He aha te LED PWM Dimming me te aha i tino whakamahia ai?
PWM dimming, poto mō te Pulse Width Modulation dimming, kua noho hei hangarau kaha, matua hoki i te ao o te tīramarama LED, otirā i roto i ngā hua atekōkiri LED me ngā hua puna hiko. I tōna uho, he tikanga whakahaere i te tīahoaho o tētahi LED mā te whakawhiti tere i te rama. Kāore i te rite ki te hina tairitenga tūturu, e whakaiti ana i te tīahoaho mā te whakaheke tonu i te rere o nāianei i roto i te LED, ka whakamahia e te PWM dimming tētahi tohu mamati kia taea ai te pānga ōrite. Ko tēnei rerekētanga taketake ka hoatu ki a PWM ētahi painga nui, koia te tikanga e manakohia ana mō ngā taupānga maha, mai i te tīramarama hoahoa me ngā taputapu atamira ki ngā pūrama kiritaki me te whakaatu i te rama whakamuri. He ngāwari noa iho te kaupapa, engari ko tōna whakatinanatanga he tūpato i te whārite o ngā hiko me te whakaaro tangata kia taea ai te hina māeneene, te kōpuro-kore, me te tae ōrite. He mea nui te mārama ki te mahi a PWM, ōna kaha, me ōna drawbacks tūpono mō te tangata e pā ana ki te whakapūtā, te hoahoa, te tāuta rānei i ngā pūnaha rama LED tino kounga.
He pēhea te mahi a te PWM dimming i te taumata ara iahiko?
He huatau, he ngāwari hoki te mātāpono taketake o te hina PWM i roto i tētahi ara iahiko LED māmā. Whakaarohia he ara iahiko ngāwari e whai ana i tētahi pūtake taimau, he aho LED, me tētahi transistor MOS (he momo whakakā hiko). Ka tūhono te pūtake taimau o nāianei ki te pito (taha tōrunga) o te aho LED, kia whiwhi ai ngā LED i tētahi au pūmau, pū hoki. Ka tūhono te cathode (taha tōraro) o te aho LED ki te wai o te transistor MOS, ā, ka tūhono te pūtake o te transistor ki te whenua. Ko te kuwaha o te transistor MOS te pūwāhi mana. Ka hoatu he tohu PWM, he ngaru tapawhā mamati, ki tēnei kēti. Ka whiriwhiri tēnei ngaru tapawhā i waenga i te ngaohiko tiketike (hei tauira, 5V) me te ngaohiko iti (0V). Ina teitei te tohu PWM, ka whakakāngia te transistor MOS, ka whakaoti i te ara iahiko me te tuku i te au taimau kia rere i roto i ngā LED, e mārama ana i te tīahoaho katoa. Ina iti te tohu PWM, ka "whakaweto" te transistor, ka whati i te ara iahiko, ā, ka whakaweto katoa ngā LED. Mā te tere o te huri i te transistor i te auau tiketike rawa kia kitea e te whatu tangata, te āhua nei kei te mārama tonu ngā LED, engari i te tīahoaho toharite e whakatauria ana e te ōwehenga o te wā "kā" ki te wā "weto". E mōhiotia ana tēnei ōwehenga ko te huringa mahi. Ko te tikanga o te huringa mahi 100% kei te kā tonu te rama, i te tīahoaho katoa. Ko te tikanga o te huringa mahi 50% kei te haurua te wā, ā, kei te haurua te wā, ka hua te tīahoaho o te 50%.
He aha ngā painga matua o te PWM Dimming mō ngā LED?
Kua rongonui te hina PWM nā te huinga painga māia e whakatau hāngai ana i ngā whāititanga o ētahi atu tikanga dimming. Ko te painga tuatahi, tino rongonui hoki ko tōna kaha ki te pupuri i te ōritetanga tae pū puta noa i te awhe hina katoa. Mā te hina tairitenga, mā te whakaiti i te au ki tētahi LED ka neke te pāmahana tae. Hei tauira, ka āhua kākāriki, māwhero rānei te LED mā i ngā au o raro. Ka karohia tēnei e PWM nā te mea kei te whakahaere tonu te LED i tōna hoahoa o nāianei ina kā ana. Ahakoa kua hina te rama ki te 10%, 90% rānei, kei te kī tonu ngā mokowhiti "on". Mā tēnei ka noho ko PWM anake te kōwhiringa whai hua mō ngā taupānga e tino nui ana te kounga tae, pēnei i te rama whare taonga, te whakanao kiriata me te pouaka whakaata, me ngā tāutanga hoahoa tiketike. Ko te painga nui tuarua ko tōna tika hina me te awhe whānui ka taea te whakarite. Nā te mea e whakawhirinaki ana a PWM ki te wā mamati pū, ka taea e ia te whakahaere tino pai i runga i te huringa mahi, e āhei ai te hina māeneene mai i te 100% ki raro ki te 0.1%, iti iho rānei. He uaua te whakatutuki i tēnei taumata tōtika ki ngā aratuka tairitenga. Kātahi anō, ina whakatinanatia me te auau tiketike rawa (i runga ake i te 200 Hz), ka tino kore e kitea e te whatu tangata.
