He aha i rerekē ai te roanga o te oranga LED i ngā pūrama tūturu

Ko tētahi o ngā painga tino hākinakina o te tīramarama LED ko tōna roanga whakaharahara. Ahakoa ka wera pea te rama kākano tūturu i muri i te 1,000 hāora me te kōauau kiato (CFL) i muri i te 8,000 haora, ka whakatauria he rama LED kounga kia 25,000, 50,000, 100,000 haora rānei. Ko tēnei roanga he atekōkiri matua mō te whakawhiti ki te LED i ngā mea katoa mai i ngā pūrama kāinga ki ngā kaupapa mahi nui me ngā rama tiriti. Heoi anō, he tino rerekē te āhua o te LED ki te mutunga o tōna oranga i ngā hangarau tawhito ake. Ka hopu te filament kōauau, ka heke te phosphor o te ngongo kōauau, ka hinga rānei ōna hiko—he rahunga kino ēnei. Ko te LED, i tērā taha, kāore e "wera" i te nuinga o te wā. Engari, ka pōturi, ka āta hina haere i te roanga o te wā. E mōhiotia ana tēnei tukanga ko te whakahekenga lumen. Ko te tikanga o tēnei rerekētanga taketake ehara te "roanga ora" mō tētahi LED i te wāhi rahunga kotahi, engari he wāhi tautuhi kua heke iho tōna huaputa mārama ki tētahi taumata kua kore e whakaarotia he whaitake mō tōna taupānga tika. Hei kawe mai i te ōritetanga me te whaikiko ki tēnei ariā, e whakawhirinaki ana te umanga rama ki ngā paerewa takenui e rua: LM-80 me TM-21. Koinei ngā tohu pūtaiao e āhei ai ngā kaiwhakanao ki te whakapuaki i ngā kerēme whai tikanga mō te roa o ā rātou hua LED.

He aha ngā take e whakatau ana i te oranga o te rama LED?

Ehara te roanga o te oranga o te LED i te tau pūmau; e tino whakawhirinaki ana ki tōna taiao mahi me te kounga o tōna hoahoa. E rua ngā take matua e whakahaere ana i te tere o te whakahekenga o te huaputa rama o te LED: te pāmahana tūtakinga me te au whakamua. Ko te pāmahana tūtakinga (Tj) ko te pāmahana o te maramara takawaenga, e hangaia ai te mārama. Koinei te take tino nui mō te roanga o te LED. Ko te wera te hoariri o ngā LED. Ko te pāmahana tūtakinga teitei ake ka whakatere i te whakahekenga o ngā rauemi semiconductor, te phosphor, me ngā resins kōpani, e tere ake ai te whakapeka o te huaputa mārama. He tino nui te pupuri i te pāmahana tūtakinga. Ko te take tuarua ko te au whakamua—ko te hiko e whakahaere ana i te LED. Ko te au whakamua e hāngai ana ki te tīahoaho; Ko te tikanga o te nui ake o nāianei, he nui ake te mārama. Heoi anō, mā te pana i ētahi atu o nāianei mā roto i te maramara ka nui ake te wera i te komititanga. Ka whakapūtātia e ngā kaiwhakanao LED ngā awhe mahi haumaru o nāianei. Mā te mahi i te pito o runga o ēnei awhe ka nui ake te mārama, engari me tino pai te whakahaere wera (he totohu wera tino kounga) hei ārai i te pāmahana tūtakinga kia kore ai e rere me te whakapoto i te oranga o te LED. I tua atu, mēnā ka noho mātao tonu te maramara LED mā te hoahoa totohu wera tino pai—i te nuinga o te wā ka mau tonu te pāmahana tūtakinga i raro iho i te 85°C—ka taea te whakamōrahi i te roanga o te ora, ā, ka iti ake te pānga o ngā rerekētanga o te au whakamua i roto i te awhe kua whakapūtātia. He mahi whakataurite mārire i waenganui i te huaputa mārama, te whakahaere wera, me te roanga o te ora e hiahiatia ana.

He aha te L70, he aha hoki te paerewa mō te tūmanako ora LED?

