Ko e ha ʻoku mahuʻinga ai hono siviʻi ʻo e voltage maʻolunga ki he malu ʻo e LED Luminaire

Kuo pau ke aʻusia ʻe he maama LED kotoa pe ʻoku mavahe mei ha fale ngaue ʻo fokotuʻu ʻi ha ʻapi, ʻofisi pe malaʻe vaʻinga ʻa e ngaahi tuʻunga malu fefeka. ʻOku kau ʻi he ngaahi meʻa mahuʻinga taha ʻa e high-voltage test. ʻOku ʻikai fekauʻaki ʻa e sivi ko ʻeni mo hono vakaiʻi pe ʻoku ngaue ʻa e mama, ka ke fakapapauʻi ʻe ʻikai hoko ia ko ha fakatuʻutamaki ʻi he ngaahi tuʻunga ʻo e fehalaaki. Ko e tefitoʻi moʻoni mahuʻinga ke fakapapauʻi ʻoku feʻunga ʻa e insulation ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e ngaahi konga ʻuhila moʻui mo ha faʻahinga konga conductive (hange ko e fale ukamea) ke maluʻi ʻa e kau fakaʻaongaʻi mei he ʻuhila. ʻOku ne simulates ʻa e mafasia ʻo e voltage mo e ngaahi spike ʻe lava ke hoko ʻi he grid ʻuhila. ʻI hono fakaʻaongaʻi ha voltage ʻoku maʻolunga ange ʻi he maama ʻi he ngaue angamaheni. Kapau ʻoku ʻi ai ha vaivaiʻanga. ʻOku ʻiloʻi ʻeni ʻe he sivi, pea ʻoku ʻikai tali ʻa e maama maumau kimuʻa pea toki lava ʻo aʻu ki ha kasitomaa. Ki he ngaahi kautaha hange ko e OAK LED, ʻoku ʻikai ko ha puha pe ʻa e sivi fefeka ʻo e voltage maʻolunga ke vakaiʻi ʻa e tohi fakamoʻoni; ko ha konga mahuʻinga ia ʻo e tukupa ke faʻu ha ngaahi koloa malu mo falalaʻanga ʻoku ne maluʻi ʻa e kau fakaʻaongaʻi mo pukepuke ʻa e ongoongo ʻo e kautaha ki he tuʻunga lelei.

Ko e ha ʻoku fakahoko ai ʻa e ngaahi sivi ʻo e voltage maʻolunga ʻi he ngaahi maama LED?

ʻOku ʻi ai ʻa e tefitoʻi ʻuhinga ʻe ua ki hono siviʻi ʻo e maama LED kotoa pe. Ko e ʻuluaki ʻuhinga ʻoku fekauʻaki hangatonu ia mo e malu ʻa e tangata. ʻI he taimi ʻoku fuofua fakamoʻui ai ha mama, pe ʻi he taimi ʻoku ʻi ai ha fakahohaʻasi ʻi he grid ʻuhila, ʻe lava ke uesia ʻa e meʻangaue ʻi he taimi pe ko ia. ʻI he ngaahi tuʻunga faingataʻa ko ʻeni, ʻoku faingataʻaʻia ʻa e insulation ʻi loto ʻi he luminaire. Kapau ʻoku ʻikai feʻunga ʻa e insulation ʻe lava ke maumau ki he fale ukamea pe ngaahi konga kehe. Kapau ʻe ala ha taha ki he fale ko ʻeni lolotonga ʻene grounded, ʻe lava ke hoko ʻa e ʻuhila ko ha lavea lahi pe mate. Ko e ʻuhinga hono ua ke fakapapauʻi ʻa e tuʻunga totonu mo e ola lelei ʻo e palani mo e fokotuʻutuʻu ʻo e koloa. Ko e sivi ko ʻeni ko ha meʻangaue malohi ia ki hono puleʻi ʻo e tuʻunga lelei ʻe lava ke ne ʻiloʻi ha ngaahi fehalaaki kehekehe. Hange ko ʻeni, kapau ʻoku fuʻu siʻisiʻi ʻa e fale nofoʻanga, pe kapau ʻoku ʻikai fenapasi ʻa e ngaahi konga pelesitiki, ʻe ala uesia ʻa e mamaʻo ʻo e insulation ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e ngaahi konga moʻui mo e fale. ʻE fakahaaʻi ʻe he sivi ʻo e voltage maʻolunga ʻa e vaivai ko ʻeni. ʻIkai ngata ai, ʻoku ne fakapapauʻi ʻe lava ʻe he ngaahi naunau ʻoku fakaʻaongaʻi, tautautefito ki he pelesitiki, ʻo matuʻuaki ʻa e mafasia ʻo e ʻuhila ʻo ʻikai vaia, deforming, pe maumau ʻi he ngaahi tuʻunga angamaheni, ʻa ia ʻe toe uesia ai ʻa e ngaue taimi loloa ʻo e mama. ʻOku ʻomi ʻe he sivi ʻo e voltage maʻolunga ʻa e loto falala ʻoku malu ke fakaʻaongaʻi mo faʻu fefeka ʻa e luminaire.