He aha te PWM dimming e ārai ai i te neke tae i roto i ngā LED?
Ko te tītohunga o te neke tae i roto i ngā LED i raro i ngā au rerekē he āhuatanga rongonui o te ahupūngao semiconductor. He iti noa iho te whakawhirinaki o te roangaru o te mārama i whakaputaina e tētahi maramara LED ki te kiato o nāianei e rere ana i roto. I a koe e whakaheke ana i te au i roto i tētahi pūnaha hina tairitenga, ka taea te neke te roangaru kaha, ka puta he huringa i te tae e kitea ana. E tino kitea ana tēnei i roto i ngā LED mā, arā, he maramara kikorangi me te koti phosphor. Ka pāngia hoki te kaha o te rama kikorangi e whakamīharo ana i te kaha o te rama kikorangi. Ka ārai ātaahua te hina o PWM i tēnei take katoa. Kāore rawa e huri i te onāianei. Nō reira, i ia mokowhiti "kā", kei te mahi te LED i raro i ōna here hoahoa tūturu, e whakaputa ana i te mārama i tōna pāmahana tae pūmau. Ka whakakotahi te whatu me te roro tangata i ēnei mokowhiti tere o te mārama tae taimau, e kite ana i tētahi tae ōrite ahakoa te taumata rehurehu. Koinei te take nui i noho ai a PWM hei paerewa koura mō te pupuri i te pono tae i roto i ngā pūnaha tīramarama LED ka taea te whakarerekē. Ka wetewete i te mana o te tīahoaho mai i te ahupūngao o te maramara LED, e tuku ana i te mana ki tētahi matawā mamati pū.
He aha ngā hē me ngā uauatanga o te hina PWM?
Ahakoa ōna painga maha, kāore te hina PWM i te kore ōna uauatanga me ngā hēnga tūpono, me āta whakatau ngā kaipūkaha i roto i ā rātou hoahoa. Ko te take tino pūnoa ko te turituri rongo. Mā te whakawhiti tere o nāianei mā te atekōkiri LED me ngā LED anō ka wiriwiri ētahi mōtete. He tino pono tēnei mō ngā pūkaha uku, e whakamahia nuitia ana i te wāhanga huaputa o ngā atekōkiri LED nā te iti o te rahi me ngā āhuatanga hiko pai. I te nuinga o te wā ka hangaia ngā pūkaha uku mai i ngā rauemi whai āhuatanga piezoelectric, ko te tikanga he iti noa iho te whakarerekē ina hoatu he ngaohiko. Ina pā ki te mokowhiti 200 Hz PWM, ka taea e ēnei pūkaha te wiriwiri i taua auautanga. Ka pōrearea pea tēnei i tētahi taiao mārire pēnei i te rūma moe, i te whare pukapuka rānei. Ko tētahi atu wero e pā ana ki te kōwhiringa auau PWM. Mēnā he iti rawa te auau (i raro iho i te 100 Hz), ka kitea e te whatu tangata te kōpuro, ā, ka pā pea ki ngā take hauora pēnei i te ānini me te uaua o te whatu. Mēnā he tiketike rawa te auautanga (i runga ake i te 20 kHz), ka taea te mawhiti i te awhe o te rongo tangata, te whakaoti i te raruraru turituri, engari ka whakamōhiotia ngā matatini hōu. I ngā auau tiketike rawa, ka taea e ngā pūkaha pirinoa me ngā āheinga i roto i te ara iahiko te whakakino i ngā tapa koi o te ngaru tapawhā PWM, nā reira ka kōaro ngā tauwhiro kā/weto me te whakaiti i te tika o te rehu. He wāhi reka e kitea ana, ā, me āta pūkaha.
