Te Mārama ki te Rahunga LED: He aha i mutu ai te mahi a ngā Pere LED?

I mua i te ruku ki ngā tikanga kitenga, he mea nui kia mārama he aha te LED pakaru. I te nuinga o ngā hua tīrama, ka whakaritea ngā pere LED ki roto irangatū me ngā ara iahiko whakarara. Mā te tūhononga rangatū e whakarite kia ōrite te rere o nāianei i roto i ngā pere katoa, engari ki te rahua tētahi pere (ko te tikanga he ara iahiko tuwhera), ka pouri te aho katoa. I roto i ngā ara iahiko whakarara, kāore pea tētahi pere rahua e whakaweto i te pūnaha katoa, engari ka kore pea e ōrite te tuari o nāianei, ā, ka rahunga wawe ētahi atu pere.

Ko te āhuatanga noa iho o te pere LED hē, pakeke rānei, he iti rawa, he kōpura rānei te tīahoaho katoa o te rama. Heoi anō, ehara i te mea nā ngā LED mate te hina katoa; I ētahi wā ko te atekōkiri. Ko te mōhio me pēhea te wehe i te raruraru mā te whakamahi i ngā utauta taketake pēnei i te multimeter, he pūkenga tino nui mō ngā kaingākau DIY, ngā kaimahi hiko, me ngā tohunga tiaki.

He aha te huarahi pai ki te whakamātau i tētahi pere LED?

He maha ngā tikanga hei whakamātau i tētahi LED, engari mā te whakamahi i tētahiIne Maha Mamatiko te tino pono, āheitanga hoki. Nā te mea he diode te LED (he Light Emitting Diode), ka whakaaetia te rere o nāianei ki te ahunga kotahi anake. Ko tēnei āhuatanga te mea e whakamahia ana e mātou i te wā o te whakamātautau.

Ko te huarahi tino māmā ko teAratau Whakamātau Diodei runga i tētahi ine maha mamati. Kāore i te rite ki te taki ātete paerewa, ka tukuna e te aratau diode tētahi au iti mā te wae me te ine i te taka ngaohiko. Mō tētahi LED paerewa, ko tēnei whakataka ngaohiko kei waenganui i te 1.8V me te 3.3V, i runga anō i te tae (he iti iho ngā LED whero, he teitei ake te kikorangi/mā). Mēnā he hauora te LED, ka whakaputa i tētahi mura ngoikore. Mēnā kāore he pānui (OL, Raina Tuwhera rānei) kāore rānei te LED e mura, tērā pea kua pakaru. Mō te hunga e whakamahi ana i tētahi ine tairitenga (momo atatohu), ka taea te whakamahi i te awhe R×1 (Ātete 1 Ohm), e whakarato ana hoki i te nui o nāianei hei whakamārama poto i tētahi LED.

Me pēhea te whakamahi i tētahi ine maha hei kite i te LED pakaru: Hipanga-ki-te-hipanga

E arotahi ana tēnei tukanga ki te whakamātautau aratau diode, koia te paerewa koura mōme pēhea te whakamahi ine maha hei kite i te LED pakarungā mōtete. Ka hipokina e mātou ngā whakamātautau ā-ara iahiko me waho o te ara iahiko.

Hipanga 1: Haumaru me te Whakaritenga

Tuatahi, me mātua momotu katoa te hiko ki te ara iahiko. Mēnā kei te whakamātau koe i tētahi pūrama LED, wetekina mai i te maunga. Ki te whakamātau i tētahi wae i runga i te papa ara iahiko, whakawetohia te puna matua. Tautuhia tō ine maha mamati ki teTohu Diode(i te nuinga o te wā e whakaaturia ana e tētahi tohu diode me ngā raina huri noa). Kōkuhua te mata pango ki te tauranga COM me te mata whero ki te tauranga VΩ.

Hipanga 2: Te Tāutu i te Polarity

Kua whakarerekētia ngā LED. E kīia ana te ārahi tōrunga ko tepito, ā, ko te tōraro ko tecathode. I te nuinga o ngā pere LED, ka taea e koe te tāutu i te cathode mā te kimi tapa papatahi i runga i te whare, i tētahi tohu kākāriki rānei i runga i te papa solder (i te nuinga o te wā he tohu tango, he ripa kākāriki rānei). Ko te waea ārahi roa ake (mēnā kāore i tapahia) e tohu ana hoki i te pito. Tūhonoa terūpahu whero ki te pitome terūpahu pango ki te cathode. E mōhiotia ana tēnei ko te tītaha whakamua.