Ina kite koe i tētahi pūrama LED e pānuitia ana me te "roanga" o te 50,000 haora, e tata ana ki tōna whakatauranga ora L70. Ko te L70 he ngahuru paerewa-umanga i tautuhia e te Illuminating Engineering Society (IES). E tohu ana i te wā i whakahekea ai te huaputa mārama o tētahi rama LED, kōwae rānei ki te 70% o ōna lumens tuatahi. Ki tētahi atu kupu, ko te maha o ngā haora mahi i mua i te 30% hina ake o te rama i te wā hou. E whakaarohia ana tēnei ko te "oranga whaitake" o tētahi LED mō te nuinga o ngā taupānga tīramarama whānui. Ehara te kōwhiringa o te 70% i te mea noa iho; He paepae e kitea ai te whakaiti o te mārama, ā, ka tīmata ki te pānga ki te taumahinga o te tīramarama i hoahoatia ai. Hei tauira, kua kore pea te rama tiriti kua hina i te 30% e whakarato i te mārama tika mō te haumarutanga, ka taka rānei tētahi mokowā tari ki raro iho i ngā taumata mārama e manakohia ana mō ngā mahi tūmahi. He mea nui kia mārama kei tōna wāhi L70, kei te mahi tonu te LED. Kāore anō kia hinga; he hina noa iho. Ka haere tonu ki te whakaputa i te mārama, ka āta whakapeka anō, tērā pea mō ngā mano haora anō, tae noa ki te mutunga ka hina rawa kia whai take. E hua ana ngā whakatau tata ka taea e tētahi LED te whakaputa tonu i ētahi rama tae atu ki te 100,000 hāora, neke atu rānei i mua i te "whakaweto," engari ko te pūwāhi L70 te tohu paerewa e whakamahia ana e ngā kaipūkaha, ngā kaipūtā, me ngā kaiwhakarite hei whakataurite i ngā hua me te mahere mō ngā huringa tautiakitanga me te whakakapinga.

He aha te rerekētanga o te L70 i te rahunga kino i ētahi atu pūrama?

Ko te ariā o L70 e whakamiramira ana i tētahi huringa whakaahua taketake i roto i tā tātau whakaaro mō te roanga o te pūtake mārama. Mā te rama mura, kōauau rānei, he takahanga ohorere te mutunga o te ora—ka mate te rama, ā, me whakakapi wawe. He tauhohe te tautiakitanga. Mā ngā LED, ko te mutunga o te ora he tukanga āta whakaaro. Mā tēnei e āhei ai te whakarite tiaki haumaru. E mōhio ana tētahi kaiwhakahaere pūkenga mō tētahi whare putunga nui, tētahi mahere taone rānei mō ngā rama tiriti, i muri i te maha o ngā haora, ka hina ngā rama ki te 30%, ā, me whakarite hei whakakapinga hei wāhanga o tētahi kaupapa rama anō, kaua e tatari mō ngā rahunga takitahi. He nui ake te utu o tēnei rautaki whakakapinga rōpū i te tuku i ngā kaimahi mō ngā tapi kotahi, tauhohe. Waihoki, nā te mea kei te tawhiti rawa te pūwāhi L70 i te wā e heke mai nei—i te nuinga o te wā e 10, 15, 20 tau rānei mō ngā rama e mahi ana i te 12 hāora i te rā—ka noho te rama LED hei wae "whakauru me te wareware", e tino whakaiti ana i ngā kawenga tiakitanga. Heoi anō, he nui ake te arotahi o tēnei oranga ki te kounga o te hoahoa tuatahi me ngā mōtete, nā te mea he L70 noa iho te oranga o te LED i hoahoatia me te whakahaere wera kāore i te tika, e whakakore ana i tōna painga tuatahi.

He aha te LM-80 me te pēhea e whakarato ai i te tūāpapa mō te whakamātautau ora LED?