Me pēhea e taea ai te whakaoti i te raruraru turituri rongo i roto i te hina PWM?
Kua hangaia e ngā kaipūkaha ētahi rautaki pai hei whawhai i te turituri rongo e pā ana ki te hina PWM. Ko te tikanga tino hāngai ko te whakanui ake i te auau whakawhiti PWM ki runga ake i te 20 kHz, e whakaarotia ana ko te tepe o runga o te rongo tangata. Mā te mahi i te 25 kHz, teitei ake rānei, ka noho te turituri wiriwiri hei ultrasonic, ā, kāore e rangona e te tangata. Heoi anō, e ai ki te kōrero, me nui ake te hoahoa ara iahiko hei whakahaere i ngā pānga pirinoa me te pupuri i te taparenga tohu, e whakanui ake ai i te utu me te matatinitanga o te atekōkiri. Ko te tikanga tuarua, ā, i te nuinga o te wā, ko te whakatau hāngai i te pūtake o te turituri: ko ngā wae anō. Ko te tino hara ko ngā pūkaha huaputa uku. Ko tētahi rongoā noa iho ko te whakakapi i ēnei pūkaha uku ki ngā pūkaha tantalum. Kāore ngā pūkaha tantalum e whakaatu i te pānga piezoelectric ōrite, ā, he mārire ake. Heoi anō, kei tēnei rongoā ōna ake mahi. He uaua ake te pūtake o ngā pūkaha tantalum ngaohiko tiketike, ka nui ake te utu i ō rātou hoa uku, ā, he rerekē ngā āhuatanga hiko me pūkete i roto i te hoahoa. Nō reira, ko te kōwhiringa i waenganui i te auau whakawhiti teitei ake me ngā wae utu nui ake, he auau iti iho rānei me ngā wae mārire ake, he whakataunga pūkaha matua e pā ana ki te utu, te rahi, me te mahinga o te hua whakamutunga. Ko ētahi atekōkiri mutunga tiketike e whakakotahi ana i ngā huarahi e rua, mā te whakamahi i tētahi āta tīpakohia, auau tiketike me te kounga tiketike, ngā wae turituri iti hei whakatutuki i te ngū, te piu-kore, me te tino tika o te rehurehu.
He aha te auautanga PWM tino pai mō te hina LED?
He mahi whakatautika te tīpakonga o te auau PWM tino pai mō te hina LED, ā, kāore he tau "tika" kotahi mō ngā taupānga katoa. Heoi anō, he tohutohu mārama i runga anō i ngā hiahia o te pūnaha arokite tangata me ngā whāititanga o ngā hiko. Ko te auau mōkito rawa hei karo i te kōpura kitea e whakaarotia ana ko te 100 Hz, engari he mōkito noa iho tēnei, ā, ka kitea tonutia e ngā tangata tairongo, i te kitenga tawhiti. Ko tētahi kōwhiringa haumaru ake, pūnoa ake hoki mō te tīramarama whānui ko te 200 Hz ki te 500 Hz. He teitei rawa tēnei awhe hei whakakore i te kōpura ari mō te nuinga o ngā tāngata, ā, he iti rawa, kāore e whakaurua ngā take taparenga tohu nui, ngā ngaronga whakawhiti nui rānei i roto i te atekōkiri. Mō ngā taupānga he āwangawanga matua te turituri, pēnei i ngā tautuhinga kāinga, studio rānei, ka panaia te auau ki runga ake i te 20 kHz ki te awhe ultrasonic. Ka whakamahia ngā auautanga pēnei i te 25 kHz, 30 kHz, teitei ake rānei. Heoi anō, me tautohe te kaihoahoa ki te nui ake o ngā uauatanga o te whakararuraru ā-hiko (EMI) me te hiahia kia nui ake te ara iahiko atekōkiri kēti kia mau tonu ai ngā tapa whakawhiti mā, tere hoki. Hei whakarāpopototanga, ko te auautanga tino pai e whakatauria ana e ngā manakē o te taupānga: 200-500 Hz mō te whārite pai o te ngāwari me te mahinga, me te >20 kHz mō te mahi ngū i roto i ngā taiao tairongo turituri.
