He aha i hinga ai ngā rama LED i ētahi wā i mua noa atu i tō rātou oranga whakatauranga?

He mea whakamīharo ngā rīpene LED mō tō rātou roanga o te ora, ā, he tokomaha i whakatauria kia 50,000 haora, neke atu rānei. Heoi anō, ko te tangata kua mahi i te tīramarama LED e mōhio ana ka taea e ngā rama me ngā taputapu te hinga i mua i tēnei tepe ariā. I te nuinga o te wā ka puta tēnei kupu taurangi ki te pōrearea, i te mea ko te kī taurangi o tētahi pūtake mārama "ora" e tūtuki ana ki te pono o te pūrama mate i muri noa iho i ngā tau torutoru noa iho. Ko te hunga hara, i te nuinga o ngā take, ehara i te maramara LED, engari ko te atekōkiri hiko e whakamana ana i a rātou. A, i roto i taua atekōkiri, ko te wae e tino haepapa ana ki te rahunga he wāhi māhaki, he ngāwari: ko te pūkaha hiko. He rite tonu te rangona i roto i te umanga rama ko te oranga poto o ngā rama LED nā te poto o te oranga hiko, ā, ko te oranga poto o te puna hiko nā te ora poto o te pūkaha hiko. Ehara ēnei kerēme i te kōrero noa iho; E whakaū ana rātou i roto i te ahupūngao taketake o te mahi me te whakaheke o ēnei mōtete. Kua waipuketia te mākete ki te whānui o ngā pūkaha hiko, mai i ngā wae kounga tiketike, ora roa i hangaia mō ngā taupānga mahi ki ngā mea poto rawa, iti iho i hangaia mō te utu iti rawa. I roto i te ao tino whakataetae o te tīramarama LED, i reira he tino nui te pēhanga utu, ka tapahia e ētahi kaiwhakanao ngā kokonga mā te whakamahi i ēnei pūkaha hiko paerewa, mā te mōhio, te kore mōhio rānei ki te waihanga i tētahi hua me tētahi rā mōnehu tōmua. Nō reira ko te mārama ki te tūranga me ngā whāititanga o te pūkaha ā-hiko he kī ki te mōhio he aha ētahi rama LED e mutu ana, ā, kāore ētahi atu.

He aha te pūkaha hiko, he aha hoki i tino nui ai i roto i ngā atekōkiri LED?

Ko te pūkaha ā-hiko he momo pūkaha e whakamahi ana i te hiko (he wai, he gel rānei e pupuri ana i te nui o ngā katote) kia nui ake ai te kaha mō ia rōrahi wae i ētahi atu momo pūkaha. I roto i tētahi atekōkiri LED, e tahuri ana i te hiko matua AC taumai ki te hiko DC ngaohiko iti e hiahiatia ana e ngā LED, he maha ngā tūranga tino nui o ngā pūkaha hiko. Ko tā rātou taumahi matua ko te whakaene i te ngaohiko AC whakatikatika. I muri i te tahuritanga o te whakatikatika arawhiti diode tuatahi i te AC ki tētahi DC mokowhiti, kei tawhiti tonu te puka ngaru i te ngaohiko māeneene, taimau e hiahiatia ana e te LED. Ko ngā pūkaha hiko nui e mahi ana hei puna, e penapena ana i te pūngao i te wā o te puka ngaru ngaohiko me te tuku i te wā o ngā awa, nā reira ka "whakaeneene" i te huaputa ki tētahi taumata DC taimau ake. He tino nui tēnei taumahi mō te whakakore i te kōpura me te whakarato i tētahi au pūmau ki ngā LED. Ka whakamahia hoki i ētahi atu wāhanga o te ara iahiko atekōkiri mō te tātari me te rokiroki pūngao. Heoi anō, ko te mea tonu e hoatu ana ki a rātou tō rātou kaha tiketike—te hiko wai—ko te pūtake hoki o tō rātou ngoikoretanga tuatahi. Ka taea e tēnei hiko te whakaeto i te roanga o te wā, he tukanga e tino whakatere ana i te wera. Ko te oranga o tētahi pūkaha ā-hiko, he mehua te roa o te nui o tōna hiko ki te whakaeto, ka taka tōna kaha ki raro iho i tētahi taumata ka taea te whakamahi, i reira kāore e taea e te atekōkiri te mahi tika, nā reira ka kōpura, ka rehurehu, ka hinga katoa rānei te rama LED.