Hipanga 3: Te Whakamārama i te Pānui

Whakapā atu ki ngā pūtiro ki ia pūpato, ki ngā ārahi rānei. E rua ngā mea ka mahia e te LED hauora: ka whakaaturia e te ine maha tētahi ngaohiko whakamua (hei tauira, 1.8V ki te 3.2V), ā, ka whakaputa te LED i tētahi rama tino ngoikore (me hina pea ngā rama rūma, te whakamarumaru rānei i te pere ki tō ringa kia kitea). Mēnā e whakaatu ana te whakaaturanga i te "OL" (Over Limit), "1" rānei, ā, kāore he rama, kei te tuwhera te LED (pakaru). Ki te whakahoki koe i ngā tirotiro (pango ki te pito, whero ki te cathode) ka whiwhi pānui, ka poto, ka turuturu rānei te LED, e tohu ana hoki i te hinganga.

Aki Pro:I ētahi wā kāore i te kaha rawa te au whakamātautau o te ine maha hei whakamārama i ngā LED hiko-tiketike (pēnei i ngā pere 1W, 3W rānei). I tēnei take, whakawhirinaki ki te pānui ngaohiko. Mēnā ka whiwhi koe i tētahi whakataka ngaohiko pūmau i roto i te awhe e tūmanakohia ana, tērā pea ka mau tonu te tūtakinga diode.

He aha te Multimeter e whakaatu ai i te hononga engari kāore te LED e mārama?

He wāhi noa iho tēnei o te pōrarutanga. Ka whakamātauria e te aratau whakamātau diode i runga i te inemaha te tūtakinga semiconductor, ehara i te phosphor, i te taparenga waea here rānei. Mēnā kua pāngia te LED i te rahunga "wāhi pouri" (i te wāhi i tahuna ai te waea hononga), ka whakaaturia e te ine maha te "OL" nā te mea kei te tuwhera te ara iahiko. Heoi anō, mēnā kei te mamae te LED i tewhakahekenga konuporate pakeke rānei, tērā pea kei te oro hiko tonu te tūtakinga diode (e whakaatu ana i te whakataka ngaohiko tika), engari kua tino heke te putanga mārama. I te nuinga o te wā e kīia ana tēnei ko te "LED tawhito", ko te "whakahekenga lumen rānei." I aua take, ka hipa te whakamātautau inemaha, engari he hina te LED.

Mō ngā LED tawhito, ka noho tonu ngā āhuatanga hiko, engari ka hinga te huaputa ōmata. Koinei te wāhi e hiahiatia ai ētahi atu aratuka haurapa, pēnei i te whakamātautau whakarara, te aratuka poto waea rānei.

He aha te tikanga whakawā whakarara mō te kimi i ngā LED kino?

I te wā e mahi anapere rama LED tawhitokua ngaro te tīahoaho engari e whakaatu tonu ana i ngā āhuatanga diode i runga i te mita, he tino pai te tikanga whakawā whakarara. E ai ki te tikanga o te karo i tētahi hononga ngoikore i roto i tētahi ara iahiko rangatū.

Te Whakamātautau Whakarara "LED Pai"

E hiahiatia ana e tēnei aratuka tētahi LED 1W e mōhiotia ana, e mahi katoa ana. Solder short, flexible cables to each pin of this "good" LED to turn it into a portable test probe. Ināianei, me te whakakā i te pūrama hē (kia tūpato, me te ārai tika), whakapā atu ki ngā pito rūpahu e rua o tō LED pai puta noa i ngā pūpato solder o ia pere LED i roto i te pūrama pōhēhē. Nā te mea he ara ātete iti tō LED whakamātautau, ka tāhae i te au mai i te pere e whakamātauria ana e koe. Ki te pā atu koe ki tētahi pere hauora, kāore he mea whakaharahara e puta. Engari ki te pā atu koe ki tētahi pere ngoikore, pakeke rānei, ka hipa atu te LED whakamātau pai i taua pere ngoikore, ka nui ake te rere o nāianei i te toenga o te rangatū, ā, ka rere te tīahoaho katoa o te pūramawhakanui ake. Ko te pere e puta ai tēnei pekenga tīahoaho ko te mea hē.