Ko te LM-80 te tikanga paerewa i hangaia e te IES hei ine i te whakahekenga lumen o ngā pūtake rama LED. Ehara i te matapae o te roanga o te oranga, engari ko te tukanga kohikohi raraunga uaua, ā-ringa e taea ai aua matapae. Whakaarohia te LM-80 hei kohinga raraunga taketake, me te TM-21 hei utauta tātari me te matapae e whakamahi ana i taua raraunga. Ko te paerewa LM-80 e whakatau ana i tētahi kawa whakamātautau tino tauwhāiti, roa hoki. Me whakamātau ngā kaiwhakanao i tētahi tauira māngai o ngā mōkī LED, huānga, kōwae rānei. Ka whakahaeretia ēnei tauira i ngā pāmahana kēhi rerekē e toru—ko te tikanga ko te 55°C, 85°C, me te pāmahana tuatoru i kōwhiria e te kaiwhakanao, i te nuinga o te wā 105°C. Ka inetia te huaputa mārama (lumens) o ia tauira i ngā wā maha i roto i te wā whakamātautau mōkito. Ahakoa ka tangohia ngā pānui tuatahi, e hiahiatia ana e te paerewa he raraunga mō te 6,000 hāora mahi motukore neke atu rānei, ā, he pūrongo katoa i runga anō i te 8,000 ki te 10,000 hāora whakamātautau e manakohia ana kia nui ake ai te tika. Ko tēnei tukanga, e tata ana ki te kotahi tau te roa ki te whakaoti, ka whakarato i tētahi pikitia taipitopito o te whakahekenga o te huaputa mārama o te LED i roto i te wā i ngā pāmahana rerekē. Ko tēnei raraunga taketake mō te tiaki lumen te kaupapa o tētahi kerēme LED whai tikanga. Ka whakarato i ngā whakaaturanga uaua e hiahiatia ana hei neke mai i te pānui mākete ki te ao pūkaha.

He aha te TM-21 me te pēhea e tāpiri ai i ngā raraunga LM-80 hei matapae i te L70?

Ahakoa e whakarato ana te LM-80 i ngā raraunga whakamātautau o te ao tūturu tae atu ki te 10,000 haora, he poto tonu tēnei i te 50,000+ haora e tūmanakohia ana e mātou mai i ngā LED. E kore e taea te tatari kia 6 tau ki te whakamātau i tētahi hua ki tōna pūwāhi L70. Koinei te wāhi e haere mai ai te TM-21. Ko TM-21, he paerewa IES hoki, e whakarato ana i tētahi tikanga pāngarau mō te tāpiri i ngā raraunga whakamātautau LM-80 hei whakarite i tētahi matapae tika o te tautiakitanga lumen mo te wā roa o te LED, otirā tōna oranga L70. Ehara te aratuka TM-21 i te matapae "raina hāngai" ngāwari. Kei roto i te whakauru i ngā raraunga LM-80 kua kohia ki tētahi taumahi pirau taupū. Ko tēnei tauira tatauranga e pā ana ki te mea he tere ake te whakahekenga o te lumen i te oranga tōmua o tētahi LED, kātahi ka whakaū ki tētahi pānaki āta whakaaro. Mā te tātari i te ia o ngā tūtohu raraunga i kohia, ka whakatakoto te tatauranga TM-21 i tēnei ānau pirau ki mua i te wā. Ko te hua he oranga L70 i roto i ngā haora, engari me ngā whakatūpato hira. Ka tukua hoki e te paerewa TM-21 ngā tepe pūrongo, ko te tikanga ka whakaarotia anake te tāpiritanga e tika ana tae atu ki tētahi taurea o te roanga whakamātautau (hei tauira, 6x te wā whakamātautau LM-80). Nā reira, mai i te 10,000 hāora o ngā raraunga LM-80, ka whakaarotia pea he matapae TM-21 e pono ana tae atu ki te 60,000 haora. Mā tēnei huarahi pūtaiao e whakarato i tētahi huarahi paerewa, ōrite, pono ake hoki mō ngā kaiwhakanao ki te whakapūtā i te oranga o ā rātou LED, mā te whakawhirinaki ki ngā kaiwhakarite me ngā kiritaki ki ngā kerēme mahinga.

He aha i hiahiatia ai te LM-80 me te TM-21 mō ngā kerēme LED mō te roanga o te wā?

