Ko e Mana ʻo e Maama LED Tunable
Kuo mahulu hake ʻa e maama LED ʻi onoponi ʻi he ngaue faingofua ʻo e mama. ʻI he ʻaho ni, ʻoku ʻikai ngata pe ʻi heʻetau lava ʻo liliu ʻa e maama ka ko e lanu pe "mafana" ʻo e maama ʻoku ne ʻomai. Kuo liliu ʻe he malava ko ʻeni ke fakaleleiʻi ʻa e maama mo e mafana ʻo e lanu. Ka ʻoku ngaue fefe ʻa e liliu faingofua ko ʻeni? ʻOku ʻi lalo ʻi he funga ʻo ha foʻi ʻuhila LED ʻoku ʻi ai ha fakatahaʻi fakaʻofoʻofa ʻo e fisiki, fakaʻilekitulonika mo e saienisi ʻo e naunau. Ko e ngaahi tefitoʻi moʻoni ʻoku ne puleʻi ʻa e ngaahi liliu ko ʻeni—ko hono tuifio ʻo e ngaahi spectra LED kehekehe ki he mafana ʻo e lanu mo hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo e pulse width modulation (PWM) ki he maama ʻo onoponi. ʻE fakamatalaʻi ʻe he fakahinohino ko ʻeni ʻa e ngaahi fakakaukau ʻo e mafana ʻo e lanu, fakafekauʻaki ʻa e lanu (CCT), mo e fakaʻilekitulonika ʻo e PWM ʻi ha founga ʻoku fakatou maʻu mo tonu fakatekinikale.
Ko e ha ʻa e mafana ʻo e lanu ʻo e LED pea ʻoku anga fefe hono liliu?
Ko e mafana ʻo e lanu ko ha founga ia ke fakamatalaʻi ʻaki ʻa e lanu ʻo e maama ʻoku ʻasi mai mei ha maʻuʻanga tokoni. ʻOku ʻikai ʻuhinga ia ki he vela fakaesino ʻo ha mama, ka ko e mafana pe mokomoko ʻo e mama. ʻOku fakatefito ʻa e tefitoʻi moʻoni ʻi he fisiki ʻo ha meʻa lelei ʻoku ui ko e "radiator ʻuliʻuli." ʻI he taimi ʻoku mafana ai ha sino ʻuliʻuli, ʻoku ulo ia ʻaki ha lanu ʻoku liliu ʻi he mafana ʻo e ʻea. ʻI he mafana ʻo e ʻea, ʻoku ne tuku mai ha maama lanu kulokula mafana. ʻI he fakautuutu ʻa e mafana ʻo e ʻea, ʻoku liliu ʻa e lanu ki ha hinehina "mokomoko" pea iku ki ha lanu pulu. ʻOku fua ʻa e lanu ko ʻeni ʻi he ngaahi ʻiuniti ʻoku ui ko Kelvin (K). ʻOku maʻulalo ʻaupito ʻa e lanu ʻo e ulo ʻo e teʻelango, fakafuofua ki he 1800K (lanu moli mafana). Ko e foʻi ʻuhila angamaheni ʻoku 2700K-3000K (lanu hinehina mafana). ʻOku maʻolunga ange ʻa e maama hoʻataa, fakafuofua ki he 5500K-6500K (hinehina/pulu mokomoko). ʻI he mamani ʻo e LEDs, ʻoku ʻikai fekauʻaki ia mo hono fakamafanaʻi ʻo ha filament. Ka ʻoku fekauʻaki ia mo hono fakatahaʻi ʻo e maama mei he ngaahi maʻuʻanga tokoni kehekehe. Ko e founga angamaheni taha ki hono faʻu ʻo e LED hinehina ko hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo ha LED lanu puluu. ʻOku fakaʻaiʻai ʻe he maama lanu puluu ʻa e phosphor, pea ʻoku hanga ʻe hono fakatahaʻi ʻo e maama lanu pulu mo e lanu hinehina. Ke liliu ʻa e mafana ʻo e lanu, ʻe lava ke ʻi ai ha seti "mafana" ʻo e LED. Fakatupulaki ʻa e LED mokomoko pea hoko ʻo mokomoko ange. Ko e tefitoʻi moʻoni mahuʻinga ʻeni ʻo e maama LED ʻoku tuʻu hinehina pe CCT.
