Ko e ʻuhinga ʻoku mahuʻinga ai ʻa e ngaahi tohi fakamoʻoni malu ʻa Siamane ʻi he maketi fakaemamani lahi

ʻOku ʻikai ngata pe ʻi he mahuʻinga ke mahino ʻa e tuʻunga ʻo e ngaahi tohi fakamoʻoni malu—ka ʻoku mahuʻinga ia ki he hu ki he maketi mo e falala ʻa e kau fakatau. ʻOku ʻiloa fuoloa ʻa Siamane ʻi he tuʻunga lelei mo e tuʻunga malu, pea ʻoku mahuʻinga ʻaupito ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻilonga fakamoʻoni ʻi hono ngaahi kauʻafonua. Ko e ua ʻo e ngaahi fakaʻilonga ʻiloa mo fakaʻapaʻapaʻi taha ko e fakaʻilonga GS mo e fakaʻilonga VDE. Neongo ʻoku faʻa lave fakataha kiate kinaua pea fakatou haʻu mei Siamane, ka ko ha ngaahi tohi fakamoʻoni kehekehe ia ʻoku kehekehe hono ʻuhinga, lahi mo e ngaahi makatuʻunga fakapuleʻanga. Ko e fakaʻilonga GS ko ha tohi fakamoʻoni malu fakalukufua ia ki ha ngaahi koloa kehekehe, lolotonga ia ko e fakaʻilonga VDE ʻoku fakatefito ange ia ki he ʻuhila, fakaʻilekitulonika, mo e ngaahi meʻa fekauʻaki mo ia. Ki he kau importers, exporters, mo e consumers, ko e ngaahi fakaʻilonga ko ʻeni ko ha fakaʻilonga malohi ia kuo siviʻi ha koloa ʻe ha faʻahi tauʻataina mo tuʻu ʻi ha tafaʻaki pea kuo ʻiloʻi ʻoku ne aʻusia ʻa e ngaahi fie maʻu fefeka ki he malu. ʻOku nau fakafofongaʻi ha tukupa ki he tuʻunga lelei mo e malu ʻa ia te ne lava ʻo fakafaikehekeheʻi ha koloa ʻi ha maketi femoʻuekina. ʻE fakamatalaʻi ʻe he fakahinohino ko ʻeni ʻa e ʻuhinga, tupuʻanga, mo e mahuʻinga ʻo e ngaahi tohi fakamoʻoni GS mo e VDE fakatouʻosi, ʻo tokoniʻi koe ke ke fononga ʻi he mamani faingataʻa ʻo e talangofua ki he koloa.

Ko e ha ʻa e tohi fakamoʻoni GS pea ko e ha ʻene ʻuhinga ki ha koloa?

Ko e fakaʻilonga GS, ʻa ia ʻoku ʻuhinga ki he "Geprüfte Sicherheit" (faka-Siamane ki he "Siviʻi Malu"), ko ha fakaʻilonga ia ʻo e fakamoʻoni malu ki Siamane. ʻOku ne fakaʻilongaʻi kuo siviʻi ha koloa ʻe ha sino tauʻataina mo fakamoʻoniʻi ʻo e fenapasi pea ʻoku ne aʻusia ʻa e ngaahi fie maʻu ʻa e Lao ki he Malu ʻo e Koloa ʻa Siamane (ProdSG) pea pehe ki he ngaahi tuʻunga moʻui ʻi ʻIulope pe fakavahaʻapuleʻanga. ʻOku mahuʻinga ke mahino ʻoku ʻikai ko ha fakaʻilonga pau ʻa e GS. Ko e fie maʻu pau ki he koloa ʻoku fakatau atu ʻi he ʻIunioni ʻa ʻIulope ko e fakaʻilonga CE, ʻa ia ko ha fakamatala pe ia ʻe he kautaha naʻa nau faʻu ia. Neongo ia, ko e fakaʻilonga GS ko ha faikehekehe malohi. Koeʻuhi ʻoku kau ai hono siviʻi ʻe ha faʻahi tauʻataina, ʻoku ne ʻomi ha tuʻunga maʻolunga ange ʻo e fakapapau mo e falala ʻi he fakaʻilonga CE. Ki he kau fakatau mo e kau fakatau fakapalofesinale ʻi Siamane mo ʻIulope, ko e fakaʻilonga GS ko ha fakaʻilonga ia ʻoku ʻiloa mo falalaʻanga ʻo e malu ʻo e koloa. ʻOku makatuʻunga ʻa e sivi ʻi he ngaahi tuʻunga moʻui ʻa ʻIulope (EN) pe, ʻi he ngaahi meʻa ʻe niʻihi, ngaahi tuʻunga fakangaueʻanga Siamane (DIN). ʻOku kau ʻi he founga ko ʻeni hano siviʻi fakaʻauliliki ʻo e tisaini, faʻu, mo e fakaʻilonga ʻo e koloa ke fakapapauʻi ʻoku ʻikai fakatuʻutamaki ki he tokotaha ʻoku ne fakaʻaongaʻi. ʻOku faʻa hoko foki ʻa e ngaahi sivi angamaheni ko ha konga ʻo e tohi fakamoʻoni ke fakapapauʻi ʻoku hokohoko atu ʻa e tuʻunga lelei ʻo e ngaohiʻanga. ʻOku ʻoange ʻe he koloa ʻoku fakaʻilongaʻi ʻa e GS ki he kau kasitomaa ʻa e falala kuo fakapapauʻi ʻe ha mataotao ʻa ʻene malu, ʻa ia ʻe lava ke hoko ko ha lelei feʻauʻauhi mahuʻinga, tautautefito ki he ngaahi koloa ʻoku malu ai ʻa e meʻa ʻoku tokanga taha ki ai, hange ko e ngaahi meʻangaue ʻuhila, naunau fale, naunau fale, pea mo e meʻangaue mama.