Ngā Painga me ngā Hēnga o te Hina PWM
Ko te ripanga e whai ake nei e whakarāpopoto ana i ngā painga me ngā kino matua o te hangarau hina PWM mō ngā LED.
| Aronga | Ngā painga | Ngā Hēnga / Wero |
|---|---|---|
| Ōritetanga Tae | Anō te pai. Kāore he neke tae puta noa i te awhe hina nā te mea ka mahi tonu ngā LED i te wā katoa i te wā e kā ana. | N/A |
| Awhe Hina me te Tika | He tino whānui (100% ki te 0.1%) me te tino pū nā te mana mamati o te huringa mahi. | I ngā auau tiketike rawa, ka taea e te whakahaweatanga tohu te whakaiti i te tika. |
| Kitenga Kōpura | Ka taea te kore e kitea mā te whakamahi i te auau i runga ake i te 100 Hz (ko te tino pai 200 Hz +). | Nā ngā auau iti (<100 Hz) ka kitea me te hākinakina. |
| Turituri Rongo | N/A | Ka taea te whakawiriwiri i ngā wae (esp. ngā pūkaha uku), e whakaputa ana i te haruru rongo i roto i te awhe 200 Hz – 20 kHz. |
| Maina kaikā | Tiketike. Kei te kā katoa, kei te weto rānei ngā LED, e whakaiti ana i ngā ngaronga i roto i te atekōkiri. | Ka taea e ngā auau whakawhiti tiketike rawa te whakauru atu i ngā ngaronga whakawhiti iti. |
| Matatini Arawhiti | He ngāwari te ariā, ā, ka whakatinanatia whānuitia. | E hiahiatia ana e ngā hoahoa auau-tiketike te tahora PCB tūpato hei whakahaere i ngā pirinoa me te EMI. |
I te mutunga, ko te dimming PWM he hangarau kaha, pūkenga hoki kua noho hei paerewa mō te mana tīramarama LED tino kounga. Ko tōna kaha ki te whakarato i te hina pū, whānui me te kore whakararuraru i te ōritetanga o te tae, kāore i te ōrite ki ngā tikanga tairitenga. Ahakoa kei te tīariari ngā uauatanga pēnei i te turituri rongo me te hiahia tīpakonga auau tūpato, e mārama ana, ā, ka taea te whakahaere tika mā te pūkaha whakaaro. Ko te hua he rongoā hina e tuku ana i tētahi wheako kaiwhakamahi tiketike, nā reira ko te kōwhiringa pai mō ngā taupānga tīramarama maha.
Ngā Pātai Auau mō te Hina LED PWM
He kino te hina o te PWM mō ō whatu?
Ehara i te mea kino noa iho te hina PWM. Ko te kaha o te uaua o te whatu i ahu mai i te kōpura auau iti (i raro iho i te 100 Hz). Ko te hina PWM kounga tiketike i whakatinanatia i ngā auau o te 200 Hz neke atu rānei, e kore e kitea, ā, i te nuinga o te wā e whakaarotia ana he haumaru, he hāneanea hoki. Kimihia ngā LED "kore-kōpuro" i ngā wā katoa, e tohu ana i te auau PWM tiketike, i te whakamahinga rānei o ētahi atu hangarau kore-kōpura.
Ka taea te hina i ngā pūrama LED katoa ki te PWM?
Kāo, kāore ngā pūrama LED katoa i te rehurehu. Me hoko koe i ngā pūrama kua tapaina motuhake hei "dimmable." Waihoki, kia tika ai te mahi o te hina PWM, me hoahoa te atekōkiri ā-roto o te pūrama kia whakaae me te urupare ki tētahi tohu PWM. Mā te whakamahi i tētahi LED kāore e taea te dimmable i runga i tētahi ara iahiko PWM ka puta pea te kōpuro, te kōruru, me te tūkino pea ki te pūrama, ki te hina rānei.
Me pēhea taku mōhio mēnā kei te whakamahi taku dimmer LED i te PWM?
Ka taea e tētahi whakamātautau ngāwari mā tētahi kāmera waea atamai te whakaatu i te hina PWM. Tautuhia tō kāmera waea ki te aratau "nekeneke pōturi", ki te aratau "pro" rānei me te tere marumaru tere, ā, ka tohu atu ki te rama rehurehu. Mēnā ka kite koe i ngā here pōuri, kōpura rānei i runga i te mata, tērā pea kei te hina te rama ki te PWM. Nā te mea ka hopukina e te marumaru takahuri o te kāmera ngā huringa tere kā/weto kāore e taea e tō whatu te kite.
