He aha te LED PWM Dimming me te aha i tino whakamahia ai?
Kua noho te hina PWM, he poto mō te Pulse Width Modulation dimming, hei hangarau kaha, matua hoki i te ao o te tīramarama LED, otirā i roto i ngā hua atekōkiri LED me ngā hua whakarato hiko. I tōna uho, he tikanga whakahaere i te tīahoaho o tētahi LED mā te whakakā tere i te rama. Kāore i te rite ki te hina tairitenga tūturu, e whakaiti ana i te tīahoaho mā te whakaheke tonu i te rere o nāianei i roto i te LED, ka whakamahia e te hina PWM tētahi tohu mamati kia taea ai te pānga ōrite. Mā tēnei rerekētanga nui e hoatu ai ki a PWM ētahi painga nui, koia te tikanga e manakohia ana mō ngā taupānga maha, mai i ngā rama hoahoa me ngā taputapu atamira ki ngā pūrama kiritaki me te whakaaturanga whakamuri. He ngāwari noa iho te mātāpono, engari ko tōna whakatinanatanga he whārite tūpato o ngā hiko me te whakaaro tangata kia taea ai te māeneene te rehurehu, te kōpura kore, me te rehu tae. Ko te mārama ki te mahi a PWM, ōna kaha, me ōna hēnga tūpono, he mea nui mō ngā tāngata katoa e pā ana ki te whakapūtā, ki te hoahoa, ki te tāuta rānei i ngā pūnaha rama LED kounga tiketike.
He pēhea te mahi a te PWM Dimming i te taumata ara iahiko?
He huatau, he ngāwari hoki te mātāpono taketake o te hina PWM i roto i tētahi ara iahiko LED māmā. Whakaarohia tētahi ara iahiko ngāwari, he pūtake o nāianei taimau, he aho LED, me tētahi transistor MOS (he momo whakakā hiko). Ka tūhonotia te pūtake taimau o nāianei ki te pito (taha tōrunga) o te aho LED, me te whakarite kia katia te ara iahiko, ka whiwhi ngā LED i tētahi au pūmau, pū hoki. Ka honoa te cathode (taha tōraro) o te aho LED ki te rere o te transistor MOS, ā, ka tūhono te pūtake o te transistor ki te whenua. Ko te kuwaha o te transistor MOS te pūwāhi mana. Ka hoatu tētahi tohu PWM, he ngaru tapawhā mamati, ki tēnei kēti. Ka whiriwhiri tēnei ngaru tapawhā i waenga i te ngaohiko tiketike (hei tauira, 5V) me te ngaohiko iti (0V). Ina tiketike te tohu PWM, ka whakakāngia te transistor MOS, ka whakaoti i te ara iahiko me te tuku i te au auau kia rere i roto i ngā LED, e mārama ana i te tīahoaho katoa. Ina iti te tohu PWM, ka "weto" te transistor, ka whati i te ara iahiko, ka whakaweto katoa ngā LED. Mā te tere o te pahikara i te transistor i te auau tiketike rawa kia kitea e te whatu tangata, te āhua nei kei te mārama tonu ngā LED, engari i te tīahoaho toharite e whakatauria ana e te ōwehenga o te wā "kā" ki te wā "weto". E mōhiotia ana tēnei ōwehenga ko te huringa mahi. Ko te tikanga o te huringa mahi 100% kei te kā tonu te rama, i te tīahoaho katoa. Ko te tikanga o te huringa mahi 50% kei runga i te haurua o te wā, ā, ko te hawhe o te wā, ko te hua o te tīahoaho o te 50%.
He aha ngā painga matua o te PWM Dimming mō ngā LED?