He pēhea te pānga o te pāmahana taiao ki te oranga o tētahi pūkaha hiko?

E honoa ana te oranga o te pūkaha hiko ki tōna pāmahana mahi. He tino nui tēnei pātahitanga, kāore he tikanga o te roanga o te pūkaha me te kore pāmahana kua whakaritea. Ina kite koe i tētahi capacitor kua tohua ki te oranga, kī, 1,000 haora, he mārama, ā, me mārama, e kīia ana ko tōna oranga i tētahi pāmahana taiao motuhake. Ko te pāmahana tohutoro paerewa mō te nuinga o ngā pūkaha ā-hiko whānui ko te 105°C. Ko te tikanga o tēnei kua hoahoatia te pūkaha kia mahi mō te 1,000 hāora (tata ki te 42 rā) ina 105°C te pāmahana taiao e karapoti ana. He mea nui kia mārama ki te tikanga o tēnei "mutunga o te ora". Ehara i te mea ka pahū, ka mutu rānei te mahi a te pūkaha i te 1,001 haora. Ko te tikanga o te rahunga mō tētahi pūkaha ā-hiko i te nuinga o te wā kua heke tōna kaha ki tētahi ōrautanga (i te nuinga o te 20%, 50% rānei) mai i tōna uara tuatahi, ina nui ake rānei tōna ātete rangatū ōrite (ESR) i tua atu i tētahi tepenga kua whakaritea. Nā reira, ko te pūkaha 20μF i whakatauria mō te 1,000 hāora i te 105°C, i muri i te 1,000 hāora i taua pāmahana, ka ine i te 10μF anake. Kua kore e taea e tēnei kaha whakaheke te mahi pai i tana mahi whakamāeene, ā, ka nui ake te pārekareka, ā, ka whakararuraru anō i te ara iahiko me ngā maramara LED, i te mutunga ka hinga te rama.

He aha te pātahitanga i waenga i te pāmahana me te roanga o te pūkaha?

Ko te pātahitanga i waenganui i te pāmahana mahi o tētahi pūkaha hiko me tōna oranga whaitake, e whakahaeretia ana e tētahi mātāpono matū tūturu, i te nuinga o te wā e whakarāpopototia ana e tētahi ture kōnui e mōhiotia ana ko te "ture 10 waeine." E kī ana tēnei ture, mō ia 10°C hekenga o te pāmahana mahi, ka tauruatia te roanga o te pūkaha. I tua atu, mō ia 10°C e piki ake ana i runga ake i tōna pāmahana whakatauranga, ka haurua te roanga o te ora. He huarahi ngāwari tēnei, engari he tino tika ki te whakatau tata i te pānga o te hau wera. Hei tauira, whakaarohia tētahi pūkaha kua whakatauria mō te 1,000 hāora i te 105°C. Mēnā ka mahi tonu i te 75°C mātao ake, arā, he 30°C te taka mai i tōna whakatauranga, ka tāruatia tōna oranga mō ia taka 10°C: 1,000 → 2,000 (i te 95°C) → 4,000 (i te 85°C) → 8,000 (i te 75°C). E hua ana tēnei tatauranga ngāwari ka taea e te pūkaha te 8,000 hāora te roa i te 75°C. Mēnā ka taea te whakaiti iho i te pāmahana i roto i te maunga LED, kī atu i te 65°C, ka toro atu te oranga ariā ki te 16,000 haora. I te 55°C, ka noho hei 32,000 haora, ā, i te 45°C, he 64,000 hāora ātaahua. Ko tēnei pātahitanga taupua e whakamārama ana i te tino nui o te whakahaere wera i roto i ngā maunga LED. Ko te pāmahana taiao e karapoti ana i te pūkaha ā-hiko, ko te nuinga o te wā e whakatauria ana e te wera i hangaia e ngā LED me ērā atu wae o te atekōkiri, e whārite ana ki te pai o te totohu wera me te hauora o te maunga. I roto i tētahi rama i hoahoatia kinotia e kōpikopiko ai ngā LED me ngā pūkaha hiko ki roto i tētahi kēhi kirihou iti, hiri, ā, kāore he wera, ka taea e te pāmahana ā-roto, te whakapoto i te oranga o te pūkaha, ā, nā reira, ko te rama katoa.