Ko e ha ʻa e ngaahi fie maʻu angamaheni ʻo e sivi ʻo e voltage maʻolunga ki he ngaahi maama LED?

ʻOku ʻikai ke taʻefakangatangata ʻa e ngaahi fakangatangata pau ʻo ha sivi voltage maʻolunga. ʻOku fakaʻuhingaʻi kinautolu ʻe he ngaahi tuʻunga malu fakavahaʻapuleʻanga hange ko e IEC 60598 (ki he luminaires) mo e IEC 61347 (ki he maama puleʻi). Ki ha maama angamaheni ʻo e Class I (ʻa ia ʻoku ʻi ai ha fale ukamea kuo pau ke fakafehokotaki ki he kelekele ʻo e mamani), ko e voltage sivi angamaheni ko e 1500V AC. ʻOku maʻolunga ange ʻa e voltage ʻo e sivi ʻo e Class II (ʻa ia ʻoku ʻi ai ha insulation ʻe ua pe fakamalohia pea ʻikai fie maʻu ha fehokotakiʻanga ʻo e mamani). ʻOku pehe ʻe he sipinga ʻoku ʻoatu ʻi he ʻuluaki fakamatala ha sivi 2500V, ʻa ia ʻe lava ke fakaʻaongaʻi ki ha faʻahinga maama pe konga pau. Ko e loloa ʻo e sivi ko e miniti ʻe 1 ki hono siviʻi ʻo e faʻahinga (fakamoʻoniʻi ʻo ha tisaini) ka ʻe lava ke fakasiʻisiʻi ki he sekoni ʻe 1 ki hono siviʻi ʻo e laine ngaohi. Lolotonga ʻa e sivi, ʻoku fakaʻaongaʻi ha voltage maʻolunga ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e ngaahi konga moʻui (L mo e N fehokotaki fakataha) mo e ngaahi konga conductive (hange ko e fale ukamea). ʻOku fakafuofuaʻi ʻe he hipot tester ha faʻahinga ʻau pe ʻoku tafe mai ʻi he insulation. ʻOku faʻa ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e milliamps siʻi (mA), ʻoku faʻa fakamahinoʻi ʻoku siʻi hifo ʻi he 5mA, 3.5mA, pe 1mA ki he ngaahi meʻangaue pelepelengesi ʻaupito. Kapau ʻoku lahi ange ʻa e leakage lolotonga ʻi he fakangatangata ko ʻeni, ʻe fakatokanga ʻa e tester, pea ʻoku ʻikai lava ʻe he luminaire ʻa e sivi. ʻOku fakahaaʻi heni ʻoku ʻikai feʻunga ʻa e insulation pea ʻoku ʻikai malu ʻa e koloa. ʻOku fakapapauʻi foki ʻe he sivi ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e malohi dielectric ʻoku fie maʻu ki he ngaahi naunau pelesitiki ʻoku fakaʻaongaʻi ki he fale mo e insulator ʻi loto.

Founga ke fakahoko ai ha sivi ʻo e voltage maʻolunga ʻi ha maama LED: ko ha founga sitepu ki he sitepu