Ko e ha ʻa e radiator ʻo e sino ʻuliʻuli mo hono fatongia ʻi hono fakaʻuhingaʻi ʻo e mafana ʻo e lanu?
Ko e foʻi fakakaukau ʻo e radiator ʻuliʻuli ʻoku mahuʻinga ia ki he mahino ʻa e mafana ʻo e lanu. ʻI he fisiki, ko e sino ʻuliʻuli ko ha meʻa ia ʻoku ne absorbs ʻa e radiation electromagnetic kotoa pe ʻoku to ki ai. ʻI he taimi ʻoku mafana ai ʻa e meʻa ko ʻeni, ʻoku hoko ia ko ha emitter haohaoa ʻo e radiation. Ko e spectrum ʻo e maama ʻoku ne tuku mai ʻoku hokohoko mo molemole, pea ko hono lanu ʻoku makatuʻunga pe ia ʻi hono mafana ʻo e ʻea. ʻI he 3000K, ʻoku ulo ʻa e sino ʻuliʻuli ʻaki ha maama mafana lanu engeenga. ʻI he 5000K, ʻoku lanu pulu ʻa e mama. ʻI he 6500K mo ʻolunga, ʻoku lanu pulu makehe ʻa e mama. Koeʻuhi ʻoku liliu ʻa e lanu ʻo e sino ʻuliʻuli ʻi he mafana ʻo e ʻea, ʻoku ne ʻomi ha meʻafua haohaoa ki hono fua ʻo e lanu ʻo e mama. ʻI he taimi ʻoku tau pehe ai ʻoku lanu tatau pe ʻa e maama mo ha sino ʻuliʻuli kuo fakamafanaʻi ki he 3000 Kelvin. ʻI ha ngaahi taʻu lahi, naʻe meimei fakaʻaongaʻi lelei ʻa e foʻi fakakaukau ko ʻeni ki he ngaahi maama incandescent mo e halogen, ʻa ia ko ha ngaahi radiator mafana pea ʻoku ne ʻomi ha tuʻunga hokohoko ʻoku meimei tatau mo ha sino ʻuliʻuli. Ko honau chromaticity coordinates (ko e fakaʻuhinga totonu ʻo honau lanu ʻi ha sati) ʻoku meimei tatau pe ia mo e feituʻu ʻo e sino ʻuliʻuli—ʻa e laine ʻi ha fakatata chromaticity ʻoku ne fakatotoloʻi ʻa e lanu ʻo ha sino ʻuliʻuli ʻi he mafana kehekehe.
Ko e ha ʻa e fakafekauʻaki ʻo e mafana ʻo e lanu (CCT) pea ko e ha ʻoku fakaʻaongaʻi ai ia ki he LEDs?
ʻOku toe faingataʻa ange ʻa e tuʻunga ʻi he ngaahi maʻuʻanga maama ʻoku ʻikai ko ha radiator vela, hange ko e maama fluorescent pea mahuʻinga taha, LEDs. ʻOku ʻomi ʻe he LED ʻa e maama ʻo fakafou ʻi he electroluminescence, kae ʻikai ko e vela. ʻOku ʻikai ko ha piko molemole mo hokohoko ʻo hange ko e sino ʻuliʻuli; ʻoku faʻa fakatahaʻi ia ʻo e tumutumu lanu pulu mo e phosphor engeenga. Koeʻuhi ko e meʻa ni, ʻoku ʻikai ke teitei to tonu ʻa e chromaticity coordinates ʻo ha LED ʻi he feituʻu ʻuliʻuli. ʻE anga fefe haʻatau fakamatalaʻi hono lanu? Ko e feituʻu ʻeni ʻoku hoko ai ʻa e Correlated Color Temperature (CCT). CCT ko e mafana ʻo e sino ʻuliʻuli ʻa ia ʻoku faitatau taha hono lanu. Ko ha tuʻunga ʻulungaanga mahuʻinga ia ʻoku "feʻunga lelei taha". ʻI ha fakatata chromaticity, ʻoku ke maʻu ai ʻa e poini ʻi he feituʻu ʻuliʻuli ʻoku ofi taha ki he chromaticity ʻo e LED. Hange ko ʻeni, ko ha LED mo ha CCT ʻo e 3000K ʻe meimei tatau ʻaupito ʻa e lanu mo ha foʻi ʻuhila 3000K, neongo ʻoku kehe ʻaupito ʻa hono spectral. Ko e ʻuhinga ʻeni ʻoku hoko ai ʻa e CCT ko e meʻafua angamaheni ʻoku fakaʻaongaʻi ki he meimei kotoa ʻo e maama LED hinehina he ʻaho ni. ʻOku ne ʻomi ha fika faingofua, intuitive ʻoku ne fakaʻata ʻa e kau fakatau mo e kau tisaini ke fakafehoanaki mo fili ʻa e "mafana" pe "mokomoko" ʻoku fie maʻu ʻo e maama mei he ngaahi kautaha mo e ngaahi tekinolosia kehekehe, neongo kapau ʻoku kehekehe ʻa e ngaahi faʻunga ʻo e spectral. ʻOku ʻomi ʻe he CCT maʻulalo ange (2700K-3000K) ha ongo mafana, fakafiemalie, lolotonga ia ʻoku ʻomi ʻe he CCT maʻolunga ange (4000K-6500K) ha ʻatakai lelei, tokanga mo longomoʻui.