Me pēhea e taea ai e tātau te whakaroa i te oranga o ngā pūkaha hiko i roto i ngā rama LED?

Nā te mea ko te pūkaha hiko te hononga ngoikore rawa, ko te whakaroa i tōna oranga he mea nui rawa ki te waihanga i tētahi hua LED roa. E rua ngā huarahi matua mō te whakatutuki i tēnei: mā te hoahoa pai ake me te whakanao i te pūkaha anō, mā te taupānga tūpato me te hoahoa ara iahiko i roto i te atekōkiri LED. Mai i te tirohanga hoahoa mōtete, ko te hoariri ko te whakaeto hiko. Nō reira, ko te whakapai ake i te hiri o te pūkaha he tikanga hāngai, whai hua hoki. Ka taea tēnei e ngā kaiwhakanao mā te whakamahi i ngā rauemi hiri pai ake, pēnei i te taupoki kirihou phenolic me ngā electrodes tāpiri e kōpikopiko ana ki te kēne konumohe, me ngā gaskets motuhake taurua e whakarato ana i tētahi hiri hermetic ake. Mā tēnei e ārai ā-tinana i te mawhiti o te hiko. Ko tētahi atu huarahi ko te whakamahi i tētahi hiko waerau iti iho, i tētahi hiko waerau mārō rānei, kaua ko te wai, e waihanga ana i ngā "pūkaha waerau" he roa ake te roanga o te ora, engari he nui ake hoki te utu.

Mai i te tirohanga hoahoa whakamahinga me te ara iahiko, ko te take tino nui ko te whakahaere i te taiao whakahaere me te hau hiko. Ko te hipanga tuatahi, ko te tino mārama, ko te whakamātao. Ko te tikanga o tēnei ko te whakanoho i te pūkaha ki tētahi wāhi mātao ake o te ara iahiko atekōkiri, i tawhiti atu i ngā wae whakanao wera nui, me te whakarite kia tino pai te whakahaere wera o te rama katoa kia iti rawa ai te pāmahana o roto. Ko tētahi atu āhuatanga hau hiko nui ko te au pārekareka. Kei te whakahikotia tonutia te pūkaha e te whakawhiti auau tiketike o te puna hiko. Mā tēnei pārekareka e whakaputa ana i te wera ā-roto nā te ātete rangatū ōrite o te pūkaha (ESR), e āwhina ana anō ki te pikinga o te pāmahana. Mēnā he tiketike rawa te au pārekareka, ka tino poto tōna oranga. Ko tētahi tikanga pai hei whakaiti i te hau o nāianei ko te whakamahi i ngā pūkaha e rua i te whakarara. Mā tēnei e wehe te katoa o nāianei i waenganui i a rātou, e whakaiti ana i te hau i ia pūkaha takitahi, ā, ka whakahekea hoki te ESR o te takirua paheko, e whakaiti ana hoki i te whakatipuranga wera. Ko te tīpakonga tūpato o ngā pūkaha me te whakatauranga o nāianei nui ake tētahi atu rautaki pai.

He aha i hinga ohorere ai ngā pūkaha ā-hiko, ahakoa he momo ora roa?