Te whakamahi i tētahi waea ngāwari mō te aratuka poto

Mēnā kāore i a koe tētahi LED 1W tohunga, ka taea e koe te whakamahi i tētahi wāhanga waea ārai māmā me ngā pito kua tīhore (he "waea poto"). Me te whakakā i te pūrama, āta poto puta noa i ngā pūpato solder o ia pere LED takitahi.Kia tūpato:Kia tino tūpato kia kaua e pā atu ki ngā pere rerekē e rua, ki ētahi atu wāhanga rānei o te ara iahiko i te wā kotahi kia kore ai e poto te ara iahiko. Ina poto koe i tētahi pere hauora, ka puta te pere (i a koe e karo ana), engari ka mārama tonu te toenga. Heoi anō, mēnā ka poto koe i tētahi pere tawhito, tuwhera rānei e nui ai te ātete o te ara iahiko, ka oti i te poto te ara iahiko mō ērā atu peara, ā, ka mārama ake te pūrama. Ka kitea e tēnei te pere raru.

Tuhipoka Haumaru:Me tūpato te tikanga poto waea me te whakamātautau whakarara. Mahi i tētahi wāhi maroke, whakamahia ngā utauta ārai, me te karo i te pā atu ki ngā waea tahanga. Mēnā kāore koe i te pai ki te mahi me ngā ara iahiko ora, tangohia te pūrama me te whakamātau i ngā wae i waho o te ara iahiko mā te whakamahi i te whakamātautau diode inemaha.

Me pēhea te kōwhiri i ngā tautuhinga inemaha tika mō te whakamātautau LED

Kāore ngā inemaha katoa i waihangatia kia ōrite. Kia tika airapua te LED pakaruBeads, me mārama koe ki ngā tautuhinga.

• Aratau Whakamātau Diode (Tohu: →+):Koinei te tautuhinga matua. I te nuinga o te wā ka puta mai he au tata ki te 1mA ki te 2mA. He tino pai tenei mo nga LED tohu paerewa me nga LED SMD iti.
• Aratau Ātete (Ω):Mā te whakamahi i te awhe R×1, R×10 rānei i runga i tētahi ine tairitenga ka mahi, engari he iti iho te pū. I runga i te ine mamati, kāore pea te aratau ātete e whakarato i te ngaohiko nui hei tītaha whakamua i te LED, nā reira kāore he pānui ahakoa i runga i te LED pai.
• Taki Ngaohiko (V):Kāore e taea te whakamātau i tētahi LED hikokore mō te taumahinga me te tautuhinga ngaohiko. Heoi anō, ka taea e koe te whakamahi i te tautuhinga ngaohiko DC i runga i tētahi ara iahiko kia kite mēnā kei te tae te ngaohiko ki te aho LED, e āwhina ana ki te tātari i ngā take atekōkiri me ngā take bead.

Mēnā kāore he aratau diode tō multimeter, ka taea e koe te whakamahi i te kōhao whakamātautau transistor (hFE), engari ehara tēnei i te mahi paerewa. Mō te nuinga o ngā kaiwhakamahi, he tino nui te aratau diode.

Ngā Hapa Noa Ina Whakamātauria ngā LED me te Multimeter

Ahakoa ko ngā kaihangarau pūkenga ka taea te hapa. Anei ngā tāwhiti auau ina whakamahi i te ine maha hei tirotiro i ngā LED:

1. Polarity Hē:Mā te whakawhiti i ngā pūtirotiro (pito ki te pango, cathode ki te whero) kāore he pānui, e tāwhai ana i tētahi LED kino. Manatokona te polarity o te pere i ngā wā katoa.
2. Whakararuraru i roto i te ara iahiko:Mā te whakamātau i tētahi LED i te wā e tārewa tonu ana i roto i tētahi ara iahiko matatini (otirā me ngā panoni, ētahi atu IC rānei) ka taea te pānui hē nā te mea he ara whakarara mō te onāianei. Mēnā ka taea, hikitia tētahi waewae o te LED, whakahekea rānei mō tētahi whakamātautau tika.
3. Te pānui hē i te "OL":I runga i te maha o ngā ine mamati, ko te "OL" e tū ana mō te Raina Tuwhera. I roto i te aratau diode, ko te tikanga e tohu ana tēnei kāore te wae i te whakahaere (kino), engari ka whakaatu hoki mēnā kua tūhono whakamuri ngā pūtiro. Takiruatia ō tūhononga.
4. Ki te whakaaro e mura ana ngā LED katoa:E ai ki te kōrero i mua, e hiahiatia ana e ngā LED hiko-tiketike he nui ake o nāianei i te mita maha hei whakaputa i te mārama ari. Ki te kore koe e kite i te mura, engari e whakaatu ana te mita i te pānui ngaohiko (hei tauira, 2.5V), he pai te hiko o te LED.
5. Whakamātau ana me te Kā Hiko:Kaua rawa e whakamahi i te aratau ātete, diode rānei i runga i tētahi ara iahiko hiko. Ka tino pupuhi tēnei i te fuse i tō inemaha, ka tūkino rānei i te mita.