Ko te pahekotanga o LM-80 me TM-21 he pūnaha kaha, e rua ngā wāhanga e kawe mai ana i te kaha pūtaiao ki te pūrongo oranga LED. Ki te kore LM-80, ko te kerēme roanga o te oranga he matapae noa iho, he tauākī mākete rānei. Ka whakarato te LM-80 i ngā raraunga mārō, ka taea te arotaupū—te tohu o te mahi a te LED i raro i ngā āhuatanga whakahaere, hauā. Ka whakatū i tētahi tauanga o te mea. Heoi anō, kāore ngā raraunga taketake anake e homai ki a mātou te whakautu whakamutunga e hiahiatia ana mō te whakapūtātanga hua. Ka tangohia e TM-21 taua raraunga pono, ā, ka hoatu i tētahi tauira pāngarau paerewa, arotake-ā-hoa hei whakaata i taua mahinga ā muri ake nei, e homai ana ki a mātau he whakaaro māia, pono hoki o te oranga L70. Ko tēnei tukanga hipanga e rua te mea e wehe ana i ngā kaiwhakanao rongonui i te hunga e whakanui ana i ngā kerēme. Ina homai e tētahi kaiwhakanao ngā pūrongo whakamātautau LM-80 mai i tētahi taiwhanga hunga-tuatoru e mōhiotia ana, ā, ka whakaatu i ā rātou tatauranga TM-21, kei te pūruatia e rātou te roanga o te oranga o tā rātou hua ki te pūtaiao manatoko. Mō ngā kaihoko me ngā kaitauwhāiti, otirā i roto i ngā kaupapa tauine nui pēnei i ngā taiwhanga, ngā huarahi, ngā pūkenga ahumahi rānei e nui ana te utu o te whakakapinga, he tino taonga tēnei whakaaturanga. Ka taea te whakataurite āporo-ki-te-āporo i waenga i ngā hua LED rerekē, ā, ka taea te aromatawai tika i te mahinga mo te wā roa me te hokinga mai o te pūtea penapena.

Ngā rerekētanga matua i waenga i te LM-80 me te TM-21

Ka whakamāramatia e tēnei ripanga ngā tūranga motuhake o ēnei paerewa umanga tino nui e rua.

I te mutunga, ko te mārama ki te oranga rama LED me neke atu i tua atu i ngā whakatauranga haora ngāwari. E tono ana i te whakawhānuitanga o te pūtaiao o te whakahekenga lumen, te tūranga nui o te whakahaere wera, me ngā paerewa umanga—LM-80 mō te whakamātautau uaua me te TM-21 mō te matapae pono—e whakarite ana he tika ngā kerēme a ngā kaiwhakanao. Mō te tangata e pā ana ki te whakapūtā, ki te hoko, ki te kōwhiri rānei i te tīramarama LED kounga tiketike, ko te mōhio ki te rerekētanga i waenga i ēnei paerewa me te tikanga o L70 ko te kī ki te whakatau i tētahi whakataunga mōhio e whakarite ana i te mahinga me te uara mō te wā roa.

Ngā pātai auau mō te Ora LED, LM-80, me TM-21

Ka mutu te mahi a te LED i tōna oranga L70 whakatauranga?

Kāo, kāore te LED e mutu te mahi i tōna oranga L70. Ko te whakatauranga L70 te wāhi i whakahekea ai te huaputa mārama ki te 70% o tōna uara tuatahi. Ka haere tonu te LED ki te whakaputa i te mārama, ka āta hina haere, mō ngā mano haora maha i tua atu i tōna whakatauranga L70, kia hina rawa rā anō mō tōna whāinga, tētahi wae rānei pēnei i te atekōkiri.

He aha ahau e hiahia ana ki te mohio mo LM-80 me TM-21 ina hoko rama LED?

Mō tētahi pūrama kāinga ngāwari, kāore pea koe e hiahia ki te keri i ngā pūrongo. Heoi anō, mō ngā kaupapa arumoni, ahumahi rānei e haumi ana koe ki ngā mano tāra te wāriu o te rama e hiahiatia ana kia mau tonu, he tino nui ēnei paerewa. Ko rātou anake te huarahi hei manatoko i ngā kerēme oranga o te kaiwhakanao. Ko tētahi hua i pūruatia e ngā raraunga LM-80 me ngā matapae TM-21 e tuku ana i te tohu o tōna roanga o te ora, i te wā kāore he kerēme kāore i te mōhiotia.

Me pēhea e taea ai e au te whakaroa ake i aku rama LED?

Ko te mea tino nui ka taea e koe te whakahaere ko te wera. Me mātua whakarite he pai te whakaora o ō taputapu LED, ā, kāore i te tāutatia ki ngā mokowā kōpani, kāore i te whakahāwea, engari rawa mēnā kua whakatauria motuhaketia mōna. Mā te pupuri i te atekōkiri me te totohu wera ka whakamōkito i te pāmahana tūtakinga o ngā LED, ka pōturi i te tukanga whakahekenga lumen me te whakamōrahi i te wā kia tae rā anō ki tō rātou wāhi L70.