ʻOku kehe fefe ʻa e tohi fakamoʻoni GS mei he fakaʻilonga CE?

Ko e fekauʻaki ʻa e fakaʻilonga GS mo e fakaʻilonga CE ko ha puputuʻu angamaheni. Ko e fakaʻilonga CE ko ha fakaʻilonga pau ia ki he ngaahi koloa ʻoku fakatau atu ʻi he ʻElia Fakaʻekonomika ʻo ʻIulope. ʻI hono fakapipiki ʻo e fakaʻilonga CE, ʻoku fakahaaʻi ʻe ha kautaha naʻa nau ngaohi ʻa e koloa, ʻi honau fatongia pe ʻonautolu, ʻoku aʻusia ʻe heʻenau koloa ʻa e ngaahi fie maʻu mahuʻinga kotoa pe ʻo e ngaahi fakahinohino mo e ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni ʻi ʻIulope (e.g., ko e Low Voltage Directive ki he ngaahi meʻangaue fakaʻuhila). Ko ha founga ia ke fakahaaʻi pe ʻe ia, pea neongo kuo pau ke maʻu ʻe he kautaha naʻa nau ngaohi ʻa e ngaahi fakamatala fakatekinikale ke poupouʻi ʻaki ʻenau taukaveʻi, ʻoku ʻikai fie maʻu ia ke kau ai ha sivi tauʻataina ʻa e faʻahi hono tolu. Ko e fakaʻilonga GS, ʻi he tafaʻaki ʻe taha, ko ha fakaʻilonga tauʻataina ia. ʻOku makatuʻunga ia ʻi he lao fakafonua ʻo Siamane (ko e Product Safety Act) pea ko e meʻa mahuʻinga taha, ʻoku fie maʻu ke fakamoʻoniʻi ʻe ha kautaha sivi tauʻataina (hange ko e TÜV, VDE, pe Dekra). Ko e fakafaikehekeheʻi mahuʻinga ʻeni ʻo e faʻahi hono tolu. ʻOku ʻomi ʻe he fakaʻilonga GS ha fakapapauʻi makehe ʻoku mahulu atu ia ʻi he fakamatala ʻa e kautaha naʻa nau faʻu ʻa e meʻa naʻa nau faʻu. ʻOku ne tala ki he kasitomaa, "ʻOku ʻikai ngata pe ʻi he feau ʻe he koloa ko ʻeni ʻa e ngaahi fie maʻu fakalao (CE), ka kuo fakapapauʻi foki ʻene malu ʻe ha mataotao tauʻataina (GS)." Ko ia ai, ki he ngaahi koloa lahi, ʻe lava ke fakatou maʻu ʻe ha kautaha faʻu koloa ha fakaʻilonga CE (ki he hu fakalao ki he maketi) mo ha fakaʻilonga GS (ke fakaleleiʻi ʻa e falalaʻanga ʻo e maketi mo e falala ʻa e kau fakatau). ʻOku faʻa lau ʻa e fakaʻilonga GS ko e tohi fakamoʻoni malu ʻi Siamane, ʻo langa ʻi he fakavaʻe ʻo e ngaahi fie maʻu CE.

