
Ko te LM-80 te tikanga paerewa i hangaia e te IES mō te ine i te whakahekenga lumen o ngā pūtake rama LED. Ehara i te matapae o te roanga o te ora, engari ko te tukanga kohikohi raraunga mārō e taea ai aua matapae. Whakaarohia te LM-80 hei kohinga raraunga taketake, me TM-21 hei utauta tātari me te matapae e whakamahi ana i taua raraunga. Ko te paerewa LM-80 e whakatau ana i tētahi kawa whakamātautau tino tauwhāiti, roa hoki. Me whakamātau ngā kaiwhakanao i tētahi tauira māngai o ngā mōkī LED, ngā huānga, ngā kōwae rānei. Ka whakahaeretia ēnei tauira i ngā pāmahana kēhi rerekē e toru—ko te tikanga ko te 55°C, 85°C, me te pāmahana tuatoru i kōwhiria e te kaiwhakanao, i te nuinga o te wā 105°C. Ka inetia te huaputa mārama (lumens) o ia tauira i ngā wā maha i roto i te wā whakamātautau mōkito. Ahakoa ka tangohia ngā pānui tuatahi, e hiahiatia ana e te paerewa ngā raraunga mō te 6,000 hāora mahi motukore neke atu rānei, ā, ko tētahi pūrongo katoa i runga anō i te 8,000 ki te 10,000 hāora whakamātautau e manakohia ana kia nui ake ai te tika. Mā tēnei tukanga, e tata ana ki te kotahi tau te roa ki te whakaoti, ka whakarato i tētahi pikitia taipitopito o te āhua o te whakahekenga o te huaputa mārama o te LED i roto i ngā pāmahana rerekē. Ko tēnei raraunga taketake mō te tiaki lumen te kaupapa o tētahi kerēme LED whai tikanga. Ka whakarato i ngā whakaaturanga uaua e hiahiatia ana hei neke mai i te pānui mākete ki te ao pūkaha.
He aha te TM-21 me te pēhea e whakanui ai i ngā raraunga LM-80 hei matapae i te L70?
Ahakoa ka homai e LM-80 ngā raraunga whakamātautau tūturu tae atu ki te 10,000 haora, he poto tonu tēnei i te 50,000+ haora e tūmanakohia ana e mātou mai i ngā LED. He kore noa iho te tatari kia 6 tau ki te whakamātau i tētahi hua ki tōna wāhi L70. Koinei te wāhi e uru mai ai a TM-21. Ko TM-21, he paerewa IES hoki, e whakarato ana i tētahi tikanga pāngarau mō te tāpiri i ngā raraunga whakamātautau LM-80 hei whakarite i tētahi matapae tika o te tautiakitanga lumen mo te wā roa o te LED, otirā ko tōna oranga L70. Ehara te tikanga TM-21 i te matapae "raina hāngai" māmā. Kei roto i te whakauru i ngā raraunga LM-80 i kohia ki tētahi taumahi pirau taupū. Ko tēnei tauira tatauranga e pā ana ki te mea he tere ake te whakahekenga o te lumen i te oranga tōmua o tētahi LED, kātahi ka whakatikatika ki tētahi pānaki āta whakaaro. Mā te tātari i te ia o ngā pūwāhi raraunga i kohia, ka whakatakoto te tatauranga TM-21 i tēnei ānau pirau ki mua i te wā. Ko te hua he L70 te oranga i roto i ngā haora, engari me ngā whakatūpato hira. Ka whakarato hoki te paerewa TM-21 i ngā tepe pūrongo, ko te tikanga ka whakaarotia anake te tāpiritanga e tika ana tae atu ki tētahi taumaha o te roanga whakamātautau (hei tauira, 6x te wā whakamātautau LM-80). Nā reira, mai i te 10,000 hāora o ngā raraunga LM-80, ka whakaarotia pea he pono te matapae TM-21 tae atu ki te 60,000 haora. Mā tēnei huarahi pūtaiao e whakarato i tētahi huarahi paerewa, ōrite, me te pono ake mō ngā kaiwhakanao ki te whakapūtā i te oranga o ā rātou LED, mā te whakawhirinaki ki ngā kaihoko me ngā kiritaki ki ngā kerēme mahinga.
He aha te take e hiahiatia ai te LM-80 me te TM-21 mō ngā kerēme oranga LED whai tikanga?