ʻOku liliu fefe ʻa e maama ʻo e LED?
Liliu ʻa e ngingila ʻo ha LED ʻoku ngali faingofua: holoki hifo pe ʻa e malohi, ʻikai ko ia? Neongo ko e tefitoʻi fakakaukau ia, ʻoku mahuʻinga ʻa e founga ʻoku fakaʻaongaʻi ki hono tauhi ʻo e tuʻunga lelei mo e lavameʻa ʻo e lanu. Ko e founga angamaheni mo lelei taha ki hono fakasiʻisiʻi ʻo e LED ʻoku ui ia ko e Pulse Width Modulation, pe PWM. Ko e PWM ko ha founga ia ki hono puleʻi ʻo e ʻavalisi ʻo e malohi ʻoku ʻoatu ki ha LED ʻo ʻikai liliu ʻa e voltage pe tuʻunga lolotonga ʻoku ngaue ai. ʻOku ngaue ia ʻo hange ha meʻa kamosi fakaʻilekitulonika vave. ʻOku fakamoʻui mo tamateʻi ʻe he PWM ʻa e LED ʻi ha tuʻo lahi ʻoku fuʻu maʻolunga ʻaupito ʻo ʻikai lava ke fakatokangaʻi ʻe he mata ʻo e tangata ʻa e kemo. ʻOku fakapapauʻi ʻe he ratio ʻo e taimi "on" ki he taimi "mate" ʻa e maama ʻoku ongoʻi. ʻOku ʻiloa ʻa e ratio ko ʻeni ko e siakale ʻo e ngaue. ʻOku ʻuhinga ʻa e 100% duty cycle ʻoku fakamoʻui maʻu pe ʻa e LED, pea ʻoku ʻasi ia ʻi hono maama lahi taha. ʻOku ʻuhinga ʻa e siakale ngaue ʻe 50% ʻoku fakamoʻui vaeua ʻa e taimi pea mate ʻi he vaeua ʻo e taimi; ʻoku fakatahaʻi ʻe hotau mata ʻa e pulsing vave ko ʻeni pea ʻiloʻi ʻoku vaeua ʻo e ngingila ʻo e taimi. ʻOku ʻai ʻe he siakale ʻo e ngaue ʻe 10% ke ngali nenefu ʻaupito. ʻOku ola lelei ʻaupito ʻa e founga ko ʻeni koeʻuhi ko e taimi ʻoku ulo ai ʻa e LED, ʻoku lele ia ʻi hono ʻau lelei taha, pea ʻi he taimi ʻoku mate ai, ʻoku ʻikai ke ne maʻu ha malohi. ʻOku fuʻu vave ʻaupito ʻa e switch on/off (faʻa tuʻo lauiafe ʻi he sekoni) pea ʻoku ʻikai lava ke fakatokangaʻi, ʻo ne ʻomi ha aʻusia fakapoʻuli lelei ʻi he taimi ʻoku fakahoko totonu ai.
ʻOku ngaue fefe ʻa e PWM dimming ʻi he tuʻunga ʻo e circuit?