Kua rongonui te hina PWM nā tētahi huinga painga māia e whakatau hāngai ana i ngā whāititanga o ētahi atu tikanga dimming. Ko te painga tuatahi, ko te tino rongonui ko tōna kaha ki te pupuri i te ōritetanga tae pū puta noa i te awhe hina katoa. Mā te hina tairitenga, mā te whakaiti i te au ki tētahi LED ka neke pea tōna pāmahana tae. Hei tauira, ka āhua kākāriki, māwhero rānei te hākano o te LED mā i ngā au o raro. Ka karohia katoatia tēnei e PWM nā te mea ka whakahaeretia te LED i ngā wā katoa i tōna hoahoa o nāianei ina kā ana. Ahakoa kua hina te rama ki te 10%, ki te 90% rānei, kei te tika tonu ngā mokowhiti "kā", me te whakarite kia noho pūmau tonu te pāmahana tae me te chromaticity. Mā tēnei ka noho ko PWM anake te kōwhiringa whai hua mō ngā taupānga e tino nui ana te kounga tae, pēnei i te tīramarama whare taonga, te whakanao kiriata me te pouaka whakaata, me ngā tāutanga hoahoa tiketike. Ko te painga nui tuarua ko tōna tino tika me te whānui o te awhe ka taea te whakarite. Nā te mea e whakawhirinaki ana te PWM ki te wā mamati pū, ka taea e ia te whakahaere tino pai i te huringa mahi, e āhei ai te hina māeneene mai i te 100% ki raro ki te 0.1%, iti iho rānei. He uaua te whakatutuki i tēnei taumata tika ki ngā tikanga tairitenga. Kātahi anō, ina whakatinanatia me te auau tiketike rawa (i runga ake i te 200 Hz), ka tino kore kitea e te whatu tangata, nā reira ka puta he wheako kore-kōpura e ārai ana i te uaua o te whatu me te ngenge.
He aha te PWM Dimming e ārai ai i te neke tae i roto i ngā LED?
Ko te tītohunga o te neke tae i roto i ngā LED i raro i ngā au rerekē he āhuatanga rongonui o te ahupūngao semiconductor. He iti noa iho te whakawhirinaki o te roangaru o te mārama e whakaputaina ana e tētahi maramara LED ki te kiato o nāianei e rere ana i roto. I a koe e whakaheke ana i te au i roto i tētahi pūnaha hina tairitenga, ka taea e te roangaru ngoikore te neke, ka puta he huringa o te tae e kitea ana. E tino kitea ana tēnei i roto i ngā LED mā, arā, he maramara kikorangi me te koti phosphor. Ka pāngia hoki te kaha o te tahuringa o te phosphor e te kaha o te rama kikorangi e whakaongaonga ana. Ko te hina o PWM e ārai ana i tēnei take katoa. Kāore e huri i te au. Ka huri noa iho i tētahi au taimau, katoa ki te whakakā, ki te whakaweto hoki. Nō reira, i ia mokowhiti "kā", kei te mahi te LED i raro i ōna here hoahoa tūturu, e whakaputa ana i te mārama i tōna pāmahana tae pūmau. Ka whakakotahitia e te whatu me te roro tangata ēnei mokowhiti tere o te mārama tae taimau, e kite ana i tētahi tae ōrite i ngā taumata rehurehu. Koinei te take nui i noho ai a PWM hei paerewa koura mō te pupuri i te pono tae i roto i ngā pūnaha rama LED rehurehu. Ka wetewete i te mana tīahoaho mai i te ahupūngao o te maramara LED, ka tuku i te mana ki tētahi matawā mamati pū.
He aha ngā hē me ngā uauatanga o te rehurehu PWM?
Ahakoa ōna painga maha, kāore te hina PWM i te kore ōna uauatanga me ngā hēnga tūpono, e tika ana kia āta whakatauria e ngā kaipūkaha i roto i ā rātou hoahoa. Ko te take tino pūnoa ko te turituri rongo. Mā te tere o te whakawhiti o nāianei mā te atekōkiri LED me ngā LED anō ka wiriwiri ētahi mōtete. He tino pono tēnei mō ngā pūkaha uku, e whakamahia nuitia ana i te wāhanga huaputa o ngā atekōkiri LED nā te iti o te rahi me ngā āhuatanga hiko pai. I te nuinga o te wā ka hangaia ngā pūkaha uku mai i ngā rauemi whai āhuatanga piezoelectric, ko te tikanga he iti noa iho te āhua o te āhua ina hoatu he ngaohiko. Ina pāngia e tētahi mokowhiti PWM 200 Hz, ka taea e ēnei pūkaha te wiriwiri i taua auautanga, ka puta mai he oro ngoikore, tangi rānei e taka ana ki roto i te awhe o te rongo tangata. Ka pōrearea pea tēnei i roto i tētahi taiao mārire pēnei i te rūma moe, i te whare pukapuka rānei. Ko tētahi atu wero e pā ana ki te kōwhiringa auau PWM. Mēnā he iti rawa te auau (i raro iho i te 100 Hz), ka kitea e te whatu tangata te kōpura, he hāneanea, ā, ka puta pea he take hauora pēnei i te ānini me te uaua o te whatu. Mēnā he tiketike rawa te auau (i runga ake i te 20 kHz), ka taea te mawhiti i te awhe o te rongo tangata, te whakaoti i te raruraru turituri, engari ka whakamōhiotia he matatinitanga hou. I ngā auau tiketike rawa, ka taea e ngā kōkuhu pirinoa me ngā kaha i roto i te ara iahiko te whakahawea i ngā tapa koi o te ngaru tapawhā PWM, nā reira ka kōpikopiko ngā tauwhiro kā/weto me te whakaiti i te tika o te rehu. Tērā tētahi wāhi reka e kitea ana, ā, me tūpato te pūkaha.
Me pēhea te whakaoti i te raru turituri i roto i te dimming PWM?
Kua hangaia e ngā kaipūkaha ētahi rautaki pai hei whawhai i te turituri e pā ana ki te hina PWM. Ko te tikanga tino hāngai ko te whakanui ake i te auau whakawhiti PWM ki runga ake i te 20 kHz, e whakaarotia ana ko te tepe o runga o te rongo tangata. Mā te mahi i te 25 kHz, neke atu rānei, ka noho ngā turituri wiriwiri hei ultrasonic, ā, kāore e rangona e te tangata. Heoi anō, e hiahiatia ana e tēnei he hoahoa ara iahiko mātanga ake hei whakahaere i ngā pānga pirinoa me te pupuri i te taparenga tohu, e taea ai te whakanui ake i te utu me te matatinitanga o te atekōkiri. Ko te tikanga tuarua, ā, i te nuinga o te wā, ko te kōrero hāngai ki te pūtake o te turituri: ko ngā wae anō. Ko te tino hara ko ngā pūkaha huaputa uku. Ko tētahi rongoā noa ko te whakakapi i ēnei capacitors uku ki ngā capacitors tantalum. Kāore ngā pūkaha tantalum e whakaatu i te pānga piezoelectric ōrite, ā, he mārire ake. Heoi anō, kei tēnei rongoā ōna ake mahi. He uaua ake te pūtake o ngā pūkaha tantalum ngaohiko tiketike, he nui ake te utu i ō rātou hoa uku, ā, he rerekē ngā āhuatanga hiko me pūkete i roto i te hoahoa. Nō reira, ko te kōwhiringa i waenga i te auau whakawhiti teitei ake me ngā wae utu nui ake, i te auau iti iho rānei me ngā wae mārire ake, he whakataunga pūkaha matua e pā ana ki te utu, te rahi, me te mahinga o te hua whakamutunga. Ko ētahi atekōkiri mutunga tiketike e whakakotahi ana i ngā huarahi e rua, mā te whakamahi i tētahi auau iti kua tīpakohia, he auau tiketike, he tino kounga, he iti te turituri hei whakaoti i te ngū, te piu-kore, me te tino tika o te rehurehu.
He aha te auau PWM tino pai mō te hina LED?
Ko te tīpakonga o te auau PWM tino pai mō te hina LED he mahi whakataurite, ā, kāore he tau "tika" kotahi mō ngā taupānga katoa. Heoi anō, he tohutohu mārama i runga anō i ngā hiahia o te pūnaha arokite tangata me ngā whāititanga o ngā hiko. Ko te auautanga mōkito rawa hei karo i te kōpura e kitea ana ko te 100 Hz, engari he mōkito noa iho tēnei, ā, ka kitea tonutia e ngā tangata tairongo, i te kitenga tawhiti. Ko tētahi kōwhiringa haumaru ake, pūnoa ake hoki mō te tīramarama whānui ko te 200 Hz ki te 500 Hz. He tiketike rawa tēnei awhe hei whakakore i te kōpura kitea mō te nuinga o ngā tāngata, ā, he iti rawa kāore e whakaurua ngā take taparenga tohu nui, ngā ngaronga whakawhiti nui rānei i roto i te atekōkiri. Mō ngā taupānga e tino āwangawanga ana te turituri, pēnei i ngā tautuhinga kāinga, studio rānei, ka panaia te auau ki runga ake i te 20 kHz ki te awhe ultrasonic. Ka whakamahia ngā auautanga pēnei i te 25 kHz, 30 kHz, teitei ake rānei. Heoi anō, me whawhai te kaihoahoa ki te nui ake o ngā uauatanga o te whakararuraru ā-hiko (EMI) me te hiahia kia nui ake ngā ara iahiko atekōkiri kēti arā atu anō hei pupuri i ngā tapa whakawhiti mā, tere hoki. Hei whakarāpopototanga, ko te auau tino pai e whakatauria ana e ngā manakē o te taupānga: 200-500 Hz mō te whārite pai o te ngāwari me te mahinga, me te >20 kHz mō te mahi ngū i roto i ngā taiao tairongo turituri.
Ngā Painga me ngā Hēnga o te Dimming PWM
Ko te ripanga e whai ake nei e whakarāpopoto ana i ngā painga me ngā kino matua o te hangarau dimming PWM mō ngā LED.
| Aronga | Ngā painga | Ngā Hē / Ngā Wero |
|---|---|---|
| Ōritetanga Tae | Anō te pai. Kāore he neke tae puta noa i te awhe hina nā te mea ka mahi tonu ngā LED i te au whakatauranga katoa ina kā ana. | N/A |
| Awhe Hina me te Tika | He tino whānui (100% ki te 0.1%) me te tino pū nā te mana mamati o te huringa mahi. | I ngā auau tiketike rawa, ka taea e te whakahaweatanga tohu te whakaiti i te tika. |
| Kitenga Kōpura | Ka taea te whakaiti mā te whakamahi i tētahi auau i runga ake i te 100 Hz (ko te tino pai 200 Hz+). | Mā ngā auau iti (<100 Hz) ka kitea, ka hāneanea hoki. |
| turituri rongo | N/A | Ka taea te whakawiriwiri i ngā wae (esp. ngā pūkaha uku), e whakaputa ana i te haruru rongo i te awhe 200 Hz – 20 kHz. |
| Maina kaikā | Tiketike. Kei te kā katoa, kei te weto rānei ngā LED, e whakaiti ana i ngā ngaronga o te atekōkiri. | Ka taea e ngā auau whakawhiti tino tiketike te whakauru i ngā ngaronga whakawhiti iti. |
| matatini ara iahiko | He ngāwari te ariā, ā, he whānui te whakatinanatanga. | E hiahiatia ana e ngā hoahoa auau-tiketike te tahora PCB tūpato hei whakahaere i ngā pirinoa me te EMI. |
I te mutunga, ko te PWM dimming he hangarau kaha, pūkenga hoki kua noho hei paerewa mō te mana rama LED tino kounga. Ko tōna kaha ki te whakarato i te hina pū, awhe whānui me te kore whakararuraru i te ōritetanga o te tae, e kore e ōrite ki ngā tikanga tairitenga. Ahakoa kei te tīari ngā uauatanga pēnei i te turituri rongo me te hiahia tīpakonga auau tūpato, e mārama ana, ā, ka taea te whakahaere tika mā te pūkaha whakaaro. Ko te hua he rongoā hina e tuku ana i tētahi wheako kaiwhakamahi tino pai, nā reira ko te kōwhiringa pai mō ngā taupānga rama maha.
Ngā pātai auau mō te hina LED PWM
He kino te hina o te PWM mō ō whatu?
Ehara i te mea kino noa iho te hina o te PWM. Ko te kaha o te uaua o te whatu e puta mai ana i te kōpura auau iti (i raro iho i te 100 Hz). Ko te hina PWM kounga tiketike i whakatinanatia i ngā auau o te 200 Hz neke atu rānei, e kore e kitea, ā, i te nuinga o te wā e whakaarotia ana he haumaru, he hāneanea hoki. Kimihia ngā wā katoa mō ngā LED "kore-piu", e tohu ana i te auau PWM tiketike, i te whakamahinga rānei o ētahi atu hangarau kore-piu.
Ka taea ngā pūrama LED katoa te hina ki te PWM?
Kāo, kāore ngā pūrama LED katoa i te rehu. Me hoko koe i ngā pūrama kua tapaina motuhake hei "dimmable." Tērā anō, kia tika ai te mahi o te hina PWM, me hoahoa te atekōkiri ā-roto o te pūrama kia whakaae me te urupare ki tētahi tohu PWM. Mā te whakamahi i tētahi LED kāore e taea te hina i runga i tētahi ara iahiko PWM ka pā pea ki te kōpura, te haruru me te tūkino pea ki te pūrama, ki te hina rānei.
Me pēhea taku mōhio mēnā kei te whakamahi taku dimmer LED i te PWM?
Ka taea e tētahi whakamātautau ngāwari mā tētahi kāmera waea atamai te whakaatu i te hina PWM. Tautuhia tō kāmera waea ki te aratau "nekeneke pōturi", ki te aratau "pro" rānei me te tere marumaru tere, ka tohu atu ki te rama rehurehu. Mēnā ka kite koe i ngā here pouri, i te kōpura rānei i runga i te mata, tērā pea kei te hina te rama ki te PWM. Nā te mea ka hopukina e te marumaru takahuri o te kāmera ngā huringa kā/weto tere kāore e taea e tō whatu te kite.