Ko e ha ʻa e tohi fakamoʻoni VDE pea ko e ha ʻoku ne fakafofongaʻi?

ʻOku maʻu ʻa e fakaʻilonga VDE mei he VDE Testing and Certification Institute (VDE Prüf- und Zertifizierungsinstitut), ʻa ia ʻoku tuʻu ʻi Offenbach, Siamane. ʻOku fengaueʻaki ʻa e ʻinisititiuti ko ʻeni mo e German Association for Electrical, Electronic and Information Technologies (VDE), ko ha kautaha naʻe fokotuʻu ʻi he 1893. Ko e VDE Institute ko e taha ia ʻo e ngaahi kautaha sivi mo fakamoʻoniʻi ʻiloa taha ki he ngaahi koloa fakaʻuhila ʻi he mamani. Naʻe fokotuʻu ia ʻi he 1920, pea ʻoku ngaue ia ko ha kautaha tauʻataina mo tauʻataina. Ko hono tefitoʻi ngaue ke siviʻi mo fakamoʻoniʻi ʻa e ngaahi koloa fakaʻuhila, ngaahi kongokonga mo e ngaahi polokalama ki he malu, fenapasi ʻo e electromagnetic (EMC), pea mo e ngaahi ʻulungaanga kehe hange ko e ivi lelei mo e maluʻi fakaʻilekitulonika. Ko e fakaʻilonga VDE ko ha fakamoʻoni ia kuo ʻosi siviʻi ha koloa ʻe he ʻinisititiuti tauʻataina ko ʻeni pea ʻoku fenapasi mo e ngaahi tuʻunga malu ʻoku kaunga ki ai. ʻE lava ke hoko ʻa e ngaahi tuʻunga moʻui ko ʻeni ko e ngaahi tuʻunga fakafonua faka-Siamane VDE, ngaahi tuʻunga ʻIulope EN, pe ngaahi tuʻunga fakavahaʻapuleʻanga IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission). ʻOku lahi ʻaupito ʻa e tohi fakamoʻoni ʻa e VDE, ʻoku ne ʻufiʻufi ʻa e meʻa kotoa pe mei he plugs mo e keipolo, capacitors mo e transformers, ki he ngaahi meʻangaue fakaʻapi, ngaahi meʻangaue fakafaitoʻo, mo e ngaahi misini ngaue. Hange ko ʻeni, ʻoku ʻomi ʻe ha fakaʻuli kuo fakamoʻoniʻi ʻe he VDE ha loto falala lahi ki hono tuʻunga lelei mo e malu. ʻI he ngaahi fonua lahi ʻi he mamani, tautautefito ki he ngaahi feituʻu ʻo ʻEsia mo e Hahake Lotoloto, ʻoku faʻa ʻiloa mo ʻiloa ange ʻa e fakaʻilonga fakamoʻoni VDE ʻi he ngaahi fakaʻilonga tohi fakamoʻoni fakalotofonua ʻo e ngaahi fonua ko ia. ʻOku fakamahuʻingaʻi lahi ia ʻe he importers, exporters, mo e specifiers ʻa ia ʻoku nau lau ia ko ha fakaʻilonga fakamamani lahi ʻo e tuʻunga lelei taʻefakangatangata mo e talangofua ki he ngaahi tuʻunga fakatekinikale maʻolunga taha.

Ko e ha ʻa e faikehekehe mo e fekauʻaki ʻa e tohi fakamoʻoni GS mo e VDE?

Neongo ʻoku fakatou haʻu ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻilonga GS mo e VDE mei Siamane pea ʻoku fakatou fakaʻilongaʻi ʻa e malu, ka ko e ngaahi fakaʻilonga kehekehe kinaua ʻoku kehekehe ʻa e ngaahi meʻa ʻoku hoko, pea ʻe lava pea ʻoku faʻa maʻu fakataha kinaua. Ko e fakaʻilonga GS ko ha fakaʻilonga malu fakalukufua ia ki ha koloa kuo ʻosi. Ke maʻu ʻe ha maama LED ʻa e fakaʻilonga GS, ʻe fie maʻu ke siviʻi ia ʻe ha sino kuo fakamoʻoniʻi (ʻa ia ʻe lava ke hoko ko e VDE, TÜV, etc.) ʻo fakatatau ki he ngaahi tuʻunga malu ʻo e koloa. Ko e fakaʻilonga VDE, ʻi he tuʻunga ko ʻeni, ko ha fakaʻilonga fakamoʻoni pau ia naʻe foaki ʻe he ʻInisititiuti VDE. ʻE lava ke fakamoʻoniʻi fakahangatonu ha koloa ʻaki ʻa e fakaʻilonga VDE, ʻa ia ʻoku ne fakapapauʻi ʻa e talangofua ki he ngaahi tuʻunga moʻui mahuʻinga pea ʻoku ʻiloʻi ko ha fakaʻilonga ʻo e malu mo e tuʻunga lelei. ʻIkai ngata ai, koeʻuhi ko e VDE Institute ko ha kautaha fakamoʻoni ia ki he fakaʻilonga GS, te nau lava ʻo fakamoʻoniʻi ha koloa ki he ongo fakaʻilonga fakatouʻosi ʻi he taimi tatau. ʻI he tuʻunga pehee, ʻe lava ke fakatou maʻu ʻe ha koloa ʻa e fakaʻilonga VDE mo e GS, ʻo fakahaaʻi ai kuo ʻosi siviʻi mo fakamoʻoniʻi ʻe he ʻInisititiuti VDE pea ʻoku ne fakakakato ʻa e ngaahi fie maʻu ki he fakaʻilonga GS. Ko hono fakatahaʻi ko ʻeni ko ha poupou malohi ʻaupito. ʻOku ne fakaha ki he kasitomaa kuo ʻosi siviʻi ʻa e koloa ʻe he taha ʻo e ngaahi fale sivi fakaʻuhila tauʻataina tuʻukimuʻa ʻi mamani (VDE) pea kuo fakamoʻoniʻi ʻene malu ʻo fakatatau ki he polokalama GS fefeka ʻa Siamane. Ki he ngaahi koloa fakaʻuhila mahuʻinga maʻolunga pe mahuʻinga ki he malu, ʻoku faʻa lau ʻa e tohi fakamoʻoni ko ʻeni ko e tuʻunga koula ia ki hono fakahaaʻi ʻo e tuʻunga lelei mo e malu ki he kau fakatau ʻiloʻilo taha ʻi ʻIulope mo fakalaka atu.

Ko e ha ʻoku mahuʻinga ai ʻa e ngaahi tohi fakamoʻoni GS mo e VDE ki he ngaahi koloa ʻo e maama LED?

Ki ha kautaha naʻa nau ngaohi ʻa e maama LED, hange ko e OAK LED, ʻoku ʻikai ko ha ngaue fakapuleʻanga pe hono maʻu ʻo e tohi fakamoʻoni GS mo e/pe VDE ki he ngaahi koloa pe ko honau ngaahi konga mahuʻinga (hange ko e fakaʻuli). Ko ha tuʻutuʻuni fakapisinisi ia ʻoku lahi hono ngaahi lelei. ʻUluaki mo mahuʻinga taha, ko ha meʻangaue fakamaketi mo fakatau malohi ia. ʻI he maketi Siamane mo ʻIulope fakalukufua, ʻoku tokolahi ʻa e kau fakatau fakapalofesinale, kau ai ʻa e kau wholesalers ʻuhila, kau aleapau, mo e specifiers, te nau fekumi longomoʻui ki he ngaahi fakaʻilonga GS pe VDE. Kiate kinautolu, ko e ngaahi fakaʻilonga ko ʻeni ko ha hala tuʻusi ia ki he tuʻunga lelei. ʻOku nau fakasiʻisiʻi ʻa e fie maʻu ke fai ha sivi lahi mo ʻomi ha loto falala ʻoku malu mo falalaʻanga ʻa e koloa. ʻE lava ke maʻu ʻe ha koloa ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻilonga ko ʻeni ha totongi maʻolunga pea faingofua ange ʻa e hu ki he ngaahi ngaue, tautautefito ki he ngaahi tender fakapuleʻanga pe ngaahi fale fakakomesiale lalahi ʻoku fefeka ai ʻa e ngaahi fie maʻu ki he malu. Ua, ʻoku ne fakasiʻisiʻi ʻaupito ʻa e tuʻunga fakatuʻutamaki ʻo e moʻ ʻI hono siviʻi mo fakamoʻoniʻi ha koloa ʻe ha faʻahi tauʻataina hono tolu, ʻe lava ke fakahaaʻi ʻe ha kautaha naʻa nau faʻu ʻa e ngaue totonu ke fakapapauʻi ʻoku malu. ʻE lava ke mahuʻinga ʻeni ʻi he taimi ʻoku ʻi ai ha taukaveʻi ʻo e koloa. Tolu, ʻoku ne fakafaingofuaʻi ʻa e hu ki he maketi. Neongo ʻoku tauʻataina pe ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻilonga, ka ʻoku meimei fakapapauʻi ʻe aʻusia ʻe he koloa ʻa e ngaahi fie maʻu ʻa e CE. ʻOku tokoni ʻa e founga sivi ke ʻiloʻi mo fakatonutonu vave ʻa e ngaahi fehalaaki ʻi he fokotuʻutuʻu, ʻo iku ki ha koloa lelei mo malu ange fakalukufua. Ki ha kautaha hange ko e OAK LED, ko e ʻinivesi ʻi he ngaahi tohi fakamoʻoni tuʻukimuʻa ko ʻeni ko ha fakaʻaliʻali mahino ia ʻo ha tukupa ki he tuʻunga lelei, malu mo e falalaʻanga taimi loloa, langa hake ʻa e falala mo e kau kasitomaa ʻi ha maketi fakaemamani lahi feʻauʻauhi.

Ngaahi Fehuʻi ʻOku Faʻa ʻEke Fekauʻaki mo e Tohi Fakamoʻoni ʻa e GS mo e VDE

ʻOku fie maʻu ʻa e tohi fakamoʻoni GS ki hono fakatau atu ʻo e koloa ʻi Siamane?

ʻIkai, ko e tohi fakamoʻoni GS ʻoku tauʻataina. Ko e fie maʻu pau ki hono fakatau atu ʻo e lahi taha ʻo e ngaahi koloa ʻi Siamane mo e EU ko e fakaʻilonga CE, ʻa ia ko ha fakamatala pe ia ʻa e kautaha naʻa nau faʻu ia. Neongo ia, ʻoku ʻomi ʻe he fakaʻilonga GS ha fakapapauʻi tauʻataina ʻo e malu pea ʻoku fakamahuʻingaʻi lahi ia ʻe he kau fakatau mo e kau fakatau fakapalofesinale ko ha fakaʻilonga ʻo e tuʻunga lelei mo e falala.

Ko e ha ʻa e faikehekehe ʻi he tohi fakamoʻoni VDE mo e TÜV?

Ko e VDE mo e TÜV (Technischer Überwachungsverein) ko ha ongo kautaha tauʻataina mo fakamoʻoni ʻi Siamane. Ko e ngaahi feʻauʻauhi kinautolu ʻoku nau ʻoatu ʻa e ngaahi ngaue tatau. ʻOku ʻiloa ʻa e VDE ʻi heʻene taukei ʻi he ʻuhila, fakaʻilekitulonika, mo e ngaahi tekinolosia ʻo e fakamatala, lolotonga ia ʻoku lahi ange ʻa e ngaahi kautaha TÜV (hange ko e TÜV Rheinland, TÜV SÜD) ʻoku lahi ange ʻa e ngaahi sekitoa ngaue. ʻE lava ke na fakatou fakamoʻoniʻi ʻa e ngaahi koloa ki he fakaʻilonga GS. ʻOku faʻa makatuʻunga ʻa e fili ʻi he faʻahinga koloa pau mo e saiʻia ʻa e kautaha naʻa nau faʻu.

Ko e ha hono fuoloa ʻo e ʻaonga ʻo e tohi fakamoʻoni VDE?

ʻOku ʻikai taʻefakangatangata ʻa e ʻaonga ʻo ha tohi fakamoʻoni VDE. ʻOku faʻa ʻaonga ia ʻi ha vahaʻataimi, ʻo faʻa aʻu ki he taʻu ʻe 3 pe 5, ka ʻoku makatuʻunga ʻeni ʻi he founga fakamoʻoni pau mo e faʻahinga koloa. Ko e meʻa mahuʻinga taha, ko hono tauhi ʻo e tohi fakamoʻoni ʻoku fie maʻu ke fai maʻu pe ʻa e ngaahi ʻaotita mo e sivi ʻo e fale ngaue ke fakapapauʻi ʻoku hokohoko atu hono ngaohi ʻo aʻusia ʻa e ngaahi tuʻunga kuo fakamoʻoniʻi. Kapau ʻe liliu lahi ʻa e koloa pe founga hono ngaohi, mahalo ʻe fie maʻu ke toe vakaiʻi ʻa e tohi fakamoʻoni.