Ko te pahekotanga o LM-80 me TM-21 he pūnaha kaha, e rua ngā wāhanga e kawe mai ana i te kaha pūtaiao ki te pūrongo oranga LED. Ki te kore te LM-80, he matapae noa iho te kerēme roanga o te ora, he tauākī mākete rānei. Ka whakarato te LM-80 i ngā raraunga uaua, ka taea te arotaupū—te tohu o te mahi a te LED i raro i ngā āhuatanga whakahaere, āwangawanga. Ka whakatū i tētahi tauanga o te mea. Heoi anō, kāore ngā raraunga taketake anake e homai ki a mātou te whakautu whakamutunga e hiahiatia ana mō te whakapūtātanga hua. Ka tangohia e TM-21 taua raraunga pono, ā, ka hoatu i tētahi tauira pāngarau paerewa, arotake-ā-hoa hei whakaata i taua mahinga ā muri ake nei, e homai ana ki a mātau he whakatau tata māia, pono hoki o te oranga L70. Ko tēnei tukanga hipanga rua te mea e wehe ana i ngā kaiwhakanao rongonui mai i te hunga e whakanui ana i ngā kerēme. Ina homai e tētahi kaiwhakanao ngā pūrongo whakamātautau LM-80 mai i tētahi taiwhanga hunga-tuatoru e mōhiotia ana, ā, ka whakaatu i ā rātou tatauranga TM-21, kei te pūrua rātou i te roanga o te oranga o tā rātou hua ki te pūtaiao manatoko. Mō ngā kaihoko me ngā kaitauwhāiti, otirā i roto i ngā kaupapa tauine nui pēnei i ngā taiwhanga, ngā huarahi, ngā pūkenga ahumahi rānei e nui ana te utu o te whakakapinga, he tino taonga tēnei whakaaturanga. Ka taea te whakataurite āporo-ki-te-āporo i waenga i ngā hua LED rerekē, ā, ka taea te aromatawai tika i te mahinga mo te wā roa me te hokinga mai o te pūtea penapena.
Ngā rerekētanga matua i waenga i te LM-80 me te TM-21
Ka whakamāramatia e tēnei ripanga ngā tūranga motuhake o ēnei paerewa umanga matua e rua.
| Āhuahira | LM-80 | TM-21 |
|---|---|---|
| Taumahi Matua | paerewa inenga | Aratuka Pūwhiti/Extrapolation |
| He aha tāna mahi | Ka whakapūtā me pēhea te whakamātau i ngā pūtake rama LED hei kohikohi i ngā raraunga whakahekenga lumen taketake i roto i te wā (neke atu i te 6,000 hāora). | Ka whakapūtā me pēhea te whakaata pāngarau i ngā raraunga whakamātautau LM-80 ki mua hei whakatau tata i te oranga L70 mo te wā roa. |
| Huaputa | He pūrongo taipitopito o te tiakitanga lumen ine i ngā wā me ngā pāmahana tauwhāiti. | Ko te roanga o te L70 (hei tauira, 50,000 haora) i runga anō i te raraunga LM-80. |
| Taiao | Empirical (i runga anō i te whakamātautau tūturu, ā-tinana) | Tātaritanga (e ai ki te tauira tatauranga) |
| tūranga | Ka whakarato i ngā whakaaturanga tūāpapa. | Ka whakarato i te matapae ā-ringa mō ngā kaitauwhāiti. |
Hei whakamutunga, ko te mārama ki te oranga rama LED me neke atu i ngā whakatauranga haora ngāwari. E tono ana i te whakamōhiotanga ki te pūtaiao o te whakahekenga o te lumen, te tūranga nui o te whakahaere wera, me ngā paerewa umanga—LM-80 mō te whakamātautau uaua me te TM-21 mō te matapae pono—e whakarite ana he pono ngā kerēme a ngā kaiwhakanao. Mō ngā tāngata katoa e pā ana ki te whakapūtā, ki te hoko, ki te kōwhiri rānei i ngā tīramarama LED kounga tiketike, ko te mōhio ki te rerekētanga i waenganui i ēnei paerewa me te tikanga tūturu o L70 te kī ki te whakatau i tētahi whakataunga mōhio e whakarite ana i te mahinga me te uara mō te wā roa.
Ngā pātai auau mō te LED Life, LM-80, me TM-21
Ka mutu te mahi a te LED i tōna oranga L70 kua whakatauria?
Kāo, kāore te LED e mutu te mahi i tōna oranga L70. Ko te whakatauranga L70 te wāhi i whakahekea ai te huaputa mārama ki te 70% o tōna uara tuatahi. Ka haere tonu te LED ki te whakaputa mārama, kia iti ake te rehu, mō ngā mano hāora i tua atu i tōna whakatauranga L70, kia hina rawa rā anō mō tōna whāinga, mō tētahi wae pēnei rānei i te atekōkiri.
He aha ahau e hiahia ana ki te mohio mo te LM-80 me te TM-21 ina hoko i tetahi rama LED?
Mō tētahi pūrama kāinga ngāwari, kāore pea koe e hiahia ki te keri i ngā pūrongo. Heoi anō, mō ngā kaupapa arumoni, ahumahi rānei e haumi ana koe i ngā rama e hia mano tāra e hiahiatia ana kia roa, he tino nui ēnei paerewa. Ko rātou anake te huarahi hei manatoko i ngā kerēme oranga o te kaiwhakanao. Ko tētahi hua e pūruatia ana e ngā raraunga LM-80 me ngā matapae TM-21 e whakarato ana i te tohu o tōna roanga o te ora, i te mea ko tētahi kāore e mahi ana i tētahi kerēme kāore i te mōhiotia.
Me pēhea e roa ake ai te roa o aku rama LED?
Ko te mea tino nui ka taea e koe te whakahaere ko te wera. Me mātua whakarite he pai te whakaora o ō taputapu LED, ā, kāore i tāutatia ki ngā mokowā rāhui, kāore i te whakawāteatia, engari rawa mēnā kua whakatauria motuhaketia. Mā te pupuri i te atekōkiri me te totohu wera e whakaiti i te pāmahana tūtakinga o ngā LED, ka pōturi i te tukanga whakahekenga lumen me te whakamōrahi i te wā kia tae rā anō ki tō rātou wāhi L70.