ʻOku fie maʻu ha founga tokanga ke fakapapauʻi ʻa e tonu ʻo e sivi mo e malu ʻa e tokotaha ngaue. Ko ha fakahinohino sitepu ʻeni ʻo makatuʻunga ʻi he ngaahi founga angamaheni, ʻo fakaʻaongaʻi ha hipot tester angamaheni. ʻUluaki, teuteuʻi ʻa e hipot tester ʻaki hono fakafehokotaki hono palaki ʻuhila ki ha outlet "220V" feʻunga (pe voltage totonu ki he tester) pea fakamoʻui ʻa e tefitoʻi meʻa kamosi ʻo e tester. Tuku ʻa e tester ke mafana kapau ʻe fie maʻu. Ua, configure ʻa e settings ʻo e tester. Makatuʻunga ʻi he ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni ki he maama ʻoku siviʻi, seti ʻa e output "voltage" (e.g., 2500V AC), "taimi" ʻo e sivi (e.g., 1 sekoni pe miniti ʻe 1), mo e "leakage current" threshold (e.g., 5 mA) ʻo fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e dials totonu pe digital controls ʻi he misini. Tolu, fai ha vakaiʻi ʻo e ngaue ʻa e tester ke fakapapauʻi ʻoku ngaue totonu. Ko ha sitepu mahuʻinga ʻeni. Toʻo ʻa e vaʻa ʻo e sivi voltage maʻolunga pea ala nounou ki he kelekele pe fehokotakiʻanga kelekele ʻo e tester. Kapau ʻoku ngaue lelei ʻa e tester, ʻe fakatupu ʻe he short circuit ko ʻeni ʻa e fakatokanga he taimi pe ko ia. Kapau ʻoku ʻikai ke fakatokangaʻi, ʻe lava ke maumau ʻa e tester pea ʻoku ʻikai totonu ke fakaʻaongaʻi. Faa, fakahoko ʻa e maama ʻoku siviʻi. Fokotuʻu ʻa e pine plug ʻo e luminaire pe ko hono ngaahi taki ʻuhila ʻi ha fetuʻutaki malohi mo e ngataʻanga ʻo e tester. ʻOku fakafehokotaki ʻe he meʻa ni ʻa e circuit moʻui ʻo e luminaire ki he output voltage maʻolunga. Nima, fakahoko ʻa e sivi. Fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e vaʻa ʻo e probe ki ha konga ukamea ʻo e fale ʻo e luminaire, pe ki ha faʻahinga konga conductive ʻoku lava ke maʻu ʻe ha tokotaha fakaʻaongaʻi. Kuo pau ke fetuʻutaki lelei ʻa e probe. Vakaiʻi ʻa e hipot tester. Kapau ʻoku ʻikai fakatokangaʻi ʻe he tester pea fakakakato ʻa e sivi ʻa ʻene siakale, ʻoku fakahaaʻi ʻe he meʻa ni kuo tuʻu maʻu ʻa e insulation pea kei maʻulalo pe ʻa e leakage lolotonga ʻi lalo ʻi he tuʻunga kuo fokotuʻu. Kuo lavaʻi ʻe he maama ʻa e sivi ʻo e voltage maʻolunga. Kapau ʻoku fakatokanga ʻa e tester ʻi ha faʻahinga taimi, kuo ʻikai lava ʻa e sivi, ʻo fakahaaʻi ai ʻoku maumau pe fuʻu leakage, pea kuo pau ke fakafisingaʻi ʻa e maama ke toe fakatotoloʻi mo toe fakaleleiʻi. ʻOku fakapapauʻi ʻe he founga ko ʻeni ʻoku vakaiʻi lelei ʻa e maama kotoa pe ki he malu ʻo e ʻuhila.

Mahino ʻa e Insulation Performance mo e Potential Failure Modes

Ko e sivi ʻo e high-voltage ko hano fakafuofuaʻi ia ʻo e polokalama insulation ʻo e luminaire. ʻOku ʻikai ko ha konga pe ʻe taha ʻa e polokalama ko ʻeni ka ko hano fakatahaʻi ʻo e ngaahi naunau, mamaʻo mo e tuʻunga lelei ʻo e fakatahaʻanga. Ke lava ʻo fakalaka ʻa e luminaire, kuo pau ke feʻunga ʻa e fakaʻata mo e mamaʻo feʻunga. Ko e fakaʻata ko e mamaʻo nounou taha ia ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e ongo konga conductive. ʻOku fakamahinoʻi ʻe he ngaahi tuʻunga moʻui ʻa e mamaʻo siʻisiʻi taha ʻo makatuʻunga ʻi he voltage ngaue mo e tuʻunga ʻo e ʻuli ʻi he ʻatakai. ʻOku fakapapauʻi ʻe he sivi ʻo e high-voltage ʻoku feʻunga ʻa e mamaʻo ko ʻeni. ʻE lava ke hoko ha palopalema ʻi ha ngaahi ʻuhinga kehekehe. Ko e meʻa mahino taha ko e short circuit, ʻa ia ʻoku tau ai ha uaea he pe ko ha konga ʻoku ʻikai lelei hono fokotuʻu ki he fale. Ko e tupuʻanga angamaheni ʻe taha ko e ʻikai feʻunga ʻa e fakaʻata; kapau ʻoku fuʻu ofi ʻa e ongo fakaʻilonga ʻi ha circuit board, ʻe lava ke hu ʻa e voltage maʻolunga ʻi he ʻea ʻi hona vahaʻa. ʻE lava foki ke hoko ha maumau ʻo e meʻa insulating kapau ʻoku ʻi ai ha ava ʻo e pelesitiki, fuʻu manifi, pe siʻisiʻi ʻa e malohi ʻo e dielectric. ʻE lava ke fakatupu ʻe he hauhau pe ʻuli ʻi he funga ʻo e insulator ha hala conductive, ʻo iku ki he fuʻu leakage lolotonga ʻa e hala. Ko e ʻuhinga ʻeni ʻoku mahuʻinga ai ʻa e hauhau mo e maʻa lolotonga ʻa e fakatahaʻanga. Ko ha fakaʻilonga mahuʻinga ʻa e taʻelavameʻa ʻo e sivi voltage maʻolunga ʻoku tuhu ki ha vaivaiʻanga pau ʻi he palani pe founga ngaohi. Ko e fakamaau fakaʻosi ia pe ʻoku ola lelei moʻoni ʻa e insulation barrier.

Ngaahi Fehuʻi ʻOku Faʻa ʻEke Fekauʻaki mo e Sivi ʻo e Voltage Maʻolunga ʻo e LED Luminaires

ʻOku fakatuʻutamaki ki he tokotaha ngaue ʻa e sivi ʻo e voltage maʻolunga?

ʻIo, ko e sivi ʻo e voltage maʻolunga ʻoku kau ai ʻa e voltages ʻe ala fakatupu mate pea kuo pau ke fakahoko maʻu pe ia ʻe ha kau ngaue kuo akoʻi ʻo fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e ngaahi founga malu. ʻOku ʻikai totonu ke teitei ala ʻa e kau ngaue ki he tumuʻaki ʻo e probe pe ko e maama ʻoku fehokotaki lolotonga ha sivi. ʻOku faʻu ʻa e ngaahi sivi hipot ʻo onoponi mo ha ngaahi interlocks malu pea te nau tamateʻi ʻa e output he taimi pe ko ia kapau ʻoku ʻiloʻi ha fehalaaki, ka ʻoku matuʻaki mahuʻinga ʻaupito ʻa e talangofua pau ki he ngaahi founga malu, kau ai hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo e insulated probes mo tauhi ha vamamaʻo malu.

ʻE lava nai ʻe ha sivi voltage maʻolunga ʻo maumauʻi ha maama LED lelei?

ʻI he taimi ʻoku fakahoko totonu ai ʻo fakatatau ki he ngaahi tuʻunga moʻui pea ʻi he vahaʻa taimi ʻoku fakamahinoʻi, ʻoku ʻikai totonu ke maumauʻi ʻe ha sivi voltage maʻolunga ha maama naʻe fokotuʻutuʻu mo faʻu totonu. ʻOku fakataumuʻa ʻa e voltage sivi ke fakamamafaʻi ʻa e insulation kae ʻikai fakatupu ha maumau ki ai. Neongo ia, ʻe lava ke holoki ʻa e insulation ʻi ha vahaʻa taimi. Ko e ʻuhinga ʻeni ʻoku faʻa fai ai ʻa e ngaahi sivi ʻo e laine ngaohi ʻi ha voltage maʻolunga ange ʻi ha taimi nounou ange (e.g., sekoni ʻe 1) ke maʻu ʻa e tuʻunga tatau ʻo e falala kae ʻikai fakamafasiaʻi ʻa e koloa.

Ko e ha ʻa e faikehekehe ʻi he sivi ʻo e AC mo e DC hipot?

ʻE lava ke fakaʻaongaʻi fakatouʻosi ʻa e AC mo e DC voltages ki hono siviʻi ʻo e hipot. ʻOku angamaheni ʻaki hono siviʻi ʻo e AC ki he ngaahi maama ʻoku fakaʻaongaʻi ʻi he ongo polarities fakatouʻosi, ʻo tatau mo e ngaahi tuʻunga AC moʻoni. ʻOku faʻa fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e sivi ʻo e DC ki he capacitances maʻolunga ʻaupito, he ʻoku ʻikai ke ne tohoakiʻi ha fuʻu lahi ʻo e ʻuhila. ʻOku ʻikai tatau fakahangatonu ʻa e voltages ʻo e sivi; hange ko ʻeni, ʻoku faʻa tatau ʻa e sivi 1500V AC mo ha sivi 2121V DC. ʻE tuʻutuʻuni ʻe he tuʻunga pau ki he koloa ʻa e faʻahinga sivi mo e voltage ke fakaʻaongaʻi.