Ko e faʻu ʻo ha fakaʻilonga PWM ko ha ngaue mahuʻinga ia ʻi he ngaahi meʻa fakaʻilekitulonika. ʻOku faʻa fakatefito ʻa e uho ʻo ha misini ʻuhila PWM faingofua ʻi ha circuit comparator ʻoku ne fakafehoanaki ʻa e ongo fakaʻilonga ʻe ua. Ko e output ʻo e fakafehoanaki ko ha peau tapafa ʻoku "maʻolunga" (fakamoʻui ʻa e LED) ʻi he taimi ʻoku maʻulalo ai ʻa e peau ʻo e nifo kili ʻi he taimi ʻoku ʻi ʻolunga ai. ʻOku liliu ʻa e maolahi ʻo e pulses "maʻolunga" ko ʻeni ʻi he voltage ʻoku puleʻi, ko ia ai ʻoku ui ia ko e Pulse Width Modulation. ʻOku fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e fakaʻilonga PWM ke fakamoʻui mo tamateʻi ha transistor (hange ko ha MOSFET). ʻOku fokotuʻu hokohoko ʻa e transistor ko ʻeni mo e afo LED. ʻI he taimi ʻoku maʻolunga ai ʻa e fakaʻilonga PWM, ʻoku taki ʻa e transistor, pea ʻoku tafe mai ʻa e lolotonga ʻi he LEDs, ʻo fakamoʻui kinautolu. ʻI he taimi ʻoku maʻulalo ai ʻa e fakaʻilonga, ʻoku tuʻusi ʻa e transistor, taʻofi ʻa e lolotonga pea tamateʻi ʻa e LEDs. ʻOku fili fakalelei ʻa e tuʻo lahi ʻo e liliu ko ʻeni ke maʻolunga ange ʻi he feituʻu ʻe lava ke ʻiloʻi ʻe he mata ʻo e tangata, ʻi ʻolunga ʻi he 200 Hz ki he lahi taha ʻo e ngaahi polokalama, pea faʻa ʻi he kHz ki he maama maʻolunga ke fakapapauʻi ʻoku ʻikai ha kemo ʻoku ʻasi mai. ʻOku liliu ʻe he dimming control ʻoku ke fengaueʻaki mo ia—ko ha knob, slider, pe smart home app—ʻa e siakale ʻo e ngaue ʻo e fakaʻilonga PWM ko ʻeni.
Ko e ha ʻoku saiʻia ange ai ʻa e PWM ʻi hono fakasiʻisiʻi ʻo e lolotonga ki he dimming?
Ko e tefitoʻi ʻuhinga ʻoku hoko ai ʻa e PWM ko e founga dimming lahi ki he LEDs ko e tuʻunga tatau ʻo e lanu. ʻOku makatuʻunga ʻa e mafana ʻo e lanu (CCT) ʻo ha LED chip ʻi he lolotonga ʻoku tafe mai ai. Kapau te ke fakasiʻisiʻi ʻa e lolotonga fakahangatonu (DC) ke fakasiʻisiʻi ʻa e LED, ʻe lava ke liliu ʻa e lanu ʻo e mama. Hange ko ʻeni, ʻe lava ke kiʻi lanu pingiki pe lanu mata ʻa e LED ʻi he taimi ʻoku maʻulalo ange ai. ʻI hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo e PWM, ʻoku ngaue maʻu pe ʻa e LED ʻi hono palani lolotonga ʻi he taimi ʻoku fakamoʻui ai. ʻOku fakapapauʻi ʻe he meʻa ni ʻoku tuʻu maʻu mo moʻoni ʻa e lanu ʻo e mama ʻi he kotoa ʻo e dimming. Tatau ai pe pe pe ʻoku 100% ngingila pe 10% ngingila ʻa e mama, ko ia ʻoku ʻikai liliu ʻa e mafana ʻo e lanu. Ko e loloa pe ʻo e pulses ʻoku liliu. ʻOku ʻai ʻe he PWM ʻa e founga lelei taha ki hono tauhi ʻo e mapuleʻi totonu ʻo e lanu. Ko e lelei ʻe taha ko e lavameʻa. ʻE lava ke faʻa iku ʻa e fakasiʻisiʻi ʻo e lolotonga ki he mole ʻo e ivi ʻi he circuit ʻo e fakaʻuli. ʻOku fakasiʻisiʻi ʻe he PWM, ʻi hono fakamoʻui mo tamateʻi kakato ʻa e LEDs, ʻa e ngaahi mole ko ʻeni pea tauhi ʻa e tuʻunga lelei fakalukufua ʻo e polokalama, ʻa ia ko ha tefitoʻi talaʻofa ia ʻo e tekinolosia LED.
Ko hono fakatahaʻi ʻo e mafana ʻo e lanu mo e liliu ʻo e ngingila: Tunable White Lighting
ʻOku ʻiloʻi ʻa e malohi moʻoni ʻo e maama LED ʻo onoponi ʻi he taimi ʻoku tau fakatahaʻi ai ʻa e adjustable CCT mo e PWM dimming. Ko e meʻa ʻeni ʻoku ne fakaʻata ʻa e ngaahi polokalama "tunable white" pe "human-centric lighting". ʻOku ʻi ai ha ongo fakaʻuli PWM tauʻataina ʻe ua. ʻOku puleʻi ʻe he fakaʻuli ʻe taha ʻa e ngingila ʻo e LED mafana, pea ko e taha ʻoku ne puleʻi ʻa e ngingila ʻo e LED mokomoko. ʻOku ʻoatu ʻe he central control system—ʻa ia ʻe lava ke hoko ko ha meʻa faingofua ʻe ua pe ko ha polokalama fakaʻotometiki ʻo e fale—ha ongo fakaʻilonga PWM kehekehe ʻe ua. ʻI hono liliu ʻa e siakale ʻo e fatongia ʻo e ongo fakaʻilonga ko ʻeni, te ke lava ʻo fokotuʻu tauʻataina ʻa e malohi ʻo e afo lanu takitaha. Ke maʻu ha maama mafana mo poipoi, te ke lava ʻo ʻave ha fakaʻilonga PWM malohi ki he LEDs mafana pea vaivai ʻaupito ki he LED mokomoko. Ke maʻu ha maama ngingila, mokomoko mo longomoʻui, te ke fai ʻa e meʻa ʻoku fehangahangai mo ia. Ki ha hinehina ʻoku ʻikai kau ki ha tafaʻaki ʻi he ngingila lotoloto, te ke potupotutatau ʻa e ongo fakaʻilonga. ʻOku fakaʻata ʻe he founga ko ʻeni ʻa e liliu hokohoko ʻi he CCT mo e maama kotoa, faʻu ha ngaahi ʻatakai ʻo e maama ʻe lava ke faʻifaʻitaki ki he fakalakalaka fakanatula ʻo e maama mei he mafoa ʻa e ata ki he poʻuli, poupouʻi ʻa e ngaahi taimi ʻo e circadian ʻa e tangata mo fakaleleiʻi ʻa e fiemalie, lavameʻa, mo e lelei.
Ngaahi Tefitoʻi Fakakaukau ʻi he LED Color and Brightness Control
ʻOku fakamatalaʻi fakanounou ʻe he tepile ko ʻeni ʻa e ngaahi tefitoʻi moʻoni mahuʻinga ʻoku aleaʻi ʻi he fakahinohino ko ʻeni.
| Fakakaukau | Fakaʻuhingaʻi | Founga hono fakatonutonu ʻi he LEDs |
|---|---|---|
| Mafana ʻo e Lanu (Sino ʻUliʻuli) | Ko e lanu ʻo e maama mei ha sino ʻuliʻuli vela, fua ʻi he Kelvin (K). | ʻIkai adjustable fakahangatonu ʻi ha LED pe ʻe taha; fakaʻaongaʻi ko ha meʻafua fakafekauʻaki. |
| Fakafekauʻaki ʻa e mafana ʻo e lanu (CCT) | Ko e "hoa lelei taha" ʻo e lanu ʻo e LED ki he mafana ʻo e sino ʻuliʻuli. | ʻAki hono tuifio ʻo e mama mei he ngaahi afo LED mafana mo mokomoko mavahevahe. |
| Ngingila | Ko e malohi ʻo e mama. | Tautautefito ʻi he Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). |
| Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) | Ko ha founga ʻo hono fakamoʻui mo tamateʻi ʻo e LED ʻi he vave maʻolunga ke mapuleʻi ʻa e ngingila ʻavalisi. | ʻAki hono liliu ʻa e siakale ʻo e fatongia (on/off ratio) ʻo e fakaʻilonga ʻuhila. |
| Siakale ʻo e Fatongia | Ko e peseti ʻo e taimi ʻoku "on" mo e "off" ʻa e fakaʻilonga PWM. | Puleʻi ʻe ha dimmer pe founga puleʻi; ko ha siakale ngaue maʻolunga ange = maama maʻolunga ange. |
Ko hono fakaʻosi, ko e malava ko ia ke liliu fakatouʻosi ʻa e mafana ʻo e lanu mo e ngingila ʻo e maama LED ko ha fengaueʻaki lelei ia ʻo e palani fakaʻata mo e puleʻi fakaʻilekitulonika. ʻOku fakaʻata kitautolu ʻe he tefitoʻi moʻoni ʻo hono tuifio ʻo e ngaahi maʻuʻanga maama mafana mo mokomoko ke tau folau ʻi he CCT spectrum, lolotonga ia ʻoku ʻomi ʻe he tonu ʻo e PWM dimming ʻa e puleʻi ʻo e malohi. ʻOku fakaivia kitautolu ʻe he ngaahi tekinolosia ko ʻeni ke tau faʻu ha ngaahi ʻatakai ʻo e maama ʻoku ʻikai ngata pe ʻi he ivi lelei ka ʻoku ne tali lelei ʻetau ngaahi fie maʻu.
Ngaahi Fehuʻi ʻOku Faʻa ʻEke Fekauʻaki mo e Lanu mo e Ngingila ʻo e LED
ʻE lava nai ke u fakamolemoʻi ha foʻi ʻuhila LED?
ʻIkai, ʻoku ʻikai dimmable ʻa e ngaahi foʻi ʻuhila LED kotoa pe. Kuo pau ke ke fakatau ʻa e ngaahi foʻi ʻuhila ʻoku fakahingoa ko e "dimmable." ʻE lava ke fakatupu ʻe hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo ha foʻi ʻuhila LED ʻoku ʻikai ke lava ʻo dimmable ʻi ha circuit dimmer ʻa e kemo, buzzing, pea ʻe iku ʻo maumauʻi ʻa e foʻi ʻuhila pe ko e dimmer. ʻIkai ngata ai, ʻoku faʻa ngaue lelei taha ʻa e LED dimmable mo e ngaahi meʻa kamosi LED ʻoku fenapasi mo ia, he ʻoku ʻikai ngaue lelei ʻa e ngaahi foʻi ʻuhila motuʻa ange naʻe faʻu ki he ngaahi foʻi ʻuhila incandescent.
Ko e ha ʻa e mafana lelei taha ʻo e lanu ki ha loki mohe?
ʻOku faʻa fokotuʻu atu ha mafana ʻo e lanu ke fakaʻaiʻai ʻa e malolo mo teuteuʻi ʻa e sino ki he mohe. Kumi ʻa e LED ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e CCT ʻo e 2700K ki he 3000K. ʻOku faʻifaʻitaki ʻe he maama mafana mo engeenga ko ʻeni ʻa e ulo ʻo ha afi pe ngaahi foʻi ʻuhila angamaheni pea tokoni ke faʻu ha ʻatakai fakafiemalie mo nonga. ʻOku fakaʻaongaʻi foki ʻe he ngaahi polokalama maʻolunga ʻe niʻihi ʻa e maama hinehina ke liliu mei he maama mokomoko mo fakaivia ʻi he pongipongi ki he maama mafana ʻi he poʻuli.
ʻOku kovi ʻa e PWM dimming ki ho mata?
ʻOku ʻikai fakatokangaʻi ʻe he mata ʻo e tangata ʻa e tuʻunga maʻolunga ʻo e PWM dimming, ʻa ia ʻoku ngaue ʻi he tuʻo lahi ʻi ʻolunga ʻi he 1-2 kHz. Neongo ia, ʻe lava ke fakatupu ʻe he PWM maʻulalo (ʻi lalo ʻi he 200 Hz) ʻa e kemo ʻoku ʻasi mai, ʻa ia ʻe lava ke iku ki he ongosia ʻa e mata, langa ʻulu mo e taʻefiemalie ki ha niʻihi fakafoʻituitui. ʻI he taimi ʻoku fili ai ʻa e LED dimmable, fili ʻa e ngaahi faʻahinga falalaʻanga ʻoku nau fakamahinoʻi ʻa e "flicker-free" dimming ke fakapapauʻi ʻoku maʻolunga ʻa e tuʻo lahi ʻo e PWM mo ha aʻusia fakaʻofoʻofa ki he sio.
