Highway lighting design
Road lighting First of all, people will mention motorway lighting. In fact, its scope extends from the main roads of urban transportation to the inter-segment roads in urban residential areas. There is no doubt that the most important issue is functional lighting. The functions of road lighting are mainly to ensure traffic safety, strengthen traffic guidance, improve traffic efficiency, enhance personal safety, reduce crime rate, improve the comfort of the road environment, beautify the city, and promote the economic prosperity of commercial areas. Road lighting plays the role of the city's "image ambassador" in urban lighting, and people's feelings about the city often start here.
In today's society, the comfort requirements of road lighting are becoming higher and higher. If people notice the effect of light color on traffic vision, LED lamps are currently commonly used instead of high-pressure sodium lamps. In addition, the requirements for modeling design and the use of materials have gradually been emphasized, such as the shape of the pole and the use of lamps. In fact, street lights also have other functions, such as helping people locate unfamiliar environments and illuminate traffic signs.
Principles of road lighting design:
1. Safety: You can see the exact location and distance of obstacles or pedestrians on the road, who can give you the abnormal conditions, such as the degree and location of road damage.
2. Inducibility: Can clearly see the width, line type and structure of the road, and can clearly see the distance and conditions of intersections, turnouts and turns of the road.
3. Comfort: Can identify the type of other vehicles (understand the width of the body) and the speed of movement, and can recognize the road signs and other peripheral facilities.
4. Economical: It is easy to maintain and manage. Under the premise of meeting the standards, the number of lamps is reduced as much as possible, which is economical and energy saving.
Road lighting design:
1. Clear road conditions
Road conditions such as road section form, pavement and isolation zone width, road surface material and inverse color coefficient, curve rate radius, road entrance and exit, plane intersection and three-dimensional intersection layout are the first data obtained. Greening, buildings on both sides of the road, urban planning, and the environment surrounding the road are also factors that must be considered. In addition, the traffic flow and pedestrian flow rate, traffic accident rate and the public security situation nearby should also be understood.
2. Determine the road grade and design standards according to the road conditions
Urban roads are divided into five levels: expressways, main roads, secondary roads, branch roads and roads in residential areas. According to road conditions, determining the road grade is the first step in road lighting design. According to the lighting design standards, determine the required lighting quality indicators, including average brightness, brightness uniformity, glare control level, etc., where appropriate to use the illuminance measurement indicators, determine the required illuminance.
3. Determine the arrangement of lamps and the installation height of lamps
Conventional lighting is to install one or two road lamps on the light pole, which is arranged along one side, two sides or middle belt of the road. The height of the general light pole is below 15 meters. Its characteristic is that each lamp can effectively illuminate the road, it is more economical, and it can have a good inducement on the curve. Therefore, it can be applied to roads, intersections, parking lots, bridges, etc. Disadvantages are: For large-scale three-dimensional intersections, transportation hubs, toll plazas, etc., there will be a chaotic state of light poles lit by lighting poles, which is very unsightly during the day and becomes a "sea of light" at night, and the light poles Too much, the maintenance workload increases
Road lighting design steps:
4. Select light source and lamps
The light sources used for road lighting mainly include high-power LED lamps, low-pressure sodium lamps, high-pressure sodium lamps, high-pressure mercury lamps and metal halide lamps. The characteristics of the road have a great influence on the choice of light sources for road lighting. In addition, the requirements of light color, color rendering and light efficiency will also affect the choice of light source.
5. The style and design of the light pole
The choice of lamps and lanterns should not only consider the light trial design, but also pay attention to coordination with the lamp post, especially whether the overall shape of the lamp and the lamp post meets the requirements of the road landscape. Light poles used for road lighting are particularly important in the daytime landscape of roads. The form and color of the light pole, the ratio and size of the light pole to the base should be consistent with the nature of the road and the scale of the road.
6. Determination of lamp pole spacing, cantilever length and lamp elevation angle
Under the premise of meeting the required lighting indicators, initially choose one or several lighting arrangements, including the installation height of the lamps, the position of the lamp post, etc., through lighting design software, such as OAK LED lighting design software DIALUX and other lighting design software, etc. Perform auxiliary calculations to calculate the possible spacing under the same kind of lamp and light source combination selected. In the calculation, the lighting index can be adjusted by adjusting the height of the lamp, the position of the lamp relative to the road surface, and the elevation angle. According to the comprehensive consideration and the designer ’s Choose an optimal plan based on personal experience, or adjust some parameters and recalculate to achieve a satisfactory design plan.