Tērā pea ka pōraru, ka whakapōrearea ina hinga wawe te rama e whakamahi ana i tētahi pūkaha hiko "ora roa". I te nuinga o te wā e tohu ana tēnei ki tētahi aratau rahunga e rerekē ana i te whakaetotanga ā-hiko: te rahunga kino nā te ngaohiko nui, ngā takahanga pātōtō rānei. Ahakoa ko te pūkaha tino pai rawa atu me te kēne hiri tino pai me te ESR iti, ka taea te whakangaro inamata e te tara ngaohiko e nui ake ana i tōna ngaohiko whakatauranga mōrahi. Ko tā mātou mātiti hiko matua, ahakoa te nuinga o te wā, ka herea ki ngā takahanga ngaohiko rangitahi, i te nuinga o te wā nā te uira pātata. Ahakoa he nui te parenga uira o ngā mātiti hiko tauine nui, ka taea tonu e ēnei pātōtō pūngao tiketike te toha, ā, ka puta hei taraiwa ngaohiko poto, mōrearea hoki i runga i ngā aho hiko ā-whare me ngā aho arumoni. Ka taea e ēnei pātōtō te rau, te mano rānei o ngā volts, he moroiti noa iho, engari he nui tēnā ki te poka i te apa waikura dielectric angiangi i roto i tētahi pūkaha hiko, e whakapoto ana, e whakangaro wawe ana. Hei pare i tēnei, me whakauru e ngā atekōkiri LED i hangaia paitia mai i ngā matua he ara iahiko parenga pakari i tōna tāurunga. Ko te tikanga kei roto i tēnei he waka hei pare i te au, me tētahi wae tino nui e kiia nei ko te varistor waikura konganuku (MOV). Ka purua te MOV puta noa i ngā raina ora, kūpapa hoki. I raro i te ngaohiko pūnoa, he tino nui te ātete, ā, kāore he mahi. Engari ina puta mai he pātōtō ngaohiko tiketike, ka tino heke tōna ātete, ka whakaheke i te pūngao pātōtō me te "clamping" i te ngaohiko ki tētahi taumata haumaru, e pare ana i ngā pūkaha hiko tairongo me ētahi atu wae whakararo. Mēnā kāore i te atekōkiri tēnei parenga, mēnā rānei he iti te kounga o te varistor, ahakoa ko te pūkaha hiko tino pai rawa atu ka werohia e te uira e whai ake nei, ka puta ki te hinganga ohorere, ohorere hoki o te rama.

Ngā pātai auau mō ngā pūkaha hiko i roto i ngā rama LED

Ka taea e te rama LED te mahi me te kore pūkaha hiko?

Kua hoahoatia ētahi atekōkiri LED kia "iti iho te pūkaha", ki te whakamahi rānei i ētahi atu momo pūkaha, engari he iti iho te pūnoa. Ko ngā pūkaha ā-hiko te huarahi tino māia, utu hoki hei whakaoti i te kaha nui e hiahiatia ana mō te whakaene pai i te nuinga o ngā atekōkiri LED hiko-AC. Ki te kore e rawaka te kaha, ka nui te kōpura o te mārama, ā, kāore e whakaaetia. Tērā pea ka whakamahia e ngā atekōkiri mutunga tiketike ngā pūkaha kiriata utu nui ake, ngā topologies ara iahiko arā atu anō rānei hei whakaiti i te hiahia mō ngā hiko nui.

Me pēhea taku mōhio mēnā he kino te pūkaha o te rama LED rahua?

Mēnā kei te pai koe ki te whakatuwhera i te atekōkiri (me te tūpato, i te mea ka taea e ngā pūkaha te pupuri i tētahi utu mōrearea), i ētahi wā ka kitea e te tirotiro ā-ari tētahi pūkaha hiko kino. Kei roto i ngā tohu he tihi pupuhi, he kōpae rānei (kua tuwhera te kōhao haumaru), he tohu parauri, he hiko māturu kirinuku, he haunga wera rānei. Mā te hiko, mā te pūkaha rahua ka kōpura pea te rama, te ngunguru, te kore rānei e mārama. Mā te ine mā te ine āheinga e whakaatu i tētahi uara i raro rawa atu i tōna kaha whakatauranga.

He kino ngā pūkaha hiko katoa i roto i ngā rama LED?

Kāo, kāore rawa. Ehara te raruraru i te hangarau anō, engari ko te kounga o te wae e whakamahia ana me te taiao wera kua whakanohoia. Ko ngā pūkaha hiko kounga tiketike mai i ngā kaiwhakanao rongonui, i hoahoatia mō te oranga roa (hei tauira, 10,000 hāora i te 105°C) me te whakamahi i roto i tētahi maunga hoahoa pai me te whakahaere wera pai, ka taea te roa mō ngā tau maha, ā, ehara i te mea whakawhāiti i te oranga o te rama. Ka puta mai te take ina whakamahia ngā pūkaha kounga koretake, ora poto, ina wera nui rawa rānei ngā pūkaha pai.