He aha te mahi i muri i te kitenga i tētahi pere LED pakaru

Ina pai tō whakamahi i tō inemaha, i tō tikanga whakarara rānei hei kimi i te LED hē, ka tīmata te tukanga tapi. Mō ngā LED SMD, me whai teihana mahi anō i te hau wera, i tētahi rino whakapiri pai rānei. Mō ngā LED puta noa i te rua, he pai te mahi a te rino paerewa.

Mēnā kāore he wāhanga whakakapi i a koe ināianei tonu, ka taea e koe te poto rangitahi i ngā pūpato o te LED mate (mā te whakamahi i tētahi pupuhi iti o te solder, i tētahi waea rānei) kia mahi ai te toenga o te ara iahiko. Heoi anō, he whakatika rangitahi noa iho tēnei. Nā te mea he rangatū ngā LED, mā te karo i tētahi ka nui ake te rere o nāianei i roto i ngā pere e toe ana, ka wera ake, ka hinga wawe. Ina hoko koe i tētahi LED hōu o ngā whakaritenga tika (ōrite te ngaohiko me te whakatauranga o nāianei), whakakapia te poto ki te wae hōu hei whakaora i te taparenga me te roa o te ara iahiko.

Whakataurite i ngā wā katoa i te pāmahana tae me te CRI (Taupū Tāhuahua Tae) o te LED whakakapi ki te taketake mēnā kei te māharahara koe ki te huaputa mārama ōrite.

Ngā FAQ mō te Kite i ngā LED Pakaru

He aha te tohu diode i runga i te inemaha?

He rite te āhua o te tohu diode ki te tapatoru e tohu ana ki tētahi raina poutū (→|). I te nuinga o te wā ka kitea i te tūnga kaitīpako ōrite ki te whakamātautau hononga (e āhua nei he ngaru oro). Mā te tīpako i tēnei aratau ka taea e te mita te tuku i tētahi au iti mā te takawaenga.

Me pēhea te whakamātau i te SMD LED me te kore inemaha?

Mēnā kāore ō ine maha, ka taea e koe te whakamahi i tētahi pūhiko pūtau moni (pēnei i te CR2032). Nā te mea he tairongo-nāianei ngā LED, ka taea e koe te whakapā atu ki ngā ārahi o te LED ki ngā kāpeka pūhiko (e mātaki ana i te polarity). Ka mārama te LED hauora. He whakamātautau tere tēnei engari kāore e hoatu mōhiohio ki a koe mō te ngaohiko whakamua, te au mārō rānei.

He aha te take i kōpura ai taku pūrama LED i muri i te whakakapinga o te pere?

Ko te tikanga ko te kōpura e tohu ana i tētahi tūhononga tārewa, i te ōritetanga rānei o ngā āhuatanga hiko. Mēnā he rerekē te ngaohiko whakamua (Vf) o te pere LED hōu i ētahi atu, ka tauritea te tuari o nāianei i roto i te aho rangatū, ka kōpura, ka rahunga moata rānei. Ngana ki te pūtake i ngā LED whakakapinga ōrite i ngā wā katoa.

Whakataurite o ngā Aratuka Haurapa LED

Ko te mātauranga me pēhea te whakamahi i tētahi ine maha hei kite i ngā wae LED pakaru, he pūkenga nui e penapena moni ana, e whakaiti ana i te moumou hiko. Ahakoa kei te pupuri koe i ngā rama ahumahi, kei te whakatika rānei i tētahi pūrama whare, mā te whakakotahi i ngā inenga hiko me te mātakitaki ā-ringa e whakarite ana i te nui o te angitu o